Life Sciences Commons^™

Cinemicrography Of Selected Parasites Of Fishes And Of Free-Living Stages Of Haemonchus Contortus, Stephen Homer Hilton

Theses and Dissertations

Two 16 mm color films were made to help fill a general need for instructional motion pictures in the area of Parasitology. One film "Haemonchus contortus, a Sheep Stomach Worm," deals with a nematode parasite of sheep, showing all stages of its external development and including a time-lapse sequence of the embryonation of the egg. The other film, "Some Parasites of Freshwater Fishes," shows six parasites; Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, Cotylurus erraticus, Dactylogyrus sp., Lernaea cyprinacea, Trichodina sp., and Diplostomum spathaceum for the first time in motion pictures. The films were photographed through a Wild dissecting scope and a Reichert Universal Camera …

Activity Of A Dipodomys Ordii Population Using Recapture Methods, James R. Garcia

Theses and Dissertations

Activity curves for Dipodomys ordii were developed from data obtained from a study utilizing an electrically monitored trapping grid. The curves for non-perturbated populations showed an initial post-dusk peak, followed by increasing activity and a large pre-dawn peak; but after ten dominant animals had been removed, the largest activity peak was post-dusk. Differences in activity patterns were not found among sex, age or reproductive classes. Rising ambient temperatures, falling barometric pressures, winds over 3.2 km/hr and the absence of the moon depressed capture numbers; while increasing humidity (relative and absolute), decreasing soil temperatures at 20 and 40 cm below ground …

The Effects Of Highway Construction On The Fish Populations In The Weber River Near Henefer, Summit County, Utah, Edward James Peters

Theses and Dissertations

Alterations of streams to facilitate highway construction and consumptive water use has become a fisheries management problem. To evaluate the effects of channeling concomitant to construction of Interstate 80 N. near Henefer, Utah, altered and unaltered sections of the Weber River were compared on the basis of fishes censused, population estimates and ordinations. Species compositions in particular areas were influenced by local rheologic conditions. Changes in species composition between samplings at a particular area were caused by fish movements. Data from altered sections, rehabilitated with deflectors and checkdams, were not noticeably different than data from unaltered areas. However, fish movements …

The Genus Hedysarum In North America, Terry Edwin Northstrom

Theses and Dissertations

In North America, Hedysarum taxa extend from southern Arizona to Banks Island and from northern Alaska to Newfoundland. They exhibit a high degree of polymorphism which is usually expressed in the form of a gradient in morphological characteristics. Four species, one subspecies and four varieties are recognized, including one new combination, H. boreale ssp. boreale var. rivulare (Williams) Northstrom. Comparative anatomical and morphological studies revealed two basic patterns. Chromosome numbers of all taxa were determined. The basic chromosome number of H. alpinum, H. sulphurescens and H. occidentale is n=7. The basic chromosome number of H. boreale is n=8. Seed protein …

The Population Dynamics Of Tanypus Stellatus Coquillett (Diptera: Chironomidae) In Goshen Bay Of Utah Lake, Dennis Kenji Shiozawa

Theses and Dissertations

The population dynamics of Tanypus stellatus in Goshen Bay of Utah Lake was investigated from July 18, 1973, to August 5, 1974. Samples were collected from three stations with an Ekman grab and a K-B corer. The samples were washed in a 110 micron nitex screen and then floated in a sucrose solution. The K-B core was used to determine the vertical distribution of Tanypus stellatus. Ninety-six percent of the Tanypus stellatus larvae are located in the top five centimeters; 99 percent are less than ten centimeters deep. The Ekman grab was used to study the population dynamics of the …

A Revision Of The Astragalus Lentiginosus Complex For The State Of Utah, Carol Susan Schoener

Theses and Dissertations

The taxonomy and distribution of the Astragalus lentiginosus complex in Utah is presented. The nine varieties are listed and a key is provided which allows determination of the members of the complex in Utah. Each entity is discussed and illustrated. Two distribtuion maps are included for each variety, one showing the distribution in Utah and the other, the general range of the entity. The body of this work is based on the study of herbarium specimens and field observations and collection. These studies have resulted in the synonymizing of two varieties, the inclusion of another and one nomenclatural change.

