Life Sciences Commons^™

Prediction Of Release Properties Of Silicone Coated Paper Through Analysis Of Coating Particle Size And Distribution, Kent Bartholomew

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Silicone release coatings are gaining in popularity. The use of water-borne emulsions is seeing its way into the production of release coatings as well as pressure sensitive applications.

Thermoset silicone release coatings systems consist of a reactive polymer, a crosslinker, and a catalyst. A condensation reaction takes place to form the low surface energy silicone film which is primarily what gives good release property.

It is believed that an emulsion's stability, and hence quality, can be related to the particle size and distribution.

It was the goal of this study to quantify the relationship between particle size/distribution and release properties …

An Analysis Of The Wash And Flotation Deinking Processes, Brian L. Felgner

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The purpose of this paper is to obtain data, so that we may compare the ability of Floatation vs. Wash deinking to produce a paper of equal standards as the original unprinted base-stock.

It was determined that both flotation and wash deinked stock with the addition of 40% fresh pulp can produce a paper of equal physical and optical properties as the unprinted stock from which it was made.

Floatation deinked stock was found have a higher materials cost, however, it displayed better strength and opacity properties than wash deinked stock. The difference is thought to result from a large …

A Survey Of The Flora And Vegetion Of The Mayville Ledge Beech-Maple Woods State Natural Area, Lawrence A. Leitner

Field Station Bulletins

At least 132 vascular plant species were present in two relatively undisturbed woods in the Mayville Ledge Natural Area. The Plateau Woods was dominated by ironwood (Ostrya virginiana), American beech (Fagus grandifolia), and sugar maple (Acer saccharum), with a Continuum Index of 2535. Red oak (Quercus rubra), basswood (Tilia americana), and sugar maple were the most important trees of the Slope Woods, where the Continuum Index reached 2253. Sugar maple dominated the sapling and seedling layers of both stands. American beech was completely absent from the Slope, while red oak was limited to minor status on the Plateau. The Slope …

Injection Of 2, 4-D To Remove Hardwood Midstory Within Red-Cockaded Woodpecker Colony Areas, Richard N. Conner

Faculty Publications

Red-cockaded woodpecker (Picoides borealis) colonies on the Angelina National Forest were monitored from 1984-1986,after hardwoods on the site had been injected with the herbicide 2, 4-D. The herbicide effectively reduced the hardwood midstory; however, possible toxicity to woodpeckers and cavity tree mortality are problems associated with the use of 2,4-D. Because of its lower toxicity to pines, the herbicide hexazinone is suggested as an alternative to 2,4-D. Use of any herbicide is suggested only as a one-time application to eliminate large hardwoods so that prescribed fire can later be used to control hardwoods in woodpecker colonies.

Spruce Budworm In Maine: The End Of The Outbreak: Biological Conditions In 1986, 1987, And 1988, And A Look At The Future, Henry Trial Jr.

Maine Collection

Spruce Budworm in Maine: The End of the Outbreak: Biological Conditions in 1986, 1987, and 1988, and a Look at the Future

by Henry Trial, Jr., Insect and Disease Management Division

Technical Report No. 28

Maine Forest Service, Dept. of Conservation, Augusta, Maine, October 1989.

Contents: Introduction / Biological Conditions in 1986, 1987, and 1988 / Control Activities / Forest Conditions-1986 to 1988 and a Look at the Future / Spray Operations and Forecast of Conditions in Quebec and New Brunswick, 1986-1988 / The Future of Budworm in the Region and in Maine / List of Figures / List of …

Glover's Silkmoth, Hyalophora Gloveri (Strecker) (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae), New To British Columbia, R. A. Cannings, C. S. Guppy

Aspen Bibliography

Two rather common species of giant silkrnoths of the subfamily Satumiinae (Lepidoptera: Satumiidae) occur in southern British Columbia. Both species, the Polyphemus Moth (Antheraea polyphemus [Cramer]) and the Ceanothus Silkrnoth (Hyalophora euryalis [Bois-duvall) are large and spectacular, and evoke comment from anyone who sees them. Both range northwards to at least the central Cariboo region. Three other striking species of the subfamily occur in the Peace River district of Alberta, but these moths, the Cecropia Moth (Hyalophora cecropia [Linnaeus]), the Columbia Silkmoth (H. columbia [S.L Smith]), and Glover's Silkrnoth (H. gloveri [Strecker l) have never …

