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2001

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Articles 2431 - 2460 of 2476

Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences

A Study On Turkish Rhododendron L. (Ericaceae), Sali̇h Terzi̇oğlu, Nesi̇me Merev, Rahi̇m Anşi̇n Jan 2001

A Study On Turkish Rhododendron L. (Ericaceae), Sali̇h Terzi̇oğlu, Nesi̇me Merev, Rahi̇m Anşi̇n

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Some of the Turkish Rhododendron L. taxa need wood anatomical and palynological studies for their certain determination together with morphological studies. Therefore, some of them were studied and a revised list of them is given. New distribution areas of a newly recorded endemic variety of Rhododendron ponticum L. (Rhododendron ponticum L. subsp. ponticum var. heterophyllum Anşin) were determined: A7 Trabzon: Maçka, A8 Rize: Çamlıhemşin and A8 Artvin: Murgul, in addition to the already known A8 Trabzon: Of region. Morphological, wood anatomical and palynological features of very rare white-flowered specimens of Rhododendron ponticum L. were compared to the main taxa of …

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Withdrawal Strength Of Dowels In Plywood And Oriented Strand Board, Yusuf Zi̇ya Erdi̇l, Carl A. Eckelman Jan 2001

Withdrawal Strength Of Dowels In Plywood And Oriented Strand Board, Yusuf Zi̇ya Erdi̇l, Carl A. Eckelman

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Plywood and oriented strand board (OSB) are being used increasingly in the construction of upholstered furniture frames. Yet there is little information available concerning the holding strength of various fasteners, and, in particular, dowels in these materials. A study was conducted accordingly, to obtain basic information about the holding strength of dowels in both plywood and oriented strand board. Results of the tests were incorporated into predictive expressions that allow designers to estimate withdrawal strength as a function of the diameter of the dowels, their depth of embedment and the density of the composite material. Given the variability of the …

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Evaluation Of Some Chemical Extraction Methods Used As Indices Of Soil Nitrogen Availability In Polatlı State Farm Soils In Ankara Province, Abdel Karim Hassan Awad Elkarim, Sadik Usta Jan 2001

Evaluation Of Some Chemical Extraction Methods Used As Indices Of Soil Nitrogen Availability In Polatlı State Farm Soils In Ankara Province, Abdel Karim Hassan Awad Elkarim, Sadik Usta

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

In pursuit of evaluating the suitability of methods for determining the ability of soils to supply available nitrogen under different soil conditions, two biological aerobic and anaerobic incubation procedures and six chemical extraction methods were applied to 31 samples of soil collected from the Central Anatolian area. The selected area for the study represents the criteria of arid and semi-arid regions. Statistically significant correlation coefficients were found between the biological methods and the five chemical methods that were evaluated out of the six. Only the alkaline KMnO_4 method did not give a significant correlation cofficient. The results of the phosphate-borate …

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A Study On Selecting Suitable Types Of The Anatolia Sage (Salvia Fruticosa Mill.) In The Flora Of Western Anatolia, Emi̇ne Bayram Jan 2001

A Study On Selecting Suitable Types Of The Anatolia Sage (Salvia Fruticosa Mill.) In The Flora Of Western Anatolia, Emi̇ne Bayram

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

In this study, Salvia fruticosa Mill. seeds were collected from different locations in west and south-west Anatolia, Turkey, to establish a population. This population was grown under the Bornova ecological conditions for determination of agronomical and technological traits in order to develop a standard variety by selecting the types with better quality and yield using the clonal selection method. The population included the seeds collected from seventeen different locations in the provinces of Muğla, Antalya, İzmir, Aydın, Tekirdağ, Çanakkale and Balıkesir. Plant height, the yields of fresh herbage, drug herbage, drug leaf and essential oil content for each population in …

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Research On The Effects Of Different Phosphorus Doses On Root, Nodule And Plant Growth In Some Vetch Species, Yaşar Karadağ, Uğur Büyükburç Jan 2001

Research On The Effects Of Different Phosphorus Doses On Root, Nodule And Plant Growth In Some Vetch Species, Yaşar Karadağ, Uğur Büyükburç

