Life Sciences Commons^™

Effects Of Antimetabolites On Sclerotium Rolfsii Growth And Oxalic Acid Production, Ezikiel Okafor-Agilo

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

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Buah-Buahan Malaysia, Awang Mohd Rafidi

Student Works (2000-2009)

Latihan llmiah merupakan satu kursus yang wajib bagi pejajar tahun akhir memenuhi Kepertuan Sarjana Muda Sains Komputer di Universiti Malaya. Menerusi kursus ini, pelajar perlu menyiapkan satu projek yang mana pelajar dapat mengadaptasikan apa yang telah dipelajari selama ini. Selain itu, pelajar juga mencari serta mempelajari sesuatu daripada projek yang dibangunkan. Sistem yang dibangunkan ini merupakan sistem berinformasi yang berbentuk stand alone mengenai buah-buahan tempatan di negara ini. Selaras dengan perkembangan komputeran teknologi maklumat, sistem yang akan saya bangunkan ini sememangnya dinantikan oleh para pengguna sekarang yang semestinya inginkan sumber maklumat dalam bentuk yang mudah lagi menarik. Sistem ini untuk …

Abundance And Distribution Of Commensal Amphipods From Common Marine Sponges Of Southeast Florida, Stacie E. Crowe

HCNSO Student Theses and Dissertations

Marine sponges were examined from shallow waters of southeast Florida and the Florida Keys to determine species composition and distribution of commensal amphipod crustaceans from shallow reef, mangrove, and seagrass habitats. Twenty sponge species were investigated during this study, sixteen of which housed amphipods in the families Colomastigidae and/or Leucothoidae. Six species of commensal amphipods were identified. Leucothoe spinicarpa (Abildgaard) species "complex" was the most dominant amphipod commensal, representing 63% of the total amphipods collected. The L. spinicarpa "complex" contains four local morphotypes, which are diagnosed and briefly described. Common sponge hosts included Callyspongia vaginalis, Mycale sp., and Myriastra kallitetilla.

Forage News [2001-01], Department Of Plant And Soil Sciences, University Of Kentucky

Forage News

• Forages at KCA
• American Forage and Grassland
• Council Annual Meetings
• Variety Testing Information Being Summarized
• Department of Agriculture Hay Testing Expands
• The Snow Is Flying, Do You Know What Your Cattle Are Eating?
• 2000 Morgan County Bermudagrass Trial
• Upcoming Events

The Molecular Microbial Ecology And Mechanisms Of Biomarker Degradation In Crude Oil, Fredrick Daniel Bost

MUSC Theses and Dissertations

Biomarkers are structurally complex components of petroleum derived from biological molecular precursors, such as chlorophyll, sterols, and hopanoids (Peters and Moldowan, 1993). The biomarker profile of a crude oil is distinctive and diagnostic, often allowing correlation of an oil to its source rock. Many biomarkers in crude oil are resistant to biodegradation and are used by petroleum geochemists to assess genetic relationships, thermal maturity, and biodegradation. However, the reliability of these biomarkers depends on this recalcitrance to biodegradation. The studies presented here used bacterial enrichment cultures to examine the distribution and extent of biomarker­ degrading activity in aerobic and anaerobic …

June Versus March Calving For The Nebraska Sandhills: Production Traits, Don C. Adams, Dick Clark, Russ Sandberg, Gordon Carriker, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Todd Milton

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Our objective was to determine if labor and purchased inputs could be reduced and profitability improved by matching lactation (i.e., calving date) with nutrient content of grazed forages to extend the grazing season in beef cow/calf systems. By adjusting a traditional March calving date to a nontraditional June calving date, nearly 2 tons of harvested feed/cow was replaced by grazing. Feeding and calving labor inputs of mature cows were 61% lower for the June calving compared to the March calving system. Weaning rates were comparable between March and June calving systems. Weaning weights for June-born calves were 70 lbs lighter …

