Life Sciences Commons^™

A Review Of The Development In Pretreatment Methods For Pcr Detection Of Food-Borne Pathogens, Bai Yalong, Suo Yujuan, Zhou Changyan

Food and Machinery

Molecular detection methods based on PCR (polymerase chain reaction) are widely used in the rapid detection of food-borne pathogens. However, in practical applications pretreatment method is also a critical step in rapid detection except the optimization of PCR. In this review, the pretreatment methods (including the centrifugation, membrane filtration, magnetic separation) for PCR detection of food-borne pathogens were systematically summeried. In particular, the magnetic separation was emphatically reviewed in the PCR detection of food-borne pathogens.

Application Of Radio Frequency Heating In Food Industry, Li Yulin, Jiao Yang, Wang Yifen

Food and Machinery

The radio frequency (RF) heating is a novel technology in food industry which has the advantages of fast and volumetric heating. The potential application of the radio frequency technology has been gradually developed in many fields including food drying, sterilization/pasteurization, dis-infestation, thawing and etc. However, there are still problems like non-uniform heating problem needs further research. It was reviewed the fundamentals, applications, and mathematical modeling techniques of radio frequency heating processes in this study, and the future research needs of it were also prospected.

Study On Relationship Of Quaity Between Wheat Quality And Fresh Noodles, Deng Hang, Zhou Wenhua, Li Lihua

Food and Machinery

In this study, five different varieties of Chinese wheats: “Jimai 22”, “Yannong 19”, “Yannong 5158”, “Aikang 58”, “Lunxuan 988” from the main producing area in China: Shanxi, Anhui and Henan were selected. The main physical and chemical characters, such as the content of protein, ash, starch, et al, as well as the farinograph property of flour milled by those five different varieties of wheats, were described, and the sensory evaluation and textural properties (TPA) of fresh noodle made from those flour were determined. The correlation between wheat quality and farinograph property and quality of fresh noodles were all analyzed. The …

Study On Micronization Of Spi Emulsions By Ultrasonication And Microfluidization Techniques, Feng Lili, Wu Xue, Huang Zhigang, Yu Jian

Food and Machinery

The purpose of the study was to produce soy protein isolate(SPI) micro emulsion droplet by ultrasonication and microfluidization Techniques. The changes of SPI emulsion temperature, average droplet diameter and size distribution were observed. The distribution curve of SPI droplet processed by ultrasonication has two peaks and that of SPI droplet processed by microfluidization has single peak. The results indicate that the SPI emulsion processed by high pressure is more homogeneous. The capability of reducing size by ultrasonic process (1 200 W) is very limited, and the SPI emulsion tends to agglomerate after a long time of ultrasonic process. Microfluidization (microseconds, …

Structural Characterization And Antioxiant, Moisture-Absording And Moisture-Retention Properties Of Polysaccharides Of Sophora Japonica L., Li Caixia, Zheng Xue, Gao Haining, Zhang Yong

Food and Machinery

The polysaccharides from the seeds and peel of Sophora japonica L. were extracted respectively by double enzymes, The basic structure of polysaccharides were identified by using infrared spectroscopy,and antioxidant activity, moisture absorption and retention capacities of polysaccharides were evaluated. The results indicated that the polysaccharides extraction yield of Sophora japonica L. seeds and peel were 11.6% and 24.7% respectively. The IR spectrum indicated peel and seed polysaccharides had typical characteristic absorption peaks of polysaccharides and pyran ring structure, seed polysaccharides contained a-glycosidic bonds, peel polysaccharides contained α and β glycosidic bonds.The radical scavenging experiment showed that two different polysaccharides of …

Study On Correlation Between Sound Of Breaking And Crispness Of Potato Chips, Zhang Zihan, Feng Tao, Liang Yi, Feng Lili, Wang Jing

Food and Machinery

The hardness and crispness of potato chips were tested by texture analyzer in the present study. Moreover, the fractured acoustic signals were collected to analyze the relationship between the crispness of potato chips and the acoustic characteristics, and the acoustic rating of physical properties were evaluated. The relationship between the hardness crispness and flexibility of three different potato chips and their acoustic characteristics were investigated. The results showed that the more crispness of potato chips had, their hardness and toughness were lower, and the sound of breaking was louder. However, no significant linear correlation were found between the characteristics.

