Life Sciences Commons^™

Comparison Of Two Organic Trace Mineral Supplements For Cows Grazing Tall Fescue, J. K. Farney

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of two sources of organic trace mineral and two sources of magnesium supplementation on cow performance of springcalving cows on K31 endophyte-infected fescue. The two treatments were organic trace minerals (zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and manganese (Mn)) offered free choice as an amino-acid chelate with magnesium (Mg) as an amino acid chelate (CHEL) or organic trace mineral supplement with amino-acid complex with magnesium supplied as magnesium oxide (COMP). Mineral was offered free-choice beginning 30 days before breeding season on 4 ranches with 6 pastures per treatment (cows n = 203). …

Effect Of Parity And Stage Of Gestation On Maternal Growth And Feed Efficiency Of Gestating Sows, L. L. Thomas, R. D. Goodband, M. D. Tokach, S. S. Dritz, J. C. Woodworth, J. M. Derouchey

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of parity and stage of gestation on maternal weight gain and efficiency of feed use in group-housed gestating sows from a commercial sow farm. A total of 712 females (Camborough, PIC, Hendersonville, TN) were group-housed from d 5 to 112 of gestation and individually fed with electronic sow feeders (ESF). Feed intake and BW were recorded daily throughout gestation via the ESF and a scale located in an alleyway just after sows exited the feeding station. Gilts (parity 1) and sows received 6.5 and 7.3 Mcal ME per d. Maternal …

Split Suckling, Birth Order, And Birth Weight Affects Colostrum Intake And Pre-Weaning Weight Gain, J. Morton, A. Langemeier, T. Rathbun, D. L. Davis

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Thirty sows (DNA Line 241, n = 10/treatment) and litters (sired by Line 600, pigs n = 412) were used to determine the effects of split suckling on immunocrit, colostrum intake, and growth of low birth weight pigs and pigs that farrow last in the birth order. Three treatments were used 1) control, all pigs suckled ad libitum; 2) weight based, the heaviest 6 pigs were removed for 1.5 h; or 3) birth order based, the first half of the litter was removed for 1.5 h. Over all litters, heavier pigs at birth had greater (P<0.01) colostrum intake and pigs born in the last half of the litter had lower (P<0.01) immunocrits (a measure of circulating immunoglobulins) than pigs born in the first half of the litter. Removing the heaviest 6 pigs for 1.5 h beginning 6 h after farrowing resulted in increased (P<0.05) weight gain by d 7. A tendency (P = 0.15) for treatment × birth order interactions suggests that split suckling increased colostrum intake for the later born pigs.

Effect Of Calsporin On Nursing Piglet Growth Performance And Fecal Microflora, M. B. Menegat, C. M. Vier, H. S. Cemin, D. Shawk, J. M. Derouchey, J. C. Woodworth, M. D. Tokach, S. S. Dritz, R. D. Goodband

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 26 lactating sows (DNA 241, DNA Genetics, Columbus, NE) and litters were used in a discovery study to evaluate the effects of Calsporin, a direct-fed microbial containingBacillus subtilisC-3102, on fecal microflora of nursing pigs. The treatments consisted of providing a daily oral dose of Calsporin or a placebo control to piglets during the nursing phase. Sows were randomly assigned to treatments based on farrowing date, parity, and initial BW. The treatments were applied individually to piglets once a day from d 2 after farrowing and equalization until weaning on d 19. Sow BW, sow ADFI, …

Effects Of Amino Acid Ratios And Lysine Level On Nursery Pig Growth Performance, A. B. Clark, M. D. Tokach, J. M. Derouchey, S. S. Dritz, J. C. Woodworth, R. D. Goodband, K. J. Touchette

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 2,268 pigs (PIC 327 × L42, initially 16.2 lb BW) was used in a 28-d growth study with 54 pigs per feeder (experimental unit) and 6 replications per treatment. Pigs were randomly allotted to pens at weaning and fed a common starter diet for 8 d. Pens were then blocked by BW and allotted to 1 of 7 dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were arranged in two levels of standardized ileal digestible (SID) Lys (low,1.25% and high, 1.35%) and SID amino acid (AA) ratios relative to Lys (industry, 95% of maximum performance, and …

Effects Of Monosodium Glutamate On 11- To 50-Lb Nursery Pigs, A. B. Clark, M. D. Tokach, J. M. Derouchey, S. S. Dritz, J. C. Woodworth, R. D. Goodband, K. J. Touchette