2001 Beef Cattle Report

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Contents

Cow/Calf
A Comparison of Beef Cattle Crossbreeding Systems Assuming Value-Based Marketing
June versus March Calving for the Nebraska Sandhills: Production Traits
June versus March Calving for the Nebraska Sandhills: Economic Comparisons
June versus March Calving for the Nebraska Sandhills: Economic Risk Analysis
Protein Supplements and Performance of Cows and Calves in June-Calving Production Systems
Performance and Economics of Winter Supplementing Pregnant Heifers Based on the Metabolizable Protein System
Forage Intake and Nutrient Balance of Heifers Grazing Sandhills Winter Range
Summer Grazing and Fall Grazing Pressure Effects on Protein Content and Digestibility of Fall Range Diets
Annual Forage Production and …

June Versus March Calving For The Nebraska Sandhills: Economic Risk Analysis, Gordon Carriker, Dick Clark, Don C. Adams, Russ Sandberg

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Price risk analysis of economic and financial net returns from June and March calving systems was used to rank and identify preferred production/sale strategies according to risk preferences of producers. Analysis of economic net returns identified selling a June-born steer at weaning from the breeding on meadow (meadow-bred) treatment as preferred strategy regardless of risk preferences. Post-weaning, selling a June-born finished yearling steer from the meadow-bred treatment was ranked highest. Analysis of financial net returns identified selling a June-born yearling steer from the meadow-bred treatment prior to summer grazing as preferred for all but those strongly risk averse; selling a …

June Versus March Calving For The Nebraska Sandhills: Economic Comparisons, Gordon Carriker, Dick Clark, Don C. Adams, Russ Sandberg

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Costs and returns of June and March calving systems were compared at four production phases. Financial costs of the June system were lowest, due primarily to lower costs of producing a weaned calf. Post-weaning financial and economic costs at each phase were nearly identical. Selling June-born steer calves at January weaning would double net returns compared to selling March-born steer calves at October weaning due to lower costs and higher market prices. Net returns for June-born steer calves retained beyond weaning are highest if calves are retained as yearlings and finished. Calves finished as calf-feds provided the highest net returns …

High Moisture And Dry-Rolled High-Oil Corn For Finishing Feedlot Steers, Wanda Cerkoney, Terry L. Mader, Fred Owens

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Finishing steers fed diets containing dry-rolled high-oil corn had a 2.5% reduction in dry matter intake and 4.2% better feed efficiency than steers fed diets containing dry-rolled normal corn. Hot carcass weight, dressing percent, liver abscess score, rib fat thickness, marbling score and yield grade did not differ among treatments. Steers fed high-moisture high-oil corn had larger ribeye area and greater percent kidney, pelvic and heart fat than steers fed high moisture normal corn. No differences in performance or efficiency were detected from substituting high-oil high moisture corn for normal high moisture corn.

Effects Of Feeding Regimen On Performance, Behavior And Body Temperature Of Feedlot Steers, Shane Davis, Terry L. Mader, Wanda Cerkoney

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

One hundred forty-four predominantly Angus x Charolais steers were used to determine effects of different feeding regimens on performance, behavior and tympanic temperatures of steers under environmental heat stress. Steers were assigned to one of three treatments: 1) ad libitum fed at 0800 hr (ADLIB); 2) fed at 1600 hr with bunks slick by 0800 hr (BKMGT); and 3) fed 85% of predicted DMI at 1600 hr (LIMFD). Treatments were imposed for 23 days after which all steers were allowed ad libitum access to feed at 0800 hr. Overall performance was not affected by treatment. Altering feed time and amount …

Phosphorus And Nitrogen-Based Beef Cattle Manure Or Compost Application To Corn, Bahman Eghball

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

This study was conducted to evaluate effects of P and N-based manure and compost applications on corn yield and soil P level. Annual or biennial manure or compost application resulted in corn grain yields similar to those with chemical fertilizer application. P-based manure or compost application resulted in similar corn grain yield but significantly less soil P build-up than N-based treatments. Estimated N availability was 40% for manure and 15% for compost in the first year and was 18% for manure and 8% for compost in the second year after application.

Composting Of Feedlot And Dairy Manure: Compost Characteristics And Impact On Crop Yields, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Walker Luedtke, Mark Schroeder, Charles A. Francis, Gary Lesoing

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Since 1993, approximately 17,600 tons of beef feedlot and dairy compost have been spread on 1,100 acres. Crop yields were measured to determine the impact of a one-time compost application by using no-compost check strips in large-scale production fields. Adding compost to irrigated corn, irrigated soybeans, and dryland corn acres significantly increased yields, with four-year average increases of 2.3, 1.5, and 2.7%, respectively. For all crops measured, the response to compost was greatest the first year following application and declined linearly in subsequent years. The increased yield from compost application offsets spreading costs using average prices for crops.

