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Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

1991

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Articles 91 - 105 of 105

Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences

Effects Of Hybrid And Maturity At Harvest On Agronomic Performance Of Corn For Silage, R. Suazo, R.N. Sonon, L. Pfaff, J.T. Dickerson, K.K. Bolsen Jan 1991

Effects Of Hybrid And Maturity At Harvest On Agronomic Performance Of Corn For Silage, R. Suazo, R.N. Sonon, L. Pfaff, J.T. Dickerson, K.K. Bolsen

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Twelve, commercial, corn hybrids were grown under irrigated conditions in 1990 and evaluated for agronomic and silage characteristics at three stages of maturities (1/2 milk line, black layer, and 7 days post-black layer). Time to mid-anthesis and mid-silk ranged from 62 to 68 and 65 to 70 days, respectively, and plant height ranged from 78 to 98 inches. Whole-plant dry matter (DM) content and whole-plant DM and grain yields for the 12 hybrids ranged from 23.6 to 53.7 %, 6.1 to 9.6 tons of DM per acre, and 60 to 170 bushels per acre, respectively, over the three maturities. Whole-plant …

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Effects Of Maturity At Harvest And Cultivar On Agronomic Performance Of Forage Sorghum And The Nutritive Value Of Selected Sorghum Silages, R.N. Sonon, R. Suazo, L. Pfaff, J.T. Dickerson, K.K. Bolson Jan 1991

Effects Of Maturity At Harvest And Cultivar On Agronomic Performance Of Forage Sorghum And The Nutritive Value Of Selected Sorghum Silages, R.N. Sonon, R. Suazo, L. Pfaff, J.T. Dickerson, K.K. Bolson

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

These studies examined the agronomic performance of 20 forage sorghum cultivars, each harvested at three stages of maturity in 1990. Whole-plant dry matter (DM) yields were highest at the late-dough stage of kernel maturity, whereas DM content and grain yields steadily increased as maturity advanced. A voluntary intake and digestion trial was conducted with 12 grain and forage sorghum silages harvested at the late-dough stage in 1989. The highest silage DM intakes and digestibilities were obtained with the high-grain yielding hybrids.

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Top Spoilage Losses In Horizontal Silos In Western Kansas, J.T. Dickerson, G. Ashbell, L. Pfaff, K.K. Bolsen, B.E. Brent, J.E. Bradford, R.L. Smith Jan 1991

Top Spoilage Losses In Horizontal Silos In Western Kansas, J.T. Dickerson, G. Ashbell, L. Pfaff, K.K. Bolsen, B.E. Brent, J.E. Bradford, R.L. Smith

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The top 3 feet from 30 horizontal silos was sampled at three depths to determine top spoilage losses, using ash content as an internal marker. When compared to face samples, corn and forage sorghum silages exhibited similar additional organic matter (OM) losses in the top 18 inches. In the top 18 inches, covering silage reduced spoilage losses of OM from 41 to 27 percentage units compared to uncovered counterparts. Covering corn silage reduced spoilage losses of OM from 49 to 31 and 9 to 1 percentage units in the top and second 18 inches, respectively. Similar reductions in OM losses …

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Rate And Extent Of Top Spoilage Losses Of Alfalfa Silage Stored In Horizontal Silos, J.T. Dickerson, Y. Niwa, K.K. Bolsen, B.E. Brent, C. Lin, J.E. Bradford Jan 1991

Rate And Extent Of Top Spoilage Losses Of Alfalfa Silage Stored In Horizontal Silos, J.T. Dickerson, Y. Niwa, K.K. Bolsen, B.E. Brent, C. Lin, J.E. Bradford

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Effects of covering, time, and depth from the surface on the rate and extent of top spoilage losses in alfalfa silages stored in horizontal silos were studied under pilot- and farm-scale conditions. Covering silages increased silage DM and nutrient recoveries, regardless of time or depth from the original surface, when compared to uncovered counterparts. Treatment x location x time interactions (P<.001) were observed for pH, lactic acid, and DM recovery in uncovered silages. By week 2 post-ensiling, significant deterioration had occurred in the top foot of uncovered silages, as evidenced by higher pH (7.36) and lower lactic acid (2.1% of the silage DM) and DM recoveries (85.6% of the DM ensiled). After week 4 post-ensiling, significant deterioration had occurred in the second foot from the surface, and it continued into the third foot after week 7. These data indicate that protecting the silage stored in the top 3 ft of horizontal silos immediately after filling should greatly increase storage efficiency.