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

This research was conducted to determine the effects of different phosphorus doses (0, 4, 8 and 12 kg P_2O_5/da) on root, above-ground biomass and nodule development of vetch species (Vicia villosa Roth., V. pannonica Crantz. and V. sativa L.) in the experimental field of the Agricultural Faculty of Gaziosmanpaşa University in the 1997-98 growing season. Common vetch had the highest above-ground biomass, number of nodules on the lateral roots and total nodule number, whereas Hungarian vetch had the highest root biomass, number of nodules on the main root and nodule dry weight. Phosphorus fertilization enhanced all the parameters investigated. It …

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Evaluation Of Yield And Yield Components In Inbred Maize Lines I. Heterosis And Line X Tester Analysis Of Combining Ability, Şevket Meti̇n Kara Jan 2001

Evaluation Of Yield And Yield Components In Inbred Maize Lines I. Heterosis And Line X Tester Analysis Of Combining Ability, Şevket Meti̇n Kara

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

In maize, three male testers and six female lines together with their 18 F_1 hybrids were evaluated to study the general and specific combining ability estimates and heterosis following line x tester approach. Analysis of variance indicated the existence of significant variation among F_1 and parents for all characteristics. Average heterosis was significant for all characteristics studied and was positive, except for days to tasseling, with the average yield of hybrids being 79.8% above that of the parents. In view of the general combining ability effects of the parents, the parental lines YUZ P709 and FR 64A were identified as …

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Xylotroph Micromycetes Of Oak Trees In Azerbaijan Forests, Elşad Hüseyi̇n Jan 2001

Xylotroph Micromycetes Of Oak Trees In Azerbaijan Forests, Elşad Hüseyi̇n

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

It is of great importance to study the activities of fungi in forest ecosystems for both protecting them and optimizing their functions. In this study, we present 130 species of xylotroph micromycetes found on six different species of oak in Azerbaijan. Of the species found, 54 were from 38 genera from 10 families of the Ascomycotina subdivision. Thirty-four were of the Pyrenomycetes class in which many have stromas or their peritheciums formed in dense groups. The majority of these species were found on wood in the initial phase of decomposition. The Loculoascomycetes and Discomycetes class were represented by 18 and …

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Effects Of Different Irrigation Programs On The Growth Of Cotton Under Drip Irrigation, Ahmet Ertek, Riza Kanber Jan 2001

Effects Of Different Irrigation Programs On The Growth Of Cotton Under Drip Irrigation, Ahmet Ertek, Riza Kanber

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

This study was conducted to determine of effects the cotton plant growth of different irrigation programs in a drip system. The amount of water applied was based on free surface evaporation from a screened Class-A Pan. Irrigation treatments consisted of two different irrigation intervals (I1: 5; I2: 10 days), and three plant-pan coefficients (Kcp1: 0.75; Kcp2: 0.90 and Kcp3: 1.05) and two different wetted percentages (P1: 0.70 and P2: based on cover percentage of the crop). The first irrigation was applied when the available soil moisture in the 120 cm depth in the profile was at 40%. According to the …

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Determining Irrigation Possibilities And Agricultural Problems In The Wheat Growing Areas Of Ankara, Konya And Eskişehir Provinces, Zeynep Dernek Jan 2001

Determining Irrigation Possibilities And Agricultural Problems In The Wheat Growing Areas Of Ankara, Konya And Eskişehir Provinces, Zeynep Dernek

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

This study was conducted to determine the agricultural technical conditions and irrigation systems for obtaining high yields in wheat production. A questionnaire was prepared and applied to farmers growing wheat in Ankara, Konya and Eskişehir in 1996. After analyzing the data, we determined the water resources, the amount of water used for wheat production, the allocation of crops, and the technical and financial problems faced by farmers in the research area. The findings of the study showed that 74% of irrigation water is high quality, and ground water and surface water are used in almost equal amounts. Depending on the …

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Chemical Changes Of Lipids Of Some Fresh Water Fish After Hot Smoking, Mustafa Ünlüsayin, Mehmet Yaşar Aksoylar, Hayri̇ Gülyavuz Jan 2001

