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1986

Animal Sciences

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Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences

Effects Of Monensin And Sodium Propionate On Net Nutrient Absorption In Steers Fed High-Grain Diets, D.L. Harmon, T.B. Avery Jan 1986

Effects Of Monensin And Sodium Propionate On Net Nutrient Absorption In Steers Fed High-Grain Diets, D.L. Harmon, T.B. Avery

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Adding either monensin or sodium propionate alone or in combination to the diet of steers fed high-grain diets resulted in increased net absorption of glucose. Monensin reduced ammonia output and gut uptake of urea. We propose that increased propionate availability reduces the utilization of glucose by gut tissues. allowing more glucose to reach the portal system. These changes may contribute to the increased feed efficiency seen when monensin is fed.

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1986 Agricultural Research, Southeast Kansas Branch Station, L. W. Lomas, K. W. Kelley, G. M. Paulsen, J. L. Moyer, D. W. Sweeney Jan 1986

1986 Agricultural Research, Southeast Kansas Branch Station, L. W. Lomas, K. W. Kelley, G. M. Paulsen, J. L. Moyer, D. W. Sweeney

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Research on crops, beef cattle, and related topics at the Southeast Kansas Branch Station.

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Flushing Affects Secretion Of The Hormones Controlling Reproduction (1986), M T. Rhodes, J Ernest Minton, Jeffrey S. Stevenson, Duane L. Davis Jan 1986

Flushing Affects Secretion Of The Hormones Controlling Reproduction (1986), M T. Rhodes, J Ernest Minton, Jeffrey S. Stevenson, Duane L. Davis

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Nineteen gilts were assigned to receive either 0 or 15 mg altrenogest/day for 14 consecutive days. On the day corresponding to the last altrenogest treatment, gilts not fed altrenogest were injected twice (morning and evening) with prostaglandin F2 a to ensure regression of their corpora lutea. From the ninth day of altrenogest treatment until estrus, one-half of each altrenogest group was offered an additional 3.4 lb of ground sorghum grain (flush). Serial blood samples were collected for a 4-h period each day from day 1 through day 4 (last altrenogest or prostaglandin F a treatment was day 0) and analyzed …

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Cow Size And Milk Level: Results Of A Simulation Program, R.R. Schalles, R.M. Bourdon Jan 1986

Cow Size And Milk Level: Results Of A Simulation Program, R.R. Schalles, R.M. Bourdon

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A simulation program was used to evaluate nine genotypes of cattle based on, cow size and milk production. Return per cow unit using current economics is given. The larger, heavy milking cows were more than twice as profitable on a ranch basis than the small, low milking cows.

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Effect Of Variety, Location, And Irrigation On Selected Criteria For Evaluating Wheat As A Feed For Ruminants, G. Goldy, Andrew William Lenssen, T. Walters, Jack G. Riley, Gerry L. Posler Jan 1986

Effect Of Variety, Location, And Irrigation On Selected Criteria For Evaluating Wheat As A Feed For Ruminants, G. Goldy, Andrew William Lenssen, T. Walters, Jack G. Riley, Gerry L. Posler

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

There were no significant differences in in vitro digestibility between wheat varieties, but there was a trend for differences due to locations. Location differences were much wider for test weight, 1000 kernel weight, hardness score and crude protein level than variety differences. Wheat from irrigated plots had higher grain yields and crude protein content, but lower test weights, 1000 kernel weight, and hardness values than wheat from fallow plots at the same location. There were no differences in digestibilites between fallow and irrigated wheat.

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Influence Of Ionophore Addition To High-Grain Diets On Net Nutrient Absorption, D.L. Harmon, T.B. Avery Jan 1986

Influence Of Ionophore Addition To High-Grain Diets On Net Nutrient Absorption, D.L. Harmon, T.B. Avery

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Adding ionophores to a high grain diet increased glucose absorption and decreased the transport of urea back into the gut. These changes are consistent with the antibiotic effects of these compounds. Decreased microbial activity in the gut and shifts in the pattern of absorbed nutrients may help explain the improvements in feed efficiency seen with ionophore addition.