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 1,134 nursery pigs (PIC 280 × 1050, 11.2 lb BW) were used in a 48-d growth study to determine the effects of monosodium glutamate (MSG; Ajinomoto Heartland, LLC, Chicago, IL) on growth performance. Pigs were fed 1 of 6 dietary treatments: 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, or 2.0% MSG, or a high salt treatment formulated to match the sodium content of the 1.0% MSG treatment. Experimental diets were fed in 3 phases from d 0 to 12, d 12 to 26, and d 26 to 48. Phase 1 was in pellet form and phases 2 and 3 were …

Effects Of Dietary Ca And P Concentrations On Growth Performance Of 13- To 25-Lb Pigs, F. Wu, M. D. Tokach, J. M. Derouchey, S. S. Dritz, J. C. Woodworth, R. D. Goodband

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 360 nursery pigs (PIC 1050 × 280, initially 13.3 ± 2.39 lb) were used in a 45-d growth study to determine the effects of feeding 2 standardized total tract digestible (STTD) P and 3 Ca concentrations on growth performance. In a completely randomized design, pens of pigs (10 pigs per pen, 6 pens per treatment) were allotted randomly to 1 of 6 dietary treatments. Dietary treatments were arranged in a 2 × 3 factorial, with 2 levels of STTD P (at or above NRC requirement estimates) and 3 levels of Ca (0.65, 0.90, and 1.20%). Diets formulated …

Effects Of Feeding Increasing Levels Of Hp 300 On Nursery Pig Performance, A. M. Jones, J. M. Derouchey, G. Fitzner, J. C. Woodworth, M. D. Tokach, R. D. Goodband, S. S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 1,215 pigs (PIC 337 × 1050; initial BW 11.3 lb) were used in a 43-d growth trial evaluating the effects of feeding increasing HP 300 (Hamlet Protein, Findlay, OH) on nursery pig performance. Pigs were weaned at 16 to 19 d of age and placed in pens, with each pen containing a mix of barrows and gilts. Pens of pigs were weighed and allotted by BW to 1 of 5 dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design with 27 pigs per pen and 9 pens per treatment. The control diet was a standard cornsoybean meal-based diet …

Evaluating The Effects Of Fish Solubles On Nursery Pig Performance, A. M. Jones, J. C. Woodworth, M. D. Tokach, S. Herbert, J. Smith, D. Berry, R. D. Goodband, J. M. Derouchey, S. S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 700 barrows (Line 200 × 400, DNA, Columbus, NE; initially 14.3 lb) were used in a 21-d growth trial with 5 pigs per pen and 28 pens per treatment. Pigs were weaned at approximately 21 d of age, placed in nursery pens according to BW and fed a common pelleted starter diet for 3 d. Pigs were then weighed and pens were blocked by BW to 1 of 5 dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design. Dietary treatments included a corn-soybean meal-based control diet and 4 diets containing 6% LT Prime Menhaden Fishmeal (Daybrook Fisheries Inc., …

Evaluation Of Elarom Ses With Or Without Tri-Basic Copper Chloride On Nursery Pig Growth Performance, H. Williams, J. C. Woodworth, J. M. Derouchey, S. S. Dritz, M. D. Tokach, R. D. Goodband

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 360 weanling pigs (DNA 200 × 400; initially 11.5 lb BW) were used in a 42-d study evaluating the effects of feeding Elarom SES in combination with increasing tri-basic copper chloride on nursery pig performance and fecal consistency. Elarom SES (Trouw Nutrition USA, Highland, IL) is a specialty feed ingredient containing a blend of active ingredients designed to enhance growth performance and gut health. Tri-basic copper chloride (TBCC, Intellibond C, Micronutrients USA, LLC., Indianapolis, IN) is a form of copper (Cu) that has the potential for improved bioavailability and enhanced growth performance. Pigs were weaned at approximately …

Effects Of Dietary Soybean Meal Concentration With Dietary Crude Protein Fixed At 12% On Growth And Carcass Performance Of Finishing Pigs From 250 To 300 Lb, J. Soto, M. D. Tokach, S. S. Dritz, J. C. Woodworth, J. M. Derouchey, R. D. Goodband