Chemical Changes Of Lipids Of Some Fresh Water Fish After Hot Smoking, Mustafa Ünlüsayin, Mehmet Yaşar Aksoylar, Hayri̇ Gülyavuz

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

In this study, the effects of hot smoking and some chemical changes of lipids in the flesh of fish such as rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum 1792) that are cultured, eels (Anguilla anguilla L. 1766) caught from rivers, and pike perch (Sander lucioperca L. Kottelat 1997) in some inland bodies of water in Turkey were investigated. According to the results, significant (P

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The Effects Of Different Qualitative And Quantitative Feed Restriction Methods During Rearing On The Reproductive Performance Of Broiler Breeder Hens, Mehmet Bozkurt, Veysel Ayhan, Fi̇gen Kirkpinar Jan 2001

The Effects Of Different Qualitative And Quantitative Feed Restriction Methods During Rearing On The Reproductive Performance Of Broiler Breeder Hens, Mehmet Bozkurt, Veysel Ayhan, Fi̇gen Kirkpinar

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study was carried out to determine the effect of various quantitative and qualitative feed restriction methods during the growing period on the reproductive performance of broiler breeder hens. Normal and low density diets were offered to broiler breeder pullets by three different qualitative restriction methods (every day, skip-a-day, five days in a week). The trial was conducted on 864 4 to 72 week old Avian AK-34 broiler breeder hens. The qualitative and quantitative restriction methods, examined during the growing period, had no significant effect on egg production, chick weight, settable egg rate, egg yolk and egg albumen weight, egg …

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Total Testosterone, Cortizol, Growth Hormone And Fluorine Levels In Fluorine Intoxicated Rabbits, Mehmet Akdoğan, Ali̇ Bi̇lgi̇li̇, Sezai̇ Kaya, Ender Yarsan, Ebru Üstüner Jan 2001

Total Testosterone, Cortizol, Growth Hormone And Fluorine Levels In Fluorine Intoxicated Rabbits, Mehmet Akdoğan, Ali̇ Bi̇lgi̇li̇, Sezai̇ Kaya, Ender Yarsan, Ebru Üstüner

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

In this study, the effects of fluorine given subchronically (70 days) in drinking water (1, 10, 40 mg/L) were assessed in New Zealand male rabbits and their effects on total testosterone, cortisol and growth hormone (GH) levels were determined. Blood samples were taken from control and experimental groups after 0, 21 and 70 days and total testosterone, cortisol, GH and fluorine levels were measured. As a result, in animals given 10 mg/L fluorinated water, on the 21^{st} day there was a statistically significant (p

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Investigations On Some Biochemical Parameters In Lambs With Pica And In Healthy Lambs, Teki̇n Şahi̇n, İbrahi̇m Çi̇mtay, Gürbüz Aksoy Jan 2001

Investigations On Some Biochemical Parameters In Lambs With Pica And In Healthy Lambs, Teki̇n Şahi̇n, İbrahi̇m Çi̇mtay, Gürbüz Aksoy

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of this study was to determine zinc, copper, iron, calcium, magnesium, inorganic phosphorus and total protein levels in the blood serum of lambs with pica and in healthy lambs. This study was performed on 58 Ivesi lambs (38 lambs with pica and 20 healthy lambs), aged 1-1.5 months. Blood samples were collected twice (first and second periods) at five day intervals. The findings showed that concentrations of inorganic phosphorus (p

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Effects Of Propionibacterium Strain P5 On In-Vitro Volatile Fatty Acids Production And Digestibility Of Fiber And Starch, Veysel Akay, Richard G. Dado Jan 2001

Effects Of Propionibacterium Strain P5 On In-Vitro Volatile Fatty Acids Production And Digestibility Of Fiber And Starch, Veysel Akay, Richard G. Dado