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Effect Of Inoculants On The Fermentation Of Wheat, Alfalfa, And Sorghum Silages, K. Bolsen, R. Smith, H. Ilg, Daniel Y.C. Fung Jan 1986

Effect Of Inoculants On The Fermentation Of Wheat, Alfalfa, And Sorghum Silages, K. Bolsen, R. Smith, H. Ilg, Daniel Y.C. Fung

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Results from three laboratory silo experiments showed that four commercial silage inoculants increased fermentation rate, particularly during the first 4 days of the ensiling process. The effects of the additives on pH drop and lactic acid production were greater in wheat and alfalfa than in forage sorghum.

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Effect Of Salinomycin On Performance Of Grazing Stocker Heifers, Lyle W. Lomas Jan 1986

Effect Of Salinomycin On Performance Of Grazing Stocker Heifers, Lyle W. Lomas

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The effect of feeding 0, 25, 50, 100, or 150 mg of salinomycin per head daily on performance of stocker heifers grazing smooth bromegrass pasture was evaluated in a 126-day trial. Feeding 100 or 150 mg of salinomycin per head daily produced the fastest gain.

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Bovatec® Vs. Rumensin® Fed In Free-Choice Mineral-Grain Mixtures On Early Intensively Grazed, Native Grass, F. Brazle, Gerry L. Kuhl Jan 1986

Bovatec® Vs. Rumensin® Fed In Free-Choice Mineral-Grain Mixtures On Early Intensively Grazed, Native Grass, F. Brazle, Gerry L. Kuhl

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The performance of grazing heifers offered a free-choice mineral or two mineral-grain-ionophore mixtures was evaluated in 3-year study. Heifers ate more of the supplement containing Bovatec® than that containing Rumensin® (P<.05). Heifers fed Bovatec® gained faster (P<.10) than those fed Rumensin® or the control mineral mixture.

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Effect Of Sodium Bicarbonate And Sodium Bentonite On Digestion And Ruminal Fermentation Of Forage Sorghum Silage-Based Rations Fed To Growing Steers, K. Jacques, D. Axe, T. Harris, D. Harmon, K. Bolsen Jan 1986

Effect Of Sodium Bicarbonate And Sodium Bentonite On Digestion And Ruminal Fermentation Of Forage Sorghum Silage-Based Rations Fed To Growing Steers, K. Jacques, D. Axe, T. Harris, D. Harmon, K. Bolsen

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

One percent sodium bicarbonate increased intake of a 50% silage-50% grain ration, but had no effect on intake of an 84% sorghum silage ration. Adding concentrate (rolled sorghum grain) lowered rumen pH slightly and decreased acid detergent fiber and starch digestion. The bicarbonate had no effect on digestibility, but 2% bentonite lowered digestibility of neutral and acid detergent fiber. Neither compound affected ruminal fermentation characteristics.

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Milk Flavor Quality On The Farm (1986), H.A. Roberts Jan 1986

Milk Flavor Quality On The Farm (1986), H.A. Roberts

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Milk consumption is influenced by the quality and flavor of the milk a person drinks. Today the consumer evaluates milk solely on its taste and keeping quality. Since the flavor of milk cannot be improved after it leaves the dairy farm, it is of the utmost importance to produce milk with the best flavor quality possible. Milk is a highly perishable food and must be produced under conditions that will ensure keeping quality. Generally speaking, dairymen are doing a good job of producing high quality milk but we need to be aware that problems may occur with feeding, cow health, …

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Availability Of Calcium In Dairy And Other Human Foods (1986), I.J. Jeon Jan 1986

Availability Of Calcium In Dairy And Other Human Foods (1986), I.J. Jeon

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

In 1985 the annual sales of dairy products on the average grew 3.3%, and is expected to grow 6.4% in 1986, according to the U.S. Department of Commerce. This positive growth was attributed in part to increased consumer awareness on the reported role of calcium in combating hypertension (high blood pressure) and osteoporosis (a brittle bone disease common in older women). A recent report suggested that many consumers are seeing the publicity that many cases of hypertension may be the result of too little calcium intake, not too much sodium. Consumers are also well aware that a calcium-deficient diet can …