Biology Of Northern Bald Eagles (Haliaeetus Leucocephalus Alascanus) On Amchitka Island, Alaska, Steven K. Sherrod

Theses and Dissertations

Bald Eagles on Amchitka Island, Alaska, were studied from 1969-1972. From 1970-1972 the population averaged 214.6 eagles. The average ration was 66% adults to 34% subadults. The eagles move to and from the island in relation to significant food sources (especially the garbage dump). An increase in active nests occurred from 1969-1972 due to an increase in food. The average percentage of nests containing young from 1970-1972 was 71.28%. During these three years, the average number of young known in a nest per nesting attempt was 1.24, and the average number of young known in a nest per nest containing …

The Spatial Distribution Of The Nests Of The Black-Crowned Night Heron (Nycticorax Nycticorax) And The Snowy Egret (Leucophoyx Thula) In Central Utah, Randall S. Isham

Theses and Dissertations

Nests of the Black-crowned Night Heron and the Snowy Egret were examined in five central Utah colonies in 1973 to determine the spatial distribution within the colony. Nest locations of the 1085 nests of the two species were plotted to the nearest foot with an alidade and plane table. Tests of randomness, clump size, association, segregation, and T distribution were utilized. No differences between species were noted for the distance to the nearest and the next nearest nest. The Night Heron nested closer to other Night Herons and more often than did the Snowy Egret which non-significantly selected either species …

The Benthic Communities Of The Eastern Rocky Shore Areas Of Goshen Bay, Utah Lake, Thomas Whitney Toole

Theses and Dissertations

Information about the benthic macroinvertebrate populations along the eastern shore of Goshen Bay, Utah Lake, Utah, can be used, in part, to determine future management of the lake. In the project herein reported, cement artificial substrate samplers were used to sample two types of substrate: rubble and compacted calcareous tufa. Monthly samples were obtained from each type of substrate from March 1972 to May 1973. An amphipod, Hyalela azteca and a chironomid, Dicrotendipes fumidus were the dominant organisms in numbers and tiomass. Amphipod numbers were dependent upon the amount of algal standing crop. Elimination of this area could affect the …

Biological Studies On Cryptobia Atraria Sp.N. (Kinetoplastida: Cryptobiidae) In Fishes From The Sevier River Drainage, Utah, J. Stephen Cranney

Theses and Dissertations

Fish culture for both food and sport utilization has been greatly increasing throughout the world. The editor of Fish Farming Industries (1973) predicted an increase by 1977 in the United States of 83% for catfish producers, 49% for trout farmers, and 91% for bait dealers. Concomitant with the renewed interest in fish culture has been a corresponding need to further understand fish diseases.

Some Aspects Of Vegetation Response To A Moisture Gradient On An Ephemeral Stream In Central Arizona, Deborah Ann Bloss

Theses and Dissertations

Ecological aspects of desert vegetation in relation to a moisture gradient of an ephemeral stream in central Arizona were investigated. The stream channel, flood plain and north, west, south, east facing slopes represent a moisture gradient going from most mesic to most xeric conditions. In parts of the system, vegetation from the stream channel intergraded into flood plain vegetation which in turn intergraded into slope vegetation types. In other areas there are sharp delineations between stream channel and flood plain, and between flood plain and slope. Trees and legumes preferred medium moisture habitats, while forbs, shrubs and succulents preferred the …

Biochemical Parameters Of Hereditary Chondrodysplasia In Mice, Trent D. Stephens

Theses and Dissertations

Cartilage from newborn mice homozygous for chondrodysplasia contains normal quantities of protein and chondroitin sulfate. Mutant fetal cartilage incorporates normal amounts of sulfate, glucose, and glucosamine. Overnight rinsing with water removes about 25% of the incorporated sulfur and existing uronic acid from mutant ribs and about 55% from mutant limbs. Control ribs and limbs are affected very little by such a rinse. The diffusability of chondroitin sulfate (represented by incorporated sulfur and uronic acid) may be due to a lack of covalent bond formation between chondroitin sulfate and collagen.