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Effects Of Crop Species On Indigenous Microflora And Of Silage Additives On The Microbial Succession During The Ensiling Process, C. Lin, R.A. Hart, K.K. Bolsen, J.T. Dickerson, B.E. Brent Jan 1991

Effects Of Crop Species On Indigenous Microflora And Of Silage Additives On The Microbial Succession During The Ensiling Process, C. Lin, R.A. Hart, K.K. Bolsen, J.T. Dickerson, B.E. Brent

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

This study considered the effects of crop species (alfalfa vs. corn) and silage additives on six categories of indigenous microorganisms (those naturally occurring on the crop) important to silage fermentation, and on the microbial succession during the ensiling process. The numbers of streptococci, Enterobacteriaceae, yeasts and molds, lactate-using yeasts, and carbohydrate- fermenting clostridial spores were higher on corn than on alfalfa. The lactic acid bacteria (LAB) comprised less than 2% of the total microbial populations on both crops. Alfalfa treated with Biomate® inoculant and the combination of dextrose and Biomate showed higher LAB counts than the control and dextrose treatments …

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Evaluation Of Revalor® Implants For Stocker-Finishing Steers, Robert T. Brandt Jr., R.J. Grant, Ronald V. Pope Jan 1991

Evaluation Of Revalor® Implants For Stocker-Finishing Steers, Robert T. Brandt Jr., R.J. Grant, Ronald V. Pope

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Revalor® implants (containing trenbolone acetate plus estradiol) were evaluated in a grazing-finishing system using steers with a known previous implant history. Grazing gains were not improved by either Ralgro® or Revalor implants, suggesting that previously implanted steers may not respond to implants during a later growing phase. During the finishing phase, steers implanted with Revalor gained 5.4 to 8.0% faster (P<.05) than steers implanted with Synovex-S®. Gain efficiency in the finishing period was improved 4.8% (P<.10) for steers receiving no pasture implant and a Revalor implant during the finishing phase (0R), compared with steers receiving Ralgro/Synovex (RS) or Revalor/Revalor (RR) implants in the pasture/feedlot phases. Steers implanted with RR had larger (P<.05) ribeye areas than RS steers, with 0R steers intermediate. However, RR steers had a 20 percentage unit reduction (P<.05) in carcasses reaching the choice grade compared to RS steers. Revalor can improve steer feedlot performance, but multiple implantation may reduce quality grade.

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Comparison Of Synovex-S® And Steer-Oid® In Finishing Yearling Steers, Robert T. Brandt Jr., S.J. Anderson, J.K. Elliott Jan 1991

Comparison Of Synovex-S® And Steer-Oid® In Finishing Yearling Steers, Robert T. Brandt Jr., S.J. Anderson, J.K. Elliott

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Synovex-S (SS) and STEER-oid (SO) were compared in a 122-d finishing study. No differences were observed over the entire study for animal performance or carcass traits. However, in the final period (d 91-122), steers implanted with SO gained 8.4% faster (P=.17) and 8.7% more efficiently (P=.10) than steers implanted with SS, suggesting that estradiol payout in this period was less diminished for SO implants. The importance of this finding is unknown, because it is generally recommended that steers fed for longer periods of time be reimplanted midway through the finishing period to maintain maximal implant response.

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Timing Of Trenbolone Acetate Implants On Performance, Carcass Characteristics, And Beef Quality Of Finishing Steer Calves, G. L. Huck, Robert T. Brandt Jr., D.D. Simms, Gerry L. Kuhl, Michael E. Dikeman Jan 1991

Timing Of Trenbolone Acetate Implants On Performance, Carcass Characteristics, And Beef Quality Of Finishing Steer Calves, G. L. Huck, Robert T. Brandt Jr., D.D. Simms, Gerry L. Kuhl, Michael E. Dikeman

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Angus and Angus-cross calves (632 lb) were utilized in a finishing study to evaluate the effects of implanting with estradiol and progesterone (Synovex-S®) and(or) trenbolone acetate (Finaplix®) on performance of finishing steers. Over the entire finishing period (117 d), implanted steers had higher (P<.05) daily gains and were more efficient than nonimplanted steers. Carcasses from implanted cattle had heavier (P<.05) hot weights and larger (P<.05) ribeye areas. Steers implanted with Finaplix had larger (P<.05) ribeye areas than those implanted with Synovex only. Marbling scores and quality grades were not affected by implant treatments. Rib (9-10-11) sections from implanted steers were heavier (P<.05) as a result of both heavier (P<.05) bone and soft tissue weights. However, no differences in percentages of protein, fat, and moisture were detected by proximate analysis of the soft tissue. Concomitant use of Finaplix with Synovex-S did not affect performance of Angus and Anguscrossed steer calves.

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Monensin Levels In A Steam-Flaked Milo Finishing Diet With 4% Added Fat, Robert T. Brandt Jr., S.J. Anderson, J.K. Elliott Jan 1991

Monensin Levels In A Steam-Flaked Milo Finishing Diet With 4% Added Fat, Robert T. Brandt Jr., S.J. Anderson, J.K. Elliott

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Response to monensin (Control, 12.5, or 25 g/ton, air dry basis) by yearling steers fed a diet with 4% added fat was evaluated. For the entire study (104 d), daily gain, feed consumption and feed efficiency were unaffected (P>.25) by monensin. These results are in general agreement with some of our previous reports of diminished animal response to ionophores in fat-supplemented finishing diets. No adverse effects on animal health have been observed in our studies. However, whether withdrawing ionophores from finishing rations with 3.5-4% fat will affect the incidence of digestive upsets in commercial applications is not clear.