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 280 pigs (DNA 600 × 241, initially 251.8 lb) were used in a 23-d trial to determine the effects of dietary soybean meal (SBM) concentration with dietary crude protein, fixed at 12%, on growth performance of finishing pigs from 250 to 300 lb. Pens of 7 or 8 pigs were allotted by BW and randomly assigned to 1 of 6 dietary treatments with 6 replications per treatment. Treatments consisting of 5 levels of SBM (10.6, 7.7, 4.9, 2.7, and 0%) with 12% CP and a negative control treatment with 4.0% SBM and 10% CP. Corn gluten meal …

Cleaning Reduces Mycotoxin Contamination In Corn, A. Yoder, M. D. Tokach, J. M. Derouchey, C. B. Paulk, C. R. Stark, C. K. Jones

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A single load of corn naturally contaminated with aflatoxin (1,074 ppb), fumonisin (8.3 ppm), and ochratoxin A (206 ppb) was procured from central Oklahoma to evaluate the role of cleaning to remove mycotoxin contamination in corn. Corn was divided into twenty 333-lb lots, which were then cleaned using an EBM Gentle Roll corn cleaner to remove overs (material>1/2 inches) and unders (material<3/16 inches). The resultant 4 treatments included: 1) uncleaned corn; 2) overs from cleaned corn; 3) cleaned corn; and 4) unders from cleaned corn. Samples of each fraction were analyzed for mycotoxin content using multiclass liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.

Cleaning generated approximately 6% screenings (unders + overs), and reduced (P<0.05) aflatoxin by an average of 26%. Cleaning also reduced (P<0.05) fumonisin by 45%, but did not impact ochratoxin A. Unders had nearly 4 times the aflatoxin and 7.5 times the fumonisin as the uncleaned corn. In conclusion, cleaning corn may substantially reduce mycotoxin contamination, but the resultant screenings should be used cautiously.

The Effect Of Hammermill Screen Hole Diameter And Hammer Tip Speed On Particle Size And Flowability Of Ground Corn, M. Saensukjaroenphon, C. E. Evans, K. H. Sheldon, C. K. Jones, C. B. Paulk, C. R. Stark

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A variable frequency drive can be installed on the motor of a hammermill to adjust motor speed and ultimately hammer tip speed. This enables particle size adjustments to be made externally without requiring screens to be changed, therefore reducing idle time. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of screen hole diameter and tip speed on geometric mean diameter (d_gw), geometric standard deviation (S_gw), and angle of repose (AoR). Treatments were arranged as a 3 × 3 factorial in a completely randomized design using three screen hole diameters and three hammer tip speeds. …

The Effects Of Cold Pelleting And Separation Of Fine Corn Particles On Growth Performance And Economic Return In Nursery Pigs, C. E. Evans, M. Saensukjaroenphon, C. K. Jones, J. M. Derouchey, J. C. Woodworth, M. D. Tokach, C. B. Paulk, C. R. Stark

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 320 pigs (DNA 241 × 600; initially 22.5 lb BW) were used in a 21-d experiment to determine the effects on pelleting technique and removing fine corn particles (<150 microns) on nursery pig growth performance. There were 5 pigs per pen and 8 pens per treatment and diets were all manufactured using corn ground to 400 microns. Diets were fed as a mash or pelleted using a traditional vertical die pellet mill equipped with a steam conditioner (steam pellet) or a horizontal pellet die with hot water conditioning prior to pelleting (cold pellet). Therefore, the 8 treatments were: 1) ground corn diet fed as mash, 2) ground corn diet steam pelleted, 3) ground corn diet cold pelleted, 4) ground corn with fines less than 150 microns removed from the diet and the diet fed as mash, 5) ground corn with fines less than 150 microns removed from the diet and the diet without fines was steam pelleted, 6) ground corn with fines less than 150 microns removed from the diet and the diet without fines was cold pelleted, 7) fines less than 150 microns were steam pelleted then proportionally added back to ground corn and fed as a mixture of pellets and mash, and 8) fines less than 150 microns were cold pelleted then proportionally added back to ground corn and fed as a mixture of pellets and mash. Removal of fines less than 150 microns from the corn improved the flowability characteristics of the diets as indicated by improved composite flow index values. The best flowability was achieved when fines were pelleted and added back to the mash diets. Pigs fed steam- or cold-pelleted diets had decreased (P<0.02) ADG, ADFI, and d-21 BW, total feed cost, revenue, and income over feed cost (IOFC) compared to those fed mash diets. Pigs fed steam pelleted diets had decreased (P<0.006) ADG, d-21 BW, revenue, and IOFC compared to those fed cold pelleted diets. There were no growth performance differences between pigs fed ground corn diets or ground corn diets with fines removed. Pigs fed diets with fines removed, pelleted, and subsequently added back had increased (P<0.05) ADFI, F/G, and feed cost compared to all other treatments. It is assumed that this response resulted from increased feed wastage resulting from pigs sorting pellets mixed with mash diets. The results of this study indicate that removing particles less than 150 microns improved the flowability of a mash diet without sacrificing growth performance. Additionally, cold pelleting was a viable option to steam pelleting in the current experiment. However, pelleting diets reduced pig performance compared to pigs fed mash diets. Further research is needed to validate the response to cold pelleting when the expected response to pelleting using steam conditioning is achieved.