The Effects Of Temperature On The Oocysts Of Isospora Canis, Ray Loveless

Theses and Dissertations

Oocysts of Isospora canis, an important protozoan parasite of dogs, must sporulate in the external environment in order to become infective. To determine the tolerance of these oocysts to different temperatures, oocysts ware collected from freshly passed feces, cleaned, and subsequently stored in unsporulated, partially sporulated, and completely sporulated conditions at temperatures ranging from +50 C to -50 C. Observations on survival for each group were determined periodically thereafter at intervals up to 64 days. The rate of sporulation was followed at 6 hr intervals for temperatures of 20, 25, 30, and 38 C. Completely sporulated oocysts ware more resistant …

High School Students Achievement Of College Level Work Through The Phase Achievement System (Pas), Dwight D. Lassen

Theses and Dissertations

Senior high school students in a Human Biology course were given college level work through the Phase Achievement System (PAS), a biology course at Brigham Young University (BYU). Statistical analysis showed significant growth in high school student learning through the PAS. When ability to work with PAS was measured, significant differences between the high school and college groups were not evident. A high percentage of college and high school students dropped out of the PAS, probably becasue students could fail at the PAS without experiencing academic failure.

Metabolism Of 3-Isopropyl-4h-2,1,3-Benzothiadiazin-4-(3h)-One-2,2-Dioxide (Bentazon) In Agitated And Non-Agitated Sediment, David Cortez Gutierrez

Theses and Dissertations

Bentazon, (3-isopropyl-1H-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-4(3H)-l-2,2-dioxide) a new experimental herbicide, was studied under the effects of sterile and non-sterile conditions, 12 hours light: 12 hours dark and totally dark conditions, and agitated and non-agitated conditions in aquatic sediment. The effects of the different levels of BOD/COD values on the decomposition of Bentazon were studied. Photoperiod, sterility, and BOD/COD levels appeared to have no influence in the breakdown of Bentazon. Agitation-time interaction appeared to be the only factor that influenced the more rapid degradation of Bentazon. Bentazon was the major 14C-residue found in the water; it was followed by an unknown. The third major metabolite …

Absorption Of Caffeine Through Isolated Rat Small Intestine, William James Hatch

Theses and Dissertations

Intestines of fifty-six albino rats of the Holtzman strain were removed and perfused with Krebs bicarbonate buffered solutions containing caffeine. After one hour of absorbtion, caffeine was extracted from the serosal fluids in chloroform and concentrations were determined spectrophotometrically. It was found that all portions of the small intestine transported caffeine against a concentration gradient. This transport mechanism demonstrated saturation kinetics and was inhibited by ouabain. It was concluded that the movement of caffeine from the mucosa to the serosa of the small intestine cannot be the result of simple diffusion. Possible mechanisms by which the absorption of caffeine takes …

A Taxonomic And Ecologic Study Of The Riverbottom Forest On St. Mary River, Lee Creek And Belly River In Southwest Alberta, Canada, Robert Keith Shaw

Theses and Dissertations

The riverbottom forest community of St. Mary River, Lee Creek and Belly River in southwest Alberta, Canada is a unique ecological entity characterized by poplar species having their major Alberta distribution along these streams. Stands in the community are dominated by three tree species, six shrub species and nine herb species. Establishment of the community is dependent on climate and substrate; destruction is the result of progressive lateral stream-flow erosion. Soils are sandy loams above gravel, with pH values of 7.7 to 8.0 and soluble salt concentration of 176 to 458 parts per million. Trees in mature stands averaged 23.0 …

The Algae Of Huntington Canyon, Utah, Carol Jean Endsley

Theses and Dissertations

A taxonomic study of the algae of Huntington canyon, Emery County, Utah, was conducted from March 1971 to April 1972. The algal flora of this cold, fast-flowing, hard-water mountain creek consisted of ninety-five genera, one hundred ninety-six species, twenty-nine varieties, and two forms. This diverse flora was dominated by many different species with usually rather few individuals of Achnanthes, Cymbella, Diatoma, Gomphonema, Lyngbya, Navicula, Nitzschia, Oscillatoria, Synedra, and Ulothrix.