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Bypass Protein-Theory And Concept (1986), D.L. Harmon, Tiruvoor G. Nagaraja Jan 1986

Bypass Protein-Theory And Concept (1986), D.L. Harmon, Tiruvoor G. Nagaraja

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The ruminant animal has the unique advantage of microbial digestion in the rumen. This relationship between host animal and microbial population presents some unique advantages and disadvantages to the animal in terms of using dietary nutrients. The greatest advantage, obviously, is the utilization of dietary fiber. The microbes digest these feedstuffs and derive energy for their growth and maintenance while producing volatile fatty acids for the energy needs of the host animal. Other important products of this microbial digestion are the microbes themselves. They supply the major portion of the animal's protein needs as microbial protein. However, it is inefficient …

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Milk Progesterone Kits: On-Farm Use (1986), Jeffrey S. Stevenson, Edward P. Call Jan 1986

Milk Progesterone Kits: On-Farm Use (1986), Jeffrey S. Stevenson, Edward P. Call

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Diagnosing pregnancy in dairy cattle is an essential part of good management. The objective of this procedure is not to identify pregnant cows, but to identify the nonpregnant cows, those that become the breeding challenge. Economics dictate that verifying the pregnancy or "open" status of the cow is essential. Estimated losses of $1 to $3 per cow per day when conception is delayed beyond 85 days postpartum emphasize the importance of inseminating cows early to allow for 12 to 13-month calving intervals. A number of diagnostic tools are available and increasing scientific knowledge and technology will provide for improved pregnancy …

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Effects Of Farm Origin And Respiratory Disease On Pig Performance (1986), W H. Turlington, P F. Maxson, G L. Allee, S Potter, Jim L. Nelssen Jan 1986

Effects Of Farm Origin And Respiratory Disease On Pig Performance (1986), W H. Turlington, P F. Maxson, G L. Allee, S Potter, Jim L. Nelssen

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Slaughter checks were conducted on 392 pigs from 9 producers to evaluate factors affecting pig performance, based on the age of the pig and its health status. Among herds, weight per day of age ranged from 1.07 to 1.32 lb/day, whereas days to 230 lb varied from 172 to 214 days. Based on statistical analysis, differences among farms accounted for 40% of the total variation in pig performance, whereas respiratory disease accounted for 20%. From our data, it was concluded that management is the major factor controlling pig performance, yet the health status of the animal is also a contributing …

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Supplementing Day-Old Pigs With Bovine Colostrum Or Milk Replacer (1986), C Bandyk, Robert H. Hines Jan 1986

Supplementing Day-Old Pigs With Bovine Colostrum Or Milk Replacer (1986), C Bandyk, Robert H. Hines

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Seventy-five litters of newborn pigs from gilts were given either 20 cc of bovine colostrum or 20 cc of milk replacer through a stomach tube, and their weaning weight, scouring, and survival were compared with those of newborn pigs that were not treated. Results were broken down by birth weight groups: small-less than 2.3 lb.; medium-2.3 to 2.9 lbs.; large-3.0 lbs. and over. No significant differences in weaning weights were observed from treatment. Nontreated pigs tended to scour more than pigs treated with bovine colostrum but this difference was not statistically significant, partly because of the variation in the incidence …

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The Effects Of Additional Niacin During Gestation And Lactation On Sow And Litter Performance (1986), R C. Thaler, L M. Turlington, G L. Allee, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen Jan 1986