The Kinetics Of Microwave Drying Ginger Based On The Volatile Detection, Xu Wanxiu, Li Jing, Li Zhenfeng, Zhu Guanyu, Song Chunfang, Zhang Junsheng

Food and Machinery

The online volatile changes of the ginger on drying process and drying characteristics were analyzed at the four constant drying temperature, 50, 60, 70, 80 ℃, respectively. The volatile emission intensity and quality of the corresponding drying temperature was compared to find out a better drying condition. It was found thatd the drying temperature at 60 ℃ could preserve preferred volatile best and avoid burning occurrence. Moreover, the color difference and rehydration ratio were olso found better.

Analysis And Comparison On Solid Ispersion Performance Of Dandelion Chlorogenic Acid, Li Yan, Wang Jie, Cao Keke, Wang Zhanggui, Wang Di

Food and Machinery

To use the solid dispersion method that could improve the dissolution rate of chlorogenic acid.With the factor experiment design, chlorogenic acid solid was mixed with PVPK30 and PEG4000 respectively, with the feed auxiliary ratio of 12, 14, 16, 18. The finished product of solid dispersion prepared by four types of mixture ratio were compared in the vitro solubility, cumulative dissolution and stability, and the optimal mixture ratio was analyzed by SEM. The experiment showed that chlorogenic acid solid dispersion could be prepared by mixture ratio of 14, with PVPK30 as carrier. Compared with crude drugs, in vitro solubility and dissolution …

The Analysis And Evaluation Of Nutrients Of Sansui’S Characteristic Sheldrake Duck Eggs, Shen Changxuan, Wang Xiujun, Huang Shan

Food and Machinery

The eggs of Sansui’s characteristic sheldrake duck were researched to enrich its foundation and deepen the objective evaluation. Moisture content, crude protein content, amino acid composition and its content, crude fat content, composition and content of fatty acids, cholesterol content and the content of calcium, zinc, magnesium, iron, copper, manganese, lead and selenium of 3 kinds of egg samples in Guizhou were determined by the methods of China national standard, chromatography of gases, Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry and spectrofluorimetry. Amino acid and fatty acids were scientifically evaluated by the method WHO/FAO Amino Acid Scoring Model, the chemical score …

Uncertainty Evaluation Of The Determination Of Total Sugar， Reducing Sugar， Chlorine， Potassium In Tobacco, Xu Yong, Li Chao, Yang Qianxu, Qin Yunhua, Jiang Wei, Liu Zhihua, Wu Yiqin, Jiang Ciqin, Zhang Chengming, Liu Wei

Food and Machinery

The uncertainty in the measurement for determination of the total sugar, reducing sugar, chlorine, potassium in tobacco by the continuous flow method was evaluated with the actual instance. The influence factors on the uncertainty in the measurement for determination of total sugar, reducing sugar, chlorine, potassium content were analyzed, the component and combined uncertainties were calculated, and the expanded uncertainties of the above three components were 0.44%, 0.40%, 0.02% and 0.06%, respectively, which providing the credibility and confidence interval to the measurement results.

Analysis Of The Differences Of Heavy Metal Enrichment Between Silver Carp And Aristichthys Nobilis In East Dongting Lake, Liu Xiaowei, Lu Weiya, Xue Minmin, Li Zhonghai

Food and Machinery

To evaluate the pollution of heavy metal in east Dongting Lake and analyze the differences of enrichment of heavy metal between silver carp and aristichthys nobilis, this experiment determined the concentration of five different heavy metals, including Cr, Cu, Cd, Pb and Hg, in sediment and tissues of silver carp and Aristichthys nobilis. Results show that the concentration of Cr in sediment belongs to the first state level in soil standard, the concentrations of Cu, Pb and Hg belong to the second state level in soil standard, the concentration of Cd is 2 times of the third state level in …

Antibacterial Activity Of Fractions And Chemical Constituents Analysis Of Dichloromethane Fraction From Bletilla Striata, Wu Yongxiang, Cheng Manhuai, Jiang Haitao, Hou Shuzeng, Wan Zhibing

Food and Machinery

Bletilla striata extracts were prepared by methanol circumfluence extraction. Five different polarity fractions were obtained by extraction in turn with n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water. The inhibiting effects on E. coli, S.aureus, B.subtilis and P.aeruginos were measured by using filter paper disc diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method. The chemical constituents of the active fraction were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed that the methanol extract, n-hexane and dichloromethane fractions exhibited significant inhibition against four common bacterial strains. Dichloromethane fraction presented the best antibacterial effect than other fractions (P＜0.05). Dichloromethane fraction exerted potent …