Mapping Regional Forest Evapotranspiration And Photosynthesis By Coupling Satellite Data With Ecosystem Simulation, Steven W. Running, Ramakrishna R. Nemani, David L. Peterson, Larry E. Band, Donald F. Potts, Lars E. Pierce, Michael A. Spanner

Forest Management Faculty Publications

Mapping Regional Forest Evapotranspiration and Photosynthesis by Coupling Satellite Data With Ecosystem Simulation

Reduction Of Soil Erosion On Forest Roads, Edward R. Burroughs, Jr., John G. King

USDA Forest Service / UNL Faculty Publications

Results of onsite erosion control work from across the United States provide estimates of the amount of erosion reduction on forest roads from various treatments. Supplementary information includes the effects of slope gradient, soil characteristics, and ground cover. Estimates of sediment travel below fillslopes can be made, together with the combined effect of erosion control treatments of the running surface, road cut, and ditch.

Design Specifications And Requirements Of Paper For Flexographic Printing, Martha L. Stankey

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Flexographic printing is a direct printing from the plate to the paper. This process has been growing during the last few years, especially in the newspaper area. One of the problems in the industry today, however, is the lack of good paper specifications for the flexographic printing process. The objective of this project was to gather samples of good flexographic newsprint, and to test them for paper properties in order to determine a set of paper specifications for flexographic newsprint. Also, lithographic (the predominant printing process in the newspaper industry) newsprint samples were gathered in order to compare between the …

Forage Quality In Burned And Unburned Aspen Communities, N.V. Debyle, P.J. Urness, D.L. Blank

Aspen Bibliography

We assessed the effects of fire on the quality of herbaceous and browse forage for elk (Gervus e/aphus) and domestic sheep in the aspen (Populus tremu/oides) forest type. Selected forage species were sampled on burned and adjacent unburned areas during the summers of the first and second years after autumn prescribed burning of three sites in southeastern Idaho. These samples were analyzed for in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), crude protein, calcium, and phosphorus. This aspen type has a highly nutritious understory irrespective of burning. We found additional improvement in forage quality as a result of prescribed burning. In the …

Red-Cockaded Woodpecker Colony Status And Trends On The Angelina, Davy Crockett And Sabine National Forests, Richard N. Conner, D. Craig Rudolph

Faculty Publications

Abundant hardwood midstory, colony isolation, and habitat fragmentation are believed to be the causes for severe population declines of red-cockaded woodpeckers on three national forests in eastern Texas.

Modeling Forest Dynamics Based On Stand Level Resource Allocation, Geoffrey Candler Poole

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

An ecologically based model of forest succession is presented. In the model, trees compete for a share of limited growth resources available from their environment. Competition is reflected by each tree's effect on the resource pool and is not explicitly modeled. Model parameters were fit to field data from subalpine forests of the Rocky Mountains. A technique for estimating model parameters from understory-tolerance rankings and silvical characteristics of each species is also presented. The model's output was consistent with our current understanding of forest dynamics. Emergent properties of the model also mimicked natural processes such as self-thinning, release, and maximum …

Using Computer Imaging To Assess Visual Impacts Of Forest Insect And Disease Pests, Daniel Rabin

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Forest insect and disease pests alter the appearance of trees, thereby impacting visual resources. Because of the complexity of most forest landscapes, the degree of visual impact of pest-infested forest stands is difficult to quantify.

This paper describes a method of measuring visual impacts of pest-infested forest stands. Photographs of healthy Ponderosa pine trees were entered into a computer video-image-processing system. Using this system, images of trees were altered to simulate different degrees of infestation by limb rust, a forest pathogen.

The altered and unaltered images were shown to groups of observers who rated the scenes in terms of "scenic …

Purple Loosestrife (Lythrum Salicaria L.) In A Southeastern Sedge Meadow, John L. Larson

Field Station Bulletins

Floristic and seed bank composition of a sedge meadow containing purple loosestrife was examined in 1987 and 1988. Eleocharis spp., Spiraea tomentosa, Triadenum vircrinicum, and Lycopus spp. were widespread while infrequent or absent in nearby sedge meadows without purple loosestrife, suggesting that these species have similar microsite requirements. Changes noted in some species over time probably resulted from changes in climatic and soil moisture conditions. The seed bank reflected the dominant herbaceous vegetation but lacked a few species having moderate frequencies in the established vegetation. Limited samples, unsuitable germination conditions in the greenhouse, autumn seed germination by some species and …