Venezuelan Macronyssidae (Acarina:Mesostigmata), Robert C. Saunders

Theses and Dissertations

A total of over 5000 mite specimens representing 49 species was studied and evaluated. The most frequently encountered species was Ornithonyssus bacoti. Based on these specimens, a brief review of the family Macronyssidae in Venezuela is presented. Included are brief notes as to medical importance and host relationships; also a key to the genera of Venezuelan Macronyssidae and a host-parasite list are included. Reprints of two papers and the manuscript of a third are included as part of the dissertation requirements. Contained in these are descriptions of three new genera (Argitis, Lepidodorsum, and Nycteronyssus) and four new species (Acanthonyssus proechimys, …

Ecological Aspects Of Cercocarpus Montanus Raf. Communities In Central Utah, David Lee Anderson

Theses and Dissertations

Ecological and environmental aspects relating to Cercocarpus montanus Raf. Communities were investigated. Twenty study sites were sampled and described. All factors were then analyzed utilizing statistical methods. Signigicantly correlated factors to C. montanus parameters (i.e., frequency, density, cover, height) were: positive correlation--percent clay, percent clay-silt, percent litter cover, and total soluble salts in soil; negative correlation--percent silt-sand, percent sand, soil pH; exposed surface rock, Amelanchier alnifolia cover, Gotierrezia sarothrae cover and altitude. Several individual factors were singled out as being of importance in C. montanus communities; howerver, it was shown that a combination of factors was most important in determining …

Nesting Ecology Of The Double-Crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax Auritus Auritus) On Utah Lake, Ronald M. Mitchell

Theses and Dissertations

Research on the nesting of the Double-crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus auritus) was undertaken to determine the nesting ecology of the bird on Utah Lake, Utah County, and the possible effects that diking Provo Bay would have on the cormorants breeding there. In 1973, two colonies in Provo Bay were visited weekly to determine laying dates, incubation period, clutch size, and hatching dates. Another colony, located on the dike of the Geneva Steel Reservoir, was visited daily during the spring and summer of 1973. At this colony, egg-laying occurred from 13 April to 17 May. The average clutch size was 3.8, …

Light And Electron Microscopy Of Resistant And Susceptible Alfalfa Roots Infected By Meloidogyne Hapla, Bernard Al Tait

Theses and Dissertations

Resistant (65-410 and 65-393) and susceptible (breeders Lahontan) alfalfa seedlings were infected with the Northern root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne hapla. Infected roots were fixed, stained, and embedded in plastic for ultrastructural investigations. Sections of plastic embedded tissue, cut at 0.5-1.5 microns for light microscopy investigations, were stained with various histochemical stains to determine the chemical composition of the nematode-altered tissues. In the susceptible cultivar, giant cells were formed by enlargement of nematode-stimulated cells without cell wall lysis. The giant cells became multinucleate by karyonkinesis without cytokinesis. Proplastids in the giant cells became structurally altered to form tubular complexes. The resistant plants …

Aspects Of Salt Tolerance Of Salicornia Pacifica Standl. Var. Utahensis (Tidestrom) Munz, Dennis J. Hansen

Theses and Dissertations

Aspects of salt tolerance of Salicornia pacifica were investigated. Survival of this plant in a saline environment is due to many interacting factors. A soil pH of 7.5 to 8.0 +- 0.2 and a constant sub-surface soil moisture level of 25 to 35% are necessary for plant survival. A fluctuating lower soil moisture leevel and higher pH favor etablishment of Distichlis stricta. The ion content in S. pacifica remained constant despite increased moisture stress throughout the growing season due to accumulation of salts which were significantly higher in the surface soil layers than in the subsurface layers around the roots. …