Influence Of Two Ddifferent Nnozzle Fforms On The Flow Ffield And Heat Transferring Characteristics Of Qquick Freezer, Wang Jinfeng, Li Wenjun, Xie Jing, Yang Dazhang, Liu Yuyan, Lu Weihua, Yang Xiaoyan

Food and Machinery

In this study, V type slit nozzle and straight seam hole plate in a quick freezer was used to invetigatethe effect by the change of distance (H) between the nozzle and the plate surface on the internal flow field and the pressure field in a freezer with these two kinds of nozzle structures under the same air condition. Moreover, the metal surface heat transfer characteristics were also studied. The results showed that the flow resistance of the straight slot seam orifice was smaller than that of the V type slot nozzle along the cross-flow direction. The pressure range along cross …

Study Of Ozone And Electron Beam Irradiation On Degradation Of Zearalenone And Ochratoxin A, Luo Xiaohu, Li Ke, Wang Ren, Xing Jiali, Wang Li, Du Zhihong, Pan Lihong, Sun Dongling, Li Yanan, Chen Zhengxing

Food and Machinery

Mycotoxin contamination caused by Zearalenone (ZEN) and Ochratoxin A (OTA) is widespread for being prone to happen and hard to degrade. In this paper, the effects of ozone and electron beam irradiation (EBI) on the degradation of Zearalenone and Ochratoxin A were investigated. After 10 s of 2.0 mg/L ozone treatment, the ZEN content decreased from 50 μg/mL to concentration undetectable. After 12 kGy of EBI, the degradation rate of ZEN was up to 86% and concentration of ZEN within 0.5～5.0 μg/mL had no significant different (P＜0.05), with the degradation of ZEN being faster in acetonitrile than methanol. After 30 …

Effect Of Hyaluronic Acid Coating On Fresh Quality Of Crucian Carp (Carassius Auratus) During The Partial-Freezing Storage, Guo Li, Wang Peng, Jiang Zhe, Guo Yanli, Zhou Fengchao, Chai Yunlei

Food and Machinery

The surface of Crucian carp (Carassius auratus) meat was coated with different concentrations of hyaluronic acid (HA) and stored at partial-freezing condition(-3 ℃) to study the effect of hyaluronic acid on its freshness preservation. The total volatile base-nitrogen (TVB-N), pH value, conductivity, thiobarbituric acid (TBA), water holding capacity, color and texture were measured as quality indexes to analyze the change of fish meat. The results showed that the meat quality of Crucian carp decreased slowly by combination of HA coating during the partial-freezing storage. The fish meat with 0.9% HA coating maintained its fresh quality on TVB-N (9.64 mg/100 g), …

Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction Process And Characteristics Analysis Of Collagen From Schizothorax Prenanti Bone, Yan Qiuping, Wu Yinglong, Li Yuee, Jiang Yan, Guo Yuchun, Qin Tao

Food and Machinery

The ultrasonic-assisted acid extraction technology of collagen from Schizothorax prenanti bone was studied using univariate analysis and orthogonal test to improve the extraction rate. The purified collagen was analyzed by the methods of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis , ultraviolet spectroscopy, amino acid and denaturation temperature analysis. The results showed that ultrasonic pretreat-ment increased the collagen extraction rate significantly. The optimal extracting conditions were as followed: extracting temperature 30 ℃, ratio of, liquid-solid 751 (mL/g), time for pre-treating by the ultrasonic 20 min, and extracted time. In the conditions, the collagen extraction ratio was 6.91% and the purity reached 89.74%. In addition, …

Study On Separation And Purification Process Of Fisetin From Cotinus Coggygria Leaves With Polyamide, Xu Na, Xu Kaiyang, Fang Fang, Shu Xiaoshun, Li Chiling

Food and Machinery

To study the separation and purification of fisetin from Cotinus coggygria leaves with polyamide by using the adsorption rate and elution rate of fisetin as index. The effects of sample flow rate, sample concentration, concentration of eluent and dosage on purification process were investigated from static and dynamic adsorption. The optimum process conditions were as followed: the sample flow rate was 1 mL/min, the sample concentration was 0.535 8 mg/mL, the sample volume was 2 BV, the eluent was 70% ethanol, and the eluent dosage was 4 BV. Conclusion: The crude extract of Cotinus coggygria leaves was refined three times …