The Effects Of Additional Niacin During Gestation And Lactation On Sow And Litter Performance (1986), R C. Thaler, L M. Turlington, G L. Allee, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Sixty first-litter sows were utilized to evaluate the effects of additional niacin on sow and litter performance through two parities. The control diet provided sows with 50 mg niacin daily during gestation and 100 mg niacin daily during lactation. Dietary treatments were formulated to provide sows with either 5 or 10 times the level of supplemental niacin in the control diet. Litter size was equalized within dietary treatment by 24 hr after farrowing. During the first parity, sows fed additional niacin tended to have fewer total pigs born and pigs born alive (linear effect of niacin P<.10). In addition, sows fed additional niacin had fewer pigs equalized/litter (linear P(.05 and quadratic P<.06 effect of niacin), but tended to wean more pigs/litter and had a 6% greater pig survival rate than those fed the control diet. Average pig birth wt increased linearly (P<.05) as level of added niacin increased. Also, average pig wt and Litter wt at weaning were numerically higher for sows fed additional niacin during lactation. Sows fed the 250/500 mg/d niacin gestation-lactation sequence had more backfat on d 108 of gestation (quadratic effect of niacin, P<.05), but also lost more backfat during lactation (quadratic effect of niacin, P<.05).; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 20, 1986

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Best Weight To Market Hogs? (1986), Robert H. Hines Jan 1986

Best Weight To Market Hogs? (1986), Robert H. Hines

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

One of the important, recurring decisions that each hog producer must make is the weight at which to sell hogs. The decision to sell hogs may be influenced by cost and availability of feed, anticipated market hog price changes, weather conditions, overcrowding or need for facilities, or the need for cash for unpaid bills. All of these factors play an intricate role in the decision to market; however, the choice of when to sell may also influence production costs, price received, and carcass quality.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 20, 1986

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Evaluation Of Soybean Oil Additions In Starter Pig Diets (1986), R C. Thaler, M E. Johnston, G L. Allee, Jim L. Nelssen, Robert D. Goodband Jan 1986

Evaluation Of Soybean Oil Additions In Starter Pig Diets (1986), R C. Thaler, M E. Johnston, G L. Allee, Jim L. Nelssen, Robert D. Goodband

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two trials involving 420 weanling pigs (21+3 d) were conducted to determine the effects of additions of soybean oil (SO) on starter pig performance. Soybean oil additions of either 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5% were made to the 1.25% lysine corn-soybean meal-dried whey basaI diet. In each trial, there were 7 pigs/pen and 5 replications. Data from the two trials were pooled except for feed efficiency (F/G) at 2-weeks, where a trial x treatment interaction existed. Average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) were not affected by SO additions at 2 weeks but gains were …

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The Effects Of Particle Size And Dried Whey Level In Barley Diets For Starter-Pigs (1986), Robert D. Goodband, Robert H. Hines Jan 1986

The Effects Of Particle Size And Dried Whey Level In Barley Diets For Starter-Pigs (1986), Robert D. Goodband, Robert H. Hines

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Three hundred and thirty-six weanling pigs were utilized in two, 3 X 2 factorial design experiments to determine the effects of whey level (0, 10 or 20%) and particle size (1/8 or 3/16-in screen size) in barley diets on starter-pig performance. Grinding barley through a 1/8-in screen decreased the mean particle size of the diet compared to diets made up of barley ground through a 3/16-in screen. Average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) increased linearly (P<.01) as whey level increased. Pigs fed diets containing 1/8-in ground barley were more efficient (P<.02) than those fed diets containing 3/16-in ground barley. However, pigs fed a 20% dried whey-milo-soybean meal control diet grew faster (P<.05) than those fed any of the barley starter diets. In these experiments, the relative feeding value of 20% dried whey-barley starter diet was 94-97% that of the 20'% dried whey-milo diet. Also, these results indicate that increasing levels of dried whey improves ADG and ADFI of pigs fed barley-based starter diets, and decreasing particle size of the diet improves feed efficiency.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 20, 1986

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Testicular Development And Endocrine Function In Boars Fed Altrenogest (1986), E F. Kluber Iii, J Ernest Minton, Jeffrey S. Stevenson, Duane L. Davis Jan 1986

Testicular Development And Endocrine Function In Boars Fed Altrenogest (1986), E F. Kluber Iii, J Ernest Minton, Jeffrey S. Stevenson, Duane L. Davis