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The objectives of this study were to determine whether Propionibacterium affects in-vitro VFA production and/or increases the digestibility of fiber and starch. A 4 x 4 x 4 factorial arrangement was used. The main factors were feed source, length of fermentation, and level of added Propionibacterium. Fermentations were conducted in batch cultures with Propionibacterium added to the flasks just prior to the addition of rumen inoculum. The total VFA, acetate, and propionate concentrations increased 9, 5, and 18%, respectively with the addition of Propionibacterium. Propionibacterium decreased dry-matter digestibility by 2% and fiber digestibility by 14%. A second study was conducted …

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Multiple-Trait Analysis Using Bayesian Methods In Animal Breeding: A Gibbs Sampling Approach, Mehmet Zi̇ya Firat Jan 2001

Multiple-Trait Analysis Using Bayesian Methods In Animal Breeding: A Gibbs Sampling Approach, Mehmet Zi̇ya Firat

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Most animal breeding experiments are based on more than one economically important trait measured in each individual. In the statistical analysis of the resulting data, traits recorded in the same individuals are often considered one at a time. Usually we are interested, however, not only in the mode of inheritance of a particular trait but also in its relationships with other traits. Multivariate analyses are required to make inferences about genetic and phenotypic correlations between traits, but point estimates of such parameters can be poor even when breeding data on hundreds of animals are used. Bayesian methods exclude variance matrices …

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The Quantitative Histomorphologic Growth Of The Lung Of The Quail (Coturnix Coturnix Japonica) At The Postnatal Stage: I. Parabronchi And Atria, Güner Bayram, Nari̇n Li̇man Jan 2001

The Quantitative Histomorphologic Growth Of The Lung Of The Quail (Coturnix Coturnix Japonica) At The Postnatal Stage: I. Parabronchi And Atria, Güner Bayram, Nari̇n Li̇man

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

In this research, which investigated the quantitative histomorphologic development of the parabronchi and atria of lungs at 1, 3, 7, 15, 30 and 60 days old, 60 male quail were used. The interparabronchial septa were absent among the lung units which consist of parabronchi, atria and gas exchange tissue. It was observed that on the 1^{st} day of hatching, the lungs had the same properties as adults and that there was no structural difference between the right and left lungs. The average diameter of atria rose according to the age and were 20.733±0.868 µ and 21.413±0.929 µ on the 1^{st} …

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The Effects Of Enzyme And Probiotic Supplementation To Diets On Broiler Performance, Mustafa Mi̇di̇lli̇, Şaki̇r Doğan Tuncer Jan 2001

The Effects Of Enzyme And Probiotic Supplementation To Diets On Broiler Performance, Mustafa Mi̇di̇lli̇, Şaki̇r Doğan Tuncer

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study was carried out to determine the effect of the supplementation of enzyme and probiotic to broiler feeds based on barley and wheat on broiler performance, dressing percentage, the small intestinal length and weight, liver and abdominal fat weights, intestinal viscosity and the percentage of sticky droppings. In this experiment, 600 one - day - old Hubbard broiler chicks were used. This study was performed on four treatment groups, each containing 150 chicks. One of the groups was the control group and the others were the experimental groups. Each treatment group was divided into 6 replicates of 25 chicks. …

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Synchronization Of Oestrus And The Possibilities Of Improving Reproductive Performance By Using Progestagen And Different Doses Of Pmsg In Kıvırcık Ewes, Mehmet Koyuncu, Şebnem Kara Uzun, Leyla Şengül Jan 2001

Synchronization Of Oestrus And The Possibilities Of Improving Reproductive Performance By Using Progestagen And Different Doses Of Pmsg In Kıvırcık Ewes, Mehmet Koyuncu, Şebnem Kara Uzun, Leyla Şengül

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study was carried out in Kıvırcık ewes to increase reproductive performance and synchronize oestrus by using progestagen pessaries (40 mg FGA) and different doses of PMSG (0, 500 and 700 IU) during the breeding season. Free mating occurred in the herd and 76% of all births were completed in the first week. Fertility, single birth rates, fecundity and prolificacy in the three different groups were found to be 94.87%, 96.66% and 100.00%; 78.38%, 55.18% and 38.46% (P

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Detection Of Antibodies Against Salmonella Enteritidis In Chicken Serum And Egg Yolk With Elisa, Gülay Altay, Hakan Yardimci Jan 2001