Optimization On Mixed Fermentation Process With Brown Rice Ferment, Zhang Xupu, Bai Junyan, Liu Tengyun, Wu Rongrong, Cheng Shumei

Food and Machinery

The mixed fermentation process of enzymatic brown rice was optimized by the response surface method. In order to optimize the growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Lactobacillus plantarum in short-term mixed fermented brown rice, the fermentation medium components of the traditional brown rice enzyme were optimized and the interaction between the constituent components was analyzed. Firstly, the main factors were analyzed by pre-experiemntal. The vital influencing factors of biomass, such as honey, brown rice and NaCl, were determined by Plackett-Burman test. The direction and step size of the steepest climbing test are set according to the three important factors effect intensity. …

Research Progress On Extraction Technology Of Active Components From Corn Bran, Zhao Erlao, Wang Minghua, Gao Ziyi, Zhao Sanhu

Food and Machinery

Corn bran was the major byproducts of corn processing, which contained a variety of functional and active components. Based on the literature learning method and summarization, the Chinese research progresses on the extraction technology of corn bran active components in recent ten years were reviewed in this article. The research prospect of the corn bran active components had also been presented, which provided a reference for its overall and further research and development.

The Use Of Artificial Neural Network To Optimize The Ph Response Range Of Chlorophenol Red, Wong F., Ahmad M., Heng L. Y.

ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development

Artificial Neural Network (ANN) had been used in this study to extend the response range of the pH indicator. The input from absorbance values of the absorbance spectra of chlorophenol red at different pH was used to train the ANN. During the training process, the coefficient values of the ANN will be adjusted to obtain the desire output. In this research, back propagation algorithm had been used for optimizing the response range of the pH indicator chlorophenol red in solution. The result indicates that the use of ANN enable the pH response range to be extended from 4.8-6.8 to 1.0-10.0.

Entropy Learning In Neural Network, Ng Geok See, Shi D., Wahab A., Singh H.

ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development

In this paper, entropy term is used in the learning phase of a neural network. As learning progresses, more hidden nodes get into saturation. The early creation of such hidden nodes may impair generalisation. Hence entropy approach is proposed to dampen the early creation of such nodes. The entropy learning also helps to increase the importance of relevant nodes while dampening the less important nodes. At the end of learning, the less important nodes can then be eliminated to reduce the memory requirements of the neural network.

Design Of A Hvdc-Based Controller For Load Change Compensation And Stabilization Of Inter-Area Oscillations, Ngamroo I.

ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development

As an interconnected power system via a High-Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) link is subjected to a rapid load change with the frequency of inter-area oscillation mode, system frequency and tie line power may be severely disturbed and oscillate. To compensate for the rapid load change and stabilize both frequency and tie line power oscillations due to the inter-area mode, the dynamic power flow control via a HVDC link can be exploited. To implement this concept, a new design method of HVDC-based controller is proposed. To grasp a physical characteristic of the inter-area oscillation frequency, the technique of overlapping decompositions is …

Application Of Deswirl Device In Cyclone Dust Separator, Abdullah M. Z., Husain Z., Fraser S. M.

ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development

The experimental investigations of the vortex flow inside the vortex finder (outlet duct) of the cyclone dust separator have been carried out. Preliminary study from the visualization experiment has been performed and discovered vortex instability inside the conventional vortex finder. In order to minimize the instabilities, the streamlined entry shape was inserted at the vortex finder entrance and the results showed remarkable improvement of the vortex flow instability inside the vortex finder. The velocity measurements of two main components of velocity were performed using a laser-Doppler anemometry at the cyclone vortex finder outlet. The experiments were conducted at a constant …

Genetic Diversity Of Introduced (Pomacea Canaliculata) And Native (Pila) Apple Snails In Thailand Revealed By Randomly Amplified Polymorphic Dna (Rapd) Analysis, Thaewnon-Ngiw B., Klinbunga S., Phanwichien K., Sangduen N., Lauhachinda N., Menasveta P.

ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development

Genetic diversity of the introduced golden apple snail, Pomacea canaliculata (Lamarck, 1822) and four native apple snails; Pila ampullacea (Linneaus, 1758), P. angelica (Annandale, 1920), P. pesmei (Morelet, 1889) and P. polita (Deshayes, 1830) in Thailand were studied by RAPD analysis. Two hundred and two polymorphic fragments (180-1500 bp in length) were generated across overall investigated samples (N = 254) using three informative primers (OPA07, OPB10 and UBC122). The percentages of polymorphic bands were 98.86%, 94.56%, 90.91%, 96.94% and 95.51% for Pomacea canaliculata, P. ampullacea, P. angelica, P. pesmei and P. polita, respectively. This indicated high genetic polymorphism of these …

Empirical Models For Power And Energy Requirements Ii : A Powered Implement Operation In Serdang Sandy Clay Loam, Malaysia, Kheiralla A. F., Yahya A., Zohadie M., Ishak W.

ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development

Power and energy requirements were measured with an instrumented tractor for rotary tilling in Serdang sandy clay loam soil. The effects of travel speed and rotor speed upon the measured data were investigated. Power model from orthogonal regression analysis was formulated based on linear and quadratic functions of travel speed and bite length. Fuel consumption model from regression analysis was formulated based on linear tractor PTO power as well as linear equivalent tractor PTO power. Fuel consumption rates predicted by ASAE D497.3 were found to be 25% to 28% overestimates of the values predicted by the model developed. However, fuel …

Effect Of Substrate Feeding Concentration On Initial Biofilm Development In Anaerobic Hybrid Reactor, Suraraksa B., Nopharatana A., Chaiprasert P., Bhumiratana S., Tanticharoen M.

ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development

To elucidate the effect of substrate concentration on biofilm development, glucose concentrations of 500 and 1,000 mg/L were used. At an early stage, biofilm development at both concentrations was not significantly different (P=0.621). After removing suspended biomass at 24 operational hours, the biofilm development at high substrate concentration was higher than at lower concentration. At 72 operational hours, the amounts of attached biomass at low and high glucose feeding were 9.04±1.17 and 28.58±2.72 g VSS/m2, respectively. The activities of acidogens, acetogens, and methanogens at the low glucose concentration were 0.334, 0.016 and 0.003 g COD/g VSS/h, and those at the …

Efficient Reactive Power Compensation Algorithm For Distribution Network, Jerome J.

ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development

The use of automation and energy efficient equipment with electronic control would greatly improve industrial production. These new devices are more sensitive to supply voltage deviation and the characteristics of the power system that was previously ignored are now very important. Hence the benefits of distribution automation have been widely acknowledged in recent years. This paper proposes an efficient load flow solution technique extended to find optimum location for reactive power compensation and network reconfiguration for planning and day-to-day operation of distribution networks. This is required as a part of the distribution automation system (DAS) for taking various control and …

Annotated List Of Ontario Lepidoptera, By J. C. E. Riotte. 1992. Royal Ontario Museum, Publications In Life Sciences, Miscellaneous Publication. Royal Ontario Museum, 100 Queen's Park, Thronto, Ontario, Canada M5s 2c6. 208 Pp. Soft Cover, 15 X 22.5 Cm. Isbn 0-88854-397-2. $19.95 Canadian (About $16.00 U.S.), Eric H. Metzler

The Great Lakes Entomologist

(excerpt)

I was eager to review this publication. When I was a young person, first starting the pursuit of Lepidoptera, any literature that increased my knowledge was as valuable as the specimens I collected. Checklists were especially welcome. A primary purpose for the formation of The Ohio Lepidopterists society was to record the occurrence of Lepidoptera in Ohio. My ardent commitment to document Ohio's fauna over the past 20 years gives me insight into the work necessary to create and produce a publication of this type.

Notes On The Life Histories Of Chlosyne (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) And Agrypon (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), Andrew H. Williams

The Great Lakes Entomologist

Ambrosia trifida is reported for the first time as a larval food plant of Chlosyne nycteis. Chlosyne nycteis and C. harrisii are reported as hosts of Agrypon prismaticum and A. alpinum, respectively; the first report of wasps in Agrypon parasitizing species in Nymphalidae.

New Food Plants And First Wisconsin Records Of Publilia Modesta Var. Brunnea (Hemiptera: Membracidae), Andrew H. Williams

The Great Lakes Entomologist

Publilia modesta var. brunnea was found feeding on 14 species of Aster­aceae at three sites in three Wisconsin counties in 1994-1996. This is the first report of P. modesta using these plants and of its occurrence in Wisconsin, an eastward extension of its reported distribution.