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Crossbred male pigs were used to evaluate the influence of a synthetic progestogen on reproductive development. Concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone in blood serum were reduced while boars were being fed altrenogest (15 to 21 wk of age). At 25 wk of age (4 wk after withdrawal from altrenogest), weights of the testes and accessory reproductive glands and testicular content of sperm were reduced in boars that had been fed altrenogest. However, testicular weight and content of sperm had returned to control values following 12 wk after withdrawal from altrenogest. In addition, concentration of LH and testosterone in …

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Confinement And Type Of Penning Affects The Interval To Estrus And Synchrony Of Estrus In Gilts After Altrenogest (1986), Duane L. Davis, Jeffrey S. Stevenson Jan 1986

Confinement And Type Of Penning Affects The Interval To Estrus And Synchrony Of Estrus In Gilts After Altrenogest (1986), Duane L. Davis, Jeffrey S. Stevenson

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

We compared the effects of outside vs inside and individual vs group penning on the interval to estrus after synchronization of estrus with altrenogest. Altrenogest (15 mg/day) was fed for 14 days and penning treatments were initiated after the last altrenogest treatment. All groups were exposed to a boar (2 hr/day) for 3 days, beginning the day after last altrenogest, and then twice daily estrous detection was initiated. Outside penning shortened the interval to estrus after altrenogest. Synchrony of estrus was not affected by treatment but there was a tendency for gilts penned outside to exhibit estrus more synchronously.; Swine …

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High Nutrient-Density Diets For Weanling Pigs (1986), Jim L. Nelssen Jan 1986

High Nutrient-Density Diets For Weanling Pigs (1986), Jim L. Nelssen

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The increased occurrence of early weaning (4 weeks of age or less) of pigs has resulted in increased problems with a postweaning "lag" in many commercial swine units. The nursery is the weak link of most commercial swine operations. Attention to management factors that affect environment, health, and nutrition is the key to production success with early weaning. During the last decade, major research efforts have been expended by several universities to find nutritional programs to support satisfactory postweaning performance with early-weaned pigs. Ironically, many of the pigs used in these university trials were 4 weeks of age and weighed …

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Effects Of Compudose® Implants From Birth To Slaughter On Carcass And Meat Traits Of Young Bulls And Steers, T.D. Hopkins, Michael E. Dikeman Jan 1986

Effects Of Compudose® Implants From Birth To Slaughter On Carcass And Meat Traits Of Young Bulls And Steers, T.D. Hopkins, Michael E. Dikeman

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Implanting young bulls with Compudose® three times from birth to slaughter resulted in performance similar to that of nonimplanted bulls, but decreased masculinity development. Implanted bulls tended to have higher marbling scores, more tender meat, more youthful carcasses, and lighter lean color than nonimplanted bulls. Although both implanted and nonimplanted bulls were more efficient and gained faster in the feedlot than implanted steers, the steers showed very little carcass masculinity and had finer-textured lean. Implanted steers had more youthful carcasses and lower Warner-Bratzler shear values than nonimplanted bulls. However, nonimplanted bulls grew faster, were more efficient, had larger ribeyes and …

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Methods Of Tenderization For Value-Added, Hot-Boned, Restructured, Pre-Cooked Roasts From Cows, H.A. Flores, Donald H. Kropf, Melvin C. Hunt, Curtis L. Kastner Jan 1986

Methods Of Tenderization For Value-Added, Hot-Boned, Restructured, Pre-Cooked Roasts From Cows, H.A. Flores, Donald H. Kropf, Melvin C. Hunt, Curtis L. Kastner

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Restructured, pre-cooked roasts were prepared from four hot-boned USDA Utility grade cow carcasses. Before forming the roasts, meat was either blade tenderized, manually trimmed of large connective tissue deposits, or both blade tenderized and trimmed. Control roasts received neither treatment. Although trimming minimized the negative effects of connective tissue, blade tenderization was frequently as effective, and sometimes superior, and minimized the high labor costs and shrink losses associated with manual trimming.