Detection Of Antibodies Against Salmonella Enteritidis In Chicken Serum And Egg Yolk With Elisa, Gülay Altay, Hakan Yardimci

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

A total of 473 sera from hens of different age groups and different breeds and a total of 430 eggs were collected from 11 breeders and egg producers in the districts of Adapazarı, Afyon, Ankara and Konya. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), heat-extract (HE) and flagella antigens were tested in the standardizing ELISA technique. Flagella antigen was found useful in the screening of field samples. Of the 48 (10.2%) rapid plate agglutination positive sera, 7 were negative in ELISA. One hundred and seventy-three (36.6%) of the 473 sera and 76 (17.7%) of the 430 egg yolks were found to be positive with ELISA. …

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Clinical And Experimental Arthroscopy, Arthrography And Direct Radiography For The Diagnosis Of Canine Stifle Joint Disorders, Zeki̇ Alkan, Ali̇ Bumi̇n, M. Doğa Temi̇zsoylu, Murat Sarierler Jan 2001

Clinical And Experimental Arthroscopy, Arthrography And Direct Radiography For The Diagnosis Of Canine Stifle Joint Disorders, Zeki̇ Alkan, Ali̇ Bumi̇n, M. Doğa Temi̇zsoylu, Murat Sarierler

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The use of arthroscopy and arthrography in order to describe the stifle joint lesions causing lameness in dogs was studied, and a comparison of the results of these techniques was made. For the experimental part of the study,survey radiographs were taken, arthrography and arthroscopy were performed consencutively in 20 stifle joints of 10 clinically healthy dogs of different breed, sex, age, and weight. The same procedures were performed in 3 cases which were referred to the Department of Surgery. According to the results,while it is possible to detect the bony tissue and stifle joint space in direct radiography,the suprapatellar pouch,plate …

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The Effect Of Ration Supplemented With Zinc On Ecg In Broilers, Ali̇ Çinar, Nurcan Dönmez Jan 2001

The Effect Of Ration Supplemented With Zinc On Ecg In Broilers, Ali̇ Çinar, Nurcan Dönmez

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of ration supplemented with zinc on the electrocardiograms of 60 broiler chicks. The chicks were divided into four groups,one control and three experimental groups (II,III,IV). Zinc was given to the experimental groups at doses of 125, 500, 1000 mk/kg respectively, in their ration for 60 days.The electrocardiogram recordings were performed on chicks on the 60 th day of the experiment. Leads I, II, III, aVR, aVL and aVF were recorded in the electrocardiographs of the chicks.All electrocardiograms exhibited P, R, S and T waves but P wave generally interfered with the …

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Transferrin Polymorphism In Hair Goat Breeds Raised In The Bursa Region, Cengi̇z Elmaci, Mehmet Koyuncu, Erdoğan Tuncel Jan 2001

Transferrin Polymorphism In Hair Goat Breeds Raised In The Bursa Region, Cengi̇z Elmaci, Mehmet Koyuncu, Erdoğan Tuncel

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

In this study transferrin polymorphism was investigated in hair goat breeds raised in the Bursa region by using 148 blood samples of hair goat. The separation of transferrin types was carried out using horizontal starch-gel electrophoresis. The frequencies of transferrin alleles were calculated to be 0.54 ±0.029 and 0.46 ±0.029 for Tf A and Tf B , respectively. Differences between the expected and observed number of transferrin genotypes were insignificant.

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In Vitro Estimation Of The Solubility Of Dry Matter And Crude Protein Of Wet Feed And Dry, Sulhatti̇n Yaşar, John Mike Forbes Jan 2001

In Vitro Estimation Of The Solubility Of Dry Matter And Crude Protein Of Wet Feed And Dry, Sulhatti̇n Yaşar, John Mike Forbes

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Two experiments were conducted to determine the in vitro solubility of dry matter and crude protein of wet feed and dry feed of a commercial broiler diet. In the first experiment, to two g of feed samples of a commercial broiler pelleted diet was added 0-dry (80 g/kg water content) and 1.5 g water per g of feed (640 g/kg water content), and they were then incubated at one of two different levels of pepsin-HCl solutions, low (48 mg pepsin in 2 ml 0.1M HCl), or high (64 mg pepsin in 3 ml 0.1M HCl) for 0, 15, 30, 60, …