Impact Of Grazing Corn Stalks In The Spring On Crop Yields, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein, D. J. Jordon, Walker Luedtke, Gary Lesoing

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

A two-year experiment was designed to determine the impact of grazing corn residue during the spring on subsequent soybean yields in a corn-soybean rotation. Tillage treatments consisting of ridge-till, fall-till, spring-till, and no-till were also evaluated to determine if yields could be maintained by alleviating compaction from grazing in the spring. Grazing treatments overall, and specifically in the ridge-till and no-till systems, resulted in increased yields. Residue cover was also more sensitive to changes in tillage rather than grazing; however, both treatments decreased residue cover.

The Effects Of Post-Harvest Time And Temperature On Glycolytic Potential Of Beef Muscle, Dana J. Hanson, Chris R. Calkins

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

The objectives of this study were to determine if post mortem temperature affects extent of glycogen metabolism and if sampling time influences glycolytic potential values in muscle. Beef longissimus muscles entered rigor mortis at two different temperatures and were sampled at 45 minutes post mortem, rigor mortis and 24 hours post mortem to determine the glycolytic potential of the muscle. Post mortem temperature had little effect on the glycolytic potential of beef muscle. Glycolytic potential values from samples removed early post mortem were underestimated when compared to samples taken at 24 hours post mortem.

Compensatory Growth And Slaughter Breakevens Of Yearling Cattle, D. J. Jordon, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Todd Milton, Rob Cooper

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

A two-year summary of growing/ finishing systems indicates that steer calves wintered at 1.5 lb/day had lower slaughter breakeven (P < .05) costs compared to animals wintered at 0.5 lb/day. Additionally, feeding wet corn gluten feed as an energy source to increase winter gains tended (P < .15) to produce slaughter breakevens which were lower than the same winter gains produced by feeding corn. Restricting animal gain over the winter (0.5-1.0 lb/day) resulted in 25-32% compensation on grass compared to controls (1.5 lb/day). Comparison of calf finishing vs. yearling growing/finishing systems showed that steers wintered with a “fast” rate of gain (1.5 lb/day) profited $28.85/head compared to losses by steers wintered with a “slow” rate of gain (0.5 lb/day; $-30.24/head) or calf finishing ($-20.87/head).

Consumer Acceptance And Value Of Strip Steaks Differing In Marbling And Country-Of-Origin, K. M. Killinger, W. J. Umberger, Chris R. Calkins, Kent M. Eskridge, D. Feuz

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Consumers (72.6%) visually preferred low marbled steaks. However, high marbled steaks were rated more juicy, tender and desirable in flavor and overall acceptability than low marbled steaks. Based on auction bids, consumers in Chicago (but not San Francisco) were willing to pay more for high marbled steaks than low marbled steaks. Domestic steaks were rated higher in all sensory attributes than Argentine steaks. Consumers in both locations were willing to pay more for domestic steaks than Argentine steaks. Although most consumers visually prefer low marbled steaks, most consumers find high marbled steaks to be more acceptable in sensory characteristics.

Influence Of Restricted Intake And Reduced Dietary Starch On Colonic Ph And E. Coli Prevalence, Tim Loy, Casey Wilson, Doreen Baily, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Rodney A. Moxley, David R. Smith, Spring Younts

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Ninety feedlot steers were used to test the effects of reducing dietary starch and intake on colonic pH, VFA, total and acid-resistant coliform and E. coli populations, and E. coli O157:H7 shedding. When corn bran and wet corn gluten feed (WCGF), or high moisture corn and WCGF were substituted for dry rolled corn, colonic pH increased while VFA concentration decreased. The corn bran and WCGF diet reduced acid-resistant E. coli shedding. Restricting intake increased colonic pH and decreased VFA concentration, but did not affect acid-resistant E. colishedding. Prevalence of E. coliO157:H7 was not affected by diet or intake.