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Reproductive Performance Of Angus X Hereford And Brahman X Hereford Heifers Fed To Prebeeding Target Weights, D.J. Patterson, L.R. Corah, D.D. Simms, J.R. Brethour, W.R. Negus Jan 1986

Reproductive Performance Of Angus X Hereford And Brahman X Hereford Heifers Fed To Prebeeding Target Weights, D.J. Patterson, L.R. Corah, D.D. Simms, J.R. Brethour, W.R. Negus

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Heifer development as effected by nutrition was evaluated in 148 F Angus x Hereford (A x H) and 148 F Brahman x Hereford (B x H) heifers. Heifers within each breed cross were assigned to one of two energy levels and weight groups. Heifers on the low and high energy-level diets were fed to reach 55 or 65%, respectively, of their projected mature body weights by the start of spring breeding. A higher (P<.05) percentage of A x H heifers had reached puberty by the start of spring breeding; however, their average age at puberty was greater (P<.05) than that of B x H heifers. Weight at puberty, for heifers that cycled prior to the start of spring breeding, did not differ between breed groups. Weight of heifers at puberty was greater with the high-energy than with the low-energy diets. Prebreeding body condition scores of heifers on the two energy levels differed (P<.05) more among the A x H females. The A x H heifers had higher (P<.05) fall pregnancy rates than the B x H heifers (89.2 vs 71.9%). Energy level has no significant effect on fall pregnancy rate of A x H heifers, but B x H heifers on the high-energy level had a higher (P<.05) pregnancy rate than those on the low-energy diet.

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Survey Of Northwest Kansas Cow-Calf Producers, D.D. Simms, G. Boyd, L.R. Corah Jan 1986

Survey Of Northwest Kansas Cow-Calf Producers, D.D. Simms, G. Boyd, L.R. Corah

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

An in-depth survey of reproductive performance and management practice was conducted on 160 cow/calf operations in Northwest Kansas.

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Effects Of Castration, Dehorning, Frame Size, And Gut Fill On The Long-Term Performance Of Feeder Calves, F.K. Brazle, R.R. Schalles Jan 1986

Effects Of Castration, Dehorning, Frame Size, And Gut Fill On The Long-Term Performance Of Feeder Calves, F.K. Brazle, R.R. Schalles

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

In two experiments, calves purchased as steers gained substantially faster than calves purchased as bulls and then castrated, during both the starting period and the subsequent growing period. Large-framed calves gained .22 lb per day faster, and small-framed calves .21 lb per day slower, than medium-framed calves. Cattle appearing gaunt at the start of the trial gained 1.33 lb per day less than those with average gut fill.

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Aborting Feedlot Heifers With Alfavet® Or Bovilene®, S. Laudert, G. Boyd, Gerry L. Kuhl Jan 1986

Aborting Feedlot Heifers With Alfavet® Or Bovilene®, S. Laudert, G. Boyd, Gerry L. Kuhl

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Alfavet® (alfaprostol), an experimental prostaglandin analog for inducing abortion in feedlot heifers, was evaluated for efficacy. Abortion was induced within 8 days following injection of 5 mg alfaprostol in 45 of 51 heifers (88.2%) ranging from 40 to 150 days in gestation. Bovilene® (fenprostalene), injected at 1 mg per head resulted in abortion in 45 of 49 heifers (91.8%) of similar pregnancy status. Both products were 95-100% effective from 40 to 120 days of pregnancy, but only 75% effective from 121 to 150 days.

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Effect Of Various Dosages Of Ralgro® In The Suckling Period On Weight Gain During The Growing Period, D.D. Simms, G. Boyd, James J. Higgins Jan 1986

Effect Of Various Dosages Of Ralgro® In The Suckling Period On Weight Gain During The Growing Period, D.D. Simms, G. Boyd, James J. Higgins

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

We studied how implanting with various dosages of Ralgro® during the suckling period affected gains in the growing period. Preweaning performance was reported in the 1985 Cattlemen's Day Report. All calves, regardless of suckling period treatment, received 36 mg Ralgro® at the start of the growing period. Average daily gains during the growing period were similar for all treatments. Consequently, the added weight obtained from the suckling-period implants was still present at the end of the growing period.

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