A Preliminary Survey Of The Fungi Of Sapa Spruce Bog, Alan D. Parker

Field Station Bulletins

An extensive study of the fungi of Sapa Spruce Bog was started during the summer of 1989. The site was divided into three collecting zones the swamp hardwoods surrounding the bog, the tamrac and black spruce zone, and the central, open sphagnum mat zone. Greatest species diversity has been observed in the swamp hardwoods; many fungi identified from this zone have also been recorded from the Field Station beech/maple woods (Parker, 1987 and 1988). Factors contributing to the greater diversity of fungi in this zone include the composition of leaf litter and humus, the larger amount of downed logs in …

A Discussion On Chaos, Anastasios A. Tsonis

Field Station Bulletins

In this paper I review some of the basis principles of the theory of dynamical systems. I introduce the reader to the definition of chaos and strange attractors and discuss their implications.

Utilizing The Horizontal And Vertical Size Presses For Optimum Two-Sided Color Correction Under Acid And Neutral Conditions, Charles E. Dickens Jr.

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

This Engineering Problem investigates the utilization of the horizontal and vertical size presses for optimum two-sided color correction.

This was accomplished by making paper at the Western Michigan University Pilot Plant Fourdrinier papermachine. Paper was made under an acid system and a neutral system. A red anionic direct dye was added at the wet-end to internally dye the sheet. Color two-sidedness was induced by manipulating and wet-end vacuum elements, as well as the Fourdrinier shake. In addition, the red anionic direct dye that was used is known for it's "topsided" characteristics.

The paper was then surface colored using the size …

The Effect Of Aluminum Species And Cationic Starch On Retention, Kathleen R. Rutledge

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Aluminum sulfate, commonly know as alum, undergoes hydrolysis when placed in water and a variety of aluminum species are produced. The ionic charge of the species is dependent on pH. Research has shown that maximum adsorption occurs in the presence of Al₈ (OH)₂₀⁺⁴. Alum competes with other positively charged particles such as cationic starch for adsorption sites on fibers. Starch charge density and molecular weight govern the extent to which cationic starch adsorbs and bridges to fibers. This project is a study of the influence of cationic starch molecular weight and charge density, and aluminum species …

Electrokinetic Treatment Of Sludge, Matthew G. Kwiatkowski

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Disposal of sludge has become a major issue in the pulp and paper industry because of the decreased space in landfills and the possibility of pollution from the sludge. By increasing the amount of solids in the sludge (dewatering), the sludge could be disposed of using less land or by incineration, composting, or other method. The dewatered sludge is easier to handle also because of its decreased volume. The method of dewatering which was used for the experiment was by electrokinetics. Electrokinetics is the technology of separating solids and liquids from suspensions of finely divided solids or colloidal particles using …

The Role Of Fiber Mechanical Treatment On The Retention Of Cationic Starch, David A. Glass

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Cationic starches possess a positive or cationic charge. Because of this charge, they have found widespread use at the wet end of the papermachines. When applied properly, cationic starches have been found to increase filler and fines retention, improve interfiber bonding, increase pick resistance and reduce BOD in mill effluent. In order to obtain these benefits, it is first important to retain the cationic starch in the sheet.

Several factors have been determined to affect cationic starch retention. These factors include - pH, starch molecular weight, starch charge density, rate of application, retention aid used, furnish type and degree of …

The Effect Of Carboxylation Of Styrene-Butadiene Latex On Binder Migration, Peter James Rudy

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

A literature review was conducted concerning material related to carboxylation of styrene-butadiene latexes, binder migration, and binder migration measurement. Theory showed the process by which styrene and butadiene monomers contribute to make up the polymer chain and the effect of S/B ratio, particle size, crosslinking and carboxylation by vinyl acid addition type, level and location on the chain. Binder migration parameters related to coated surface and base sheet migration were addressed, as was viscosity control to reduce migration. Measurement types including attenuated total reflectance (ATR) using the fourier transform infrared (FTIR) was reviewed.