Identifying Immuno-Dominant And Neutralizing Epitopes From K88 Fimbriae Of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli (Etec), T. Lu, W. Zhang

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) bacteria are the primary cause of diarrheal disease, especially porcine post-weaning diarrhea (PWD). Post-weaning diarrhea is one of the most common diseases in piglets 3 to 10 days after weaning and causes the loss of millions of dollars annually to United States swine industry and other countries. These ETEC bacteria produce two types of virulence factors: 1) fimbriae adhesins, which promote bacterial attachment and colonization in pig small intestine; and 2) enterotoxins that disrupt fluid homeostasis and cause fluid hype-secretion and watery diarrhea. The F4 (K88) is the most important fimbria in ETEC bacteria causing PWD. …

Association Between Reproduction And Postpartum Cow Health During Summer Months In Dairies Located In The Great Plains Region, L. Mendonca, A. Scanavez

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Postpartum cow health has an impact on fertility of dairy cows, and impaired fertility in dairy herds ultimately influences profitability of dairy farms. During summer months, postpartum cow health and reproductive performance are affected in dairies located in the Great Plains region. The goal for this study was to evaluate farm-level associations between reproductive efficiency and postpartum cow health in dairy herds located in the Great Plains region. Data from June to August of 2010 to 2016 from 18 herds located in Colorado, Kansas, Oklahoma, Nebraska, and Texas were extracted. Overall pregnancy per AI was used as the measure of …

Effects Of Dietary Supplementation Of Scutellaria Baicalensis Extract During Early Lactation On Milk Production Of Dairy Cattle, K. Olagaray, Michael Brouk, F. Robert, E. Dupuis, B. Bradford

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Multiparous Holstein cows (n = 122) were used in a randomized block design to determine the effect of short-term and long-term postpartum administration ofScutellaria baicalensisextract (SBE) on 305-day milk yield, 120-day milk component yield, and early lactation milk markers of inflammation and metabolic function. Treatments were (1) control, (2) short-term (5-day) administration of the SBE (SBE5), and (3) longterm (60-day) administration of the SBE (SBE60). Treatments were included in a treatment pellet that was identical to the control pellet in ingredient source and composition except for the extract, and both pellets were provided via an automated milking system. …

Feeding Nucleotides With Corn Germ Meal Or Dried Corn Distillers Grains Does Not Promote Growth Performance Of Receiving And Growing Calves, M. L. Detray, S. P. Montgomery, E. Titgemeyer, A. E. Wertz-Lutz, Christopher Vahl, A. T. Schilling, W. R. Hollenbeck, Dale Blasi

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Corn germ meal is often used in swine and poultry diets, but very little information exists on the effects on beef cattle and on newly arrived stressed cattle. When formulating receiving and growing diets, calf health and stress are important factors to consider. Including nucleotides, an immune-boosting feed additive may aid in gastrointestinal health of an animal and furthermore improve growth performance. The objective of these experiments was to determine: 1) the effects of corn germ meal in comparison to dried corn distillers grains on growth performance and 2) the effects of nucleotides on growth performance, by receiving and growing …

Foreword, Appendices, R. D. Goodband

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

It is with great pleasure that we present the 2017 Swine Industry Day Report of Progress. This report contains updates and summaries of applied and basic research conducted at Kansas State University during the past year. We hope that the information will be of benefit as we attempt to meet the needs of the Kansas swine industry.