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Seasonal Variation In Bovine Luteal Concentrations Of Ss-Carotene, Şevket Arikan, Richard G. Rodway Jan 2001

Seasonal Variation In Bovine Luteal Concentrations Of Ss-Carotene, Şevket Arikan, Richard G. Rodway

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

ß-Carotene is present in extremely high concentrations in bovine corpus luteum. The aim of this study was to examine the extent of the seasonal variation in concentrations of luteal ß-carotene in cows. A total of 102 corpora lutea collected throughout all 12 months of the year were analysed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The mean ß-carotene concentration of the luteal tissues was 58.7 ± 4.5 µg/g. Bovine corpora lutea collected in the warmer months (May-Oct.) contained significantly (P

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The Effects Of Aging Period And Muscle Type On The Textural Quality Characteristics Of Mutton, Mete Yanar, Hasan Yeti̇m Jan 2001

The Effects Of Aging Period And Muscle Type On The Textural Quality Characteristics Of Mutton, Mete Yanar, Hasan Yeti̇m

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

In this research, the effects of aging on some of the textural quality characteristics of Longissimus dorsi (LD) and Semimembranosus (SM) muscles from mutton carcasses were evaluated. The results showed that the aging process significantly (P

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Estrogen Influences On The Developing Rat Hippocampus Through Interactions With The Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor And P160 Coactivator Proteins, Derek Tyler Solum Jan 2001

Estrogen Influences On The Developing Rat Hippocampus Through Interactions With The Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor And P160 Coactivator Proteins, Derek Tyler Solum

Dissertations

In addition to their primary role in the maintenance and regulation of reproductive capacity, ovarian steroid hormones acting through specific nuclear receptors influence more general neurobiological functions, such as perceptual-spatial skills and learning and memory. Estrogens act to alter certain aspects of cognitive performance and pathology such as epileptic seizure activity and Alzheimer’s disease. Furthermore, ovarian steroids act during development to alter the neuronal cytoarchitecture and synaptic connectivity. These early influences of steroids on the brain are essentially permanent and in part determine the steroid responsiveness of the adult brain. The mechanism and sites of action for the effects of …

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Reproductive Efficiencies In The Evolution Of Life Histories, Eric Charnov Jan 2001

Reproductive Efficiencies In The Evolution Of Life Histories, Eric Charnov

Biology Faculty & Staff Publications

Darwinian fitness is expressed as the product of 2 cost/benefit ratios.

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Density-Dependent Invariance, Dimensionless Life Histories, And The Energy-Equivalence Rule, Eric Charnov, John Haskell, S.K.M. Ernest Jan 2001

Density-Dependent Invariance, Dimensionless Life Histories, And The Energy-Equivalence Rule, Eric Charnov, John Haskell, S.K.M. Ernest

Biology Faculty & Staff Publications

Damuth's energy equivalence rule for mammals is studied in a population dynamic framework.

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Fitness Trade-Offs Select For Semelparous Reproduction In An Extreme Environment, Felisa Smith, Eric Charnov Jan 2001

Fitness Trade-Offs Select For Semelparous Reproduction In An Extreme Environment, Felisa Smith, Eric Charnov

Biology Faculty & Staff Publications

No abstract provided.

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Evolution Of Mammal Life Histories, Eric Charnov Jan 2001

Evolution Of Mammal Life Histories, Eric Charnov

Biology Faculty & Staff Publications

If we assume that adult life span and age-at-maturity are described correctly by quarter power allometries across (typical) mammal species, we are tempted to look for some fundamental explanation. The explanation must acknowledge that within-species growth is sigmoid and not a power function at all, and that natural selection probably sets the age at maturity in the face of externally imposed mortality, while also allowing some mortality adjustment due to internal factors. This paper develops hypotheses to account for the above scaling rules and it predicts the numeric values of several new dimensionless numbers that interrelate growth, mortality and investment …

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