Based on the literature an experimental procedure …

Optimization Of The Bleached Optical Properties For Southern Pine Sulphonated Thermomechanical Pulp, Steven Thomas Six

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The object of this thesis was to determine if the addition of Anthraquinone to sulphonated CTMP process would increase the optical properties without decreasing the strength properties. Along with the AQ addition, the percent refining done on the fibers was increased to see what effects it would produce on the optical properties.

The pulp used was southern pine and was obtained from American Fibrit Company, Battle Creek, Michigan.

The distinction that sulphonated thermomechanical pulps produce a outstanding material for inexpensive paper such as newsprint has been known for a long time. With the introduction of high brightness newspaper, like USA …

Application Of Image Analysis To Recycled Fiber Characteristics, Evert W. Vanderberg

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The purpose of this thesis was to determine if crimp could be measured in virgin and recycled Kraft softwood. Comparisons of the physical property data and the crimp values were also to be done.

The results for this thesis showed that crimp is not an important property of the softwood used. Because of this the comparisons of data could not be done. More research must be done to determine if the sampling methods that used are valid and if crimp can be found in other fiber types.

The Effects Of Over Drying, Before The Size Press On Strength Properties, William A. Granger

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

This thesis was designed to determine the effects of moisture variations before the size press, and its effects on strength properties. This experiment involved laboratory experimentation along with a paper program pilot plant two day trial.

The results from the laboratory data revealed that an increased moisture content into the size press resulted in an increase in overall strength content for tests including tear, burst, and fold. The pilot plant trial data showed a specific window effect, in that at very low/high moisture levels entering the size press, a significant decrease in strength could be seen.

It was also found …

Research Report No. 24, Hyperstand 1.0: A Hypercard Computer Program For Estimating Yield Of East Texas Pine Plantations, Eric L. Taylor, A. Gordon Holley

Informal Project Reports

A computer program for estimating per ~e yield for lob lolly and slash pine plantations in East Texas is presented. The program, HYPERSTAND 1.0, is written in HYPERCA.RD and 1s designed to run on MACINTOSH computers. In order to run, HYPERSTAND requires the application program HYPERCA.RD l .2.

Furniture Manufacturing And Marketing In The ‘American Economic Transition, Steven H. Bullard

Faculty Publications

The Office of Technology Assessment recently prepared a 500 page report titled Technology and the American Economic Transition, Choices for the Future. OTA sees four major factors that are resulting in "economic transition" factors that will continue to transform the U.S. economy during the next 20 years: new technologies, new challenges from abroad, new resource constraints, and new values and tastes in U.S. consumer and labor markets.

New technologies, particularly in collecting and handling information, are expected to have long-term, pervasive economic and social impacts comparable to past U.S. economic transformations from major technologies such as automobiles and railroads. New …

Site/Stand Factors Influencing Nantucket Pine Tip Moth In Loblolly Pine Plantations, David Kulhavy, W. G. Ross, James R. Meeker, W. David Tracey

Faculty Publications

Tip moth infestation and loblolly pine growth were examined on sandy, loamy and clayey sites in 2-3 year old plantations. Infestations were greatest on loamy sites. Following fertilizer and herbicide applications, tip moth infestations were lowest on fertilized plots following application of phosphorus.

Potential For Biological Control Of Dendroctonus And Ips Bark Beetles, David Kulhavy, Mitchel C. Miller

Faculty Publications

"The evolution of olfactory communication in bade beetles brought with it the parallel or coevolution of kairomonal systems in the natural enemy complexes. Entomophagous insects developed olfactory receptors and behavioral patterns responsive to insect and host-produced volatiles in the ecosystems of bark beetles. The phenomenon has both positive and negative implications for efforts to employ natural enemies in pest management."

Ipps Spp. Natural Enemy Relationships In The Gulf Coastal States, David Kulhavy, R. A. Goyer, M A. Riley

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Height. Growth Of Loblolly And Slash Pine Plantations In The Northern Post-Oak Belt Of Texas, M. Victor Bilan, R.S. Hansen

Faculty Publications

Age accounted for over 70% of the variation in tree height of 1O- to 44- year-old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) and slash (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) plantations established on deep sands, moderate sands, and nonsandy soils in the Northern Post-Oak Belt of Texas. Climatic and edaphic factors, relating either directly or indirectly to the amount of moisture available for tree use, explained up to 17% of height growth variation. Height growth of the plantations was comparable to that of plantations growing in the pine-mixed hardwood forest cover type of East Texas. The Northern Post-Oak Belt of Texas is an area …