Implant Programs For Feedlot Heifers Using Synovex® Plus™, Casey Macken, Todd Milton, Bill Dicke, Dave Mcclellan, Frank Prouty

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Two commercial feedyard experiments evaluated implant strategies for feedlot heifers. In both experiments, implanting heifers with Synovex Plus increased ADG compared to heifers implanted with Finaplix-H and fed MGA. In Experiment 1, implanting heifers with Synovex Plus improved feed conversion and increased live basis net returns, and the use of MGA with Synovex Plus increased carcass merit basis net returns and had similar marbling scores compared with Finaplix-H and MGA.

Changes To The Purine Assay Improve Purine Recovery And Assay Precision, Ryan Mass, Kelly Creighton, Terry J. Klopfenstein

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Three experiments tested modifications of the purine assay designed to improve estimation of microbial crude protein supply. In Experiment 1, changing hydrolysis conditions from 12 normal perchloric acid to 2 normal increased purine recovery and lowered the coefficient of variation. In Experiment 2, phosphate buffer yielded greater recovery of purines than acetate buffer and using the extraction solution as a wash was less variable than silver nitrate in .005 molar hydrochloric acid. In Experiment 3, purine nitrogen:total microbial nitrogen ratios for five forages were determined by incubating NDF in situ and analyzing them before and after neutral detergent extraction.

Dietary Conjugated Linoleic Acids (Cla) And Body Fat Changes, Jess L. Miner, Chris Cederberg, Merlyn K. Nielsen, Xiaoli Chen, Clifton Baile

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

A mixture of CLA isomers was fed to mice at 0, 1, and 2% of the diet for 5, 12, or 14 days. Dietary CLA caused a reduction of body fat approaching 50% but did not cause a loss of total body weight. Mice fed CLA also experienced programmed cell death (apoptosis) of fat cells. Certain (not all) CLA isomers are natural components of beef and dairy products but not other foods. Therefore, these observations prompt speculation of an additional health benefit, reduced adiposity — to humans that eat ruminant-derived foods.

The Effect Of Feeding Pressed Sugar Beet Pulp In Beef Cattle Feedlot Finishing Diets, Jessica Park, Ivan G. Rush, Burt Weichenthal, Todd Milton

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

When the two trials were analyzed together, average daily gain was higher in the corn silage treatment compared to the two levels of beet pulp. However, feed to gain conversions between the treatments were not different. Beet pulp can serve as a substitute for corn silage and even though dry matter intake may be slightly affected, feed efficiency will be equal.

Forage Intake And Nutrient Balance Of Heifers Grazing Sandhills Winter Range, Trey Patterson, Don C. Adams, Terry J. Klopfenstein

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Two experiments with pregnant heifers grazing winter range investigated effects of supplementation to meet metabolizable protein versus CP requirements. Supplements were fed from October to February, and hay was fed in January and February of the second experiment. Supplementation to meet metabolizable protein requirements decreased weight loss in one experiment. Winter hay feeding reduced weight loss and body condition loss compared to no hay feeding. Forage intake declined from 2.1% of body weight in November to 1.3% in February. Metabolizable protein was deficient when animals were supplemented to meet CP requirements. Supplementation to meet metabolizable protein requirements may improve performance …

Undegradable Intake Protein Content Of Corn Steep Compared To Soybean Meal, Trey Patterson, Terry J. Klopfenstein, D. J. Jordon, Casey Wilson, Ryan Mass, Rick Stock

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Thirty calves were used in an 84-day growth trial to evaluate protein efficiency of corn steep compared to soybean meal. Calves were individually fed a base diet supplemented with either 1) urea, 2) soybean meal, or 3) corn steep. Soybean meal and corn steep were fed at graded levels replacing urea. In vitro ammonia release analyses showed the protein in both corn steep and soybean meal to be approximately 30% undegradable in the rumen. Calves fed corn steep had similar protein efficiency to calves fed soybean meal, supporting the in vitro data.