The Diatom Flora Of The Provo River, Utah, Laurie Linwood Lawson

Theses and Dissertations

The present study was undertaken to investigate the diatom flora of a major river in northern Utah, to determine the diatom species present, and to illustrate them in a manner useful for future diatom researchers in the intermountain region. It is hoped that this work will aid in algal productivity, ecological, and taxonomic studies of Rocky Mountain streams and rivers.

Pathological Changes In Tissues Collected From Kangaroo Rats At The Nevada Test Site, Michael Scott Fisher

Theses and Dissertations

Structural aberrations induced in chromosomes by irradiation have been described and classified in great detail (Bender, 1969; Arena, 1971). According to Bender (1969), these aberrations appear after exposure to ionizing irradiation following cell division, or persist unmodified and unrecognizable in interphase cells for many years. In either case, these aberrations persist and can be seen years after radiation exposure.

Taxonomic Studies Of Trombiculid Mites, Jack T. Reed

Theses and Dissertations

Five publications and one manuscript concerning the taxonomic studies of trombiculid mites are submitted. Publications include a revision of the North American genus Comatacarus Ewing, the erection of the following genera by Brennan and Reed: Loomisia, Atelepalme, Phalcophila, and Nycterinastes. Discussions of the genera Aitkenius Brennan and Polylopadium Brennan and Jones are also included. The subfamily Leeuwenhoekinae is reviewed on the basis of neo-tropical representatives (unpublished manuscript). The genus Odontacarus comprises 66% of the chiggers examined, and 82% of these were identified as O. tubercularis (Brennan). Odontacarus fieldi Brennan and Jones and O. cayolargoensis Brennan are synonomized under O. tubercularis …

Activation Of The Gamma Motor System In The Cat Following Selective Stimulation Of The Motor Cortex And The Pyramidal Tract, James Elliott Forbes

Theses and Dissertations

Until the mid to late 1800's, the cerebral hemispheres were considered to be only the sites of mentation and intellectual activity. On the basis of his observations of epileptic patients, HughIings Jackson (cited from Walshe, l935a) theorized that the cerebral hemispheres were also sites of motor control and sensory experience. The electrical excitability of the cerebrum was first demonstrated by Fritsch and Hitzig in 1870. Since then the motor representation of the various muscles has been mapped out and the types of movement in response to stimulation of the motor cortex and the pyramidal tract have been thoroughly studied.

Mammalian …

Hepatic Ornithine Metabolism In Hydrazine-Treated Rats, Van Saxton Hubbard

Theses and Dissertations

Ornithine plays an important role in mammalian intermediary metabolism. Ornithine can be (1) utilized as a component of the urea cycle, (2) decarboxylated to form putrescine, a precursor of the polyamines, spermidine and spermine, and (3) converted metabolically to arginine, proline and glutamate. In prior investigations conducted in our laboratories and others, free endogenous hepatic pools of ornithine were found to be elevated following hydrazine administration. Consequently, time-course alterations of arginase, ornithine δ-transaminase, ornithine transcarbamylase, and ornithine decarboxylase activities were investigated regarding the effect of hydrazine treatment on hepatic ornithine metabolism in the rat. As an outgrowth of these investigations, …

The Two-Way Mixed Model Analysis Of Variance, Kenneth Davis Buckley

Theses and Dissertations

The analysis of variance for experiments where the fixed effects or random effects model is appropriate is generally agreed upon with regard to testing procedures and covariance structure. It is only in experiments involving both random and fixed factors, i.e. mixed effects models, that controversy occurs as to the proper analysis. The mixed effect model has been considered by many statisticians, and several techniques have been developed for explaining its structure and performing its analysis for balanced data sets. The relationship of these techniques have been discussed in several papers as well.

The simplest case of the difficulties presented by …