Performance And Economics Of Winter Supplementing Pregnant Heifers Based On The Metabolizable Protein System, Trey Patterson, Don C. Adams, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Richard T. Clark, Burke Teichert

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

In 1997-1998 and 1998-99, pregnant, March-calving heifers (2,375 head) at two locations of a ranch in Nebraska were used to evaluate the production and economic responses of winter supplementation (September to February) to meet metabolizable protein or CP requirements. Net present value was used to determine the economic benefits of supplement treatments. In 1997-98, metabolizable protein heifers had higher pregnancy rates and expected profitability than CP heifers at one of two locations. In 1998-99, metabolizable protein heifers had higher pregnancy rates and expected profitability at both locations.

A Diagnostic Strategy To Classify Pens Of Feedlot Cattle By The Prevalence Of Escherichia Coli O157:H7 Fecal Shedding, David R. Smith, Spring Younts, Mark Blackford, Todd Milton, Rodney A. Moxley, Jeff Gray, Laura Hungerford, Terry J. Klopfenstein

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

This study evaluated two pen testing strategies to predict the percentage of cattle in a pen shedding detectable E. coli O157:H7. Culture of a composite fecal sample most accurately detected pens with 37% or more cattle shedding E. coli O157:H7 in feces. A new pen test device most accurately detected pens with 16% or more individuals shedding. The likelihood of detecting E. coli O157:H7 with either method increased as pen prevalence increased. If both pen-level test methods were used together, pens could be classified as high, medium or low prevalence with less labor and expense than testing individual cattle.

The Relationship Of The Characteristics Of Feedlot Pens To The Percentage Of Cattle Shedding Escherichia Coli O157:H7 Within The Pen, David R. Smith, Mark Blackford, Spring Younts, Rodney A. Moxley, Jeff Gray, Laura Hungerford, Todd Milton, Terry J. Klopfenstein

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

This study was designed to discover relationships between characteristics of feedlot pens and the percentage of cattle shedding Escherichia coli O157:H7. Twenty-nine pens from five Midwestern feedlots were each sampled once between June and September, 1999. Feces were collected from all cattle in each pen. E. coli O157:H7 was isolated from the feces of 714 of 3162 cattle tested (23%), including at least one animal from each of the 29 pens. Pen prevalence did not differ between feedyards, but did vary widely within feedyards. Muddy pens were more likely to have a higher pen prevalence than normal pens.

A Comparison Of Beef Cattle Crossbreeding Systems Assuming Value-Based Marketing, U. Jon Tomsen, D. Kirk Darnell, Merlyn K. Nielsen

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

This study simulated total life-cycle expenses and income under value-based marketing to arrive at predicted net returns for crossbreeding systems. The simulation used a deterministic model of totally contained beef breeding systems and evaluated 14 breeds and their crosses from biological data collected at the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center in Nebraska. Comparing beef cattle crossbreeding systems under value-based marketing will aid us in understanding the interactions of the total system. Besides value of carcasses, feed requirements, level of milk production and other characteristics are important in determining net returns.

Fiber Type Composition Of The Beef Chuck And Round, Kevin Kirchofer, Chris R. Calkins

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

The fiber type composition of 38 muscles of the beef chuck and round was studied to facilitate optimal muscle use in value-added products. Select grade chucks and rounds (n=4 each) were used. Muscles containing greater than 40% &#;-red fiber numbers were classified as red; greater than 40%&#;&#;&#;-white were classified as white. All others were classified as intermediate. Nine of 12 round muscles were white, while chuck muscles were equally dispersed between red (10 of 26), intermediate (9 of 26), and white (7 of 26), indicating variation among muscles of the chuck, which may create differences in processing characteristics.

Nitric Oxide Mediated Effect Of Cyclo-Oxygenase Inhibitors, M Mahmood, H S. Zuberi, M K. Ashfaq

Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences

Objectives: Non-Steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) have long been used as anti-inflammatory agents, yet their mode of action is not entirely clear. The inhibitory effects of NSAIDS on prostaglandin production can only partly explain their anti-inflammatory actions. This study was aimed at defining the role of cycl-oxygenase (COX) inhibitors on nitric oxide (NO) production in murine macrophages in vitro.
Methods: Murine macrophages were obtained from the peritoneum and after exposure, in vitro to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) produced nitrite, measured after 24 hours by Griess reaction. The macrophages were pre-incubated with aspirin or indomethacin before activation with LPS.
Results: Treatment with aspirin resulted …