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Effects Of Speed Of Ration Step-Up And Monensin On Ruminal Ph, Lactate, And Protozoal Population In Feedlot Cattle, G. Towne, Robert T. Brandt Jr., Tiruvoor G. Nagaraja Jan 1991

Effects Of Speed Of Ration Step-Up And Monensin On Ruminal Ph, Lactate, And Protozoal Population In Feedlot Cattle, G. Towne, Robert T. Brandt Jr., Tiruvoor G. Nagaraja

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Fluctuations in ruminal pH, lactate concentration, and ciliated protozoal population were monitored in 40 individually fed crossbred heifers that were stepped up to an 85% concentrate diet either slowly (12 d) or rapidly (3 d), with or without monensin (30 ppm). Speed of step-up affected ruminal pH, lactate concentration and protozoal population initially (up to 28 d), but thereafter no differences occurred between the groups, suggesting adaptation to ruminal conditions. Monensin had no effect on ruminal pH, lactate concentration, or protozoal population.

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Influence Of Supplemental Fat And Monensin Plus Tylosin On Performance And Carcass Traits Of Finishing Steers, Robert T. Brandt Jr., J.K. Elliott, Tiruvoor G. Nagaraja Jan 1991

Influence Of Supplemental Fat And Monensin Plus Tylosin On Performance And Carcass Traits Of Finishing Steers, Robert T. Brandt Jr., J.K. Elliott, Tiruvoor G. Nagaraja

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Interactions between supplemental fat (3.5%) and monensin plus tylosin (25 plus 10 g/ton, respectively) on animal performance and carcass traits were evaluated in a 125-d finishing trial. Interactions on feed consumption (P=.07) and feed efficiency (P=.11) suggested that the ionophore response was diminished in the presence of supplemental fat. Steers fed monensin plus tylosin had a lower (P=.005) incidence of liver abscesses whether fat was fed or not, indicating that supplemental fat had no effect on tylosin activity.

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Effects Of Supplemental Ground Grain Sorghum During Grazing Of Endophyte-Infected Tall Fescue On Grazing And Subsequent Feedlot Performance Of Steers, A.S. Freeman, K.P. Coffey Jan 1991

Effects Of Supplemental Ground Grain Sorghum During Grazing Of Endophyte-Infected Tall Fescue On Grazing And Subsequent Feedlot Performance Of Steers, A.S. Freeman, K.P. Coffey

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Sixty-three crossbred steers (740 lb BW) were used to evaluate the effects of energy supplementation during grazing of endoplyte-infected tall fescue and on their subsequent feedlot performance. Grazing ADG was .53 lb/d for control (no supplementation) vs. .81 and 1.21 lb/d with .25% and .5% of BW as ground sorghum (GS), respectively. Grazing supplementation did not affect (P>.10) feedlot performance. Steers receiving .25% GS were 2.3% and 6.2% more efficient (P<.07) during the feedlot phase than 0% and .5% GS steers, respectively. The .5% GS steers were 3.8% less efficient (P<.07) during the feedlot phase than the 0% GS steers. Steers receiving grazing supplementation had increased (P<.07) adjusted backfat measurements and less desirable (P<.02) yield grades than non-supplemental controls. Supplementing steers grazing endophyte-infected fescue at .25% of BW with ground grain sorghum improved feedlot feed conversion compared to no supplementation and supplementing at .5% BW.

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Supplementation Of Ammoniated Wheat Straw In Wintering Diets Of Gestating Beef Cows, T.J. Beck, D.D. Simms, Robert T. Brandt Jr., R.C. Cochran, Gerry L. Kuhl Jan 1991

Supplementation Of Ammoniated Wheat Straw In Wintering Diets Of Gestating Beef Cows, T.J. Beck, D.D. Simms, Robert T. Brandt Jr., R.C. Cochran, Gerry L. Kuhl

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

During two winters, 96 beef cows in late gestation were utilized in 60-day precalving feeding trials to evaluate supplementation for cows fed ammoniated wheat straw. Treatments included: control--mineral supplement only (C), 3 lbs milo + mineral (3M), 6 lb milo + mineral (6M), and 2.75 lb milo + .75 lb soybean meal + mineral (SBM). 3M increased (P<.05) cow gain over control but body condition changes were similar. 6M and SBM resulted in similar gains and body weight changes, which were higher than those of cows receiving either C or 3M. Birth weight of calves, percent cycling at the start of breeding, and percent pregnant after a 60-day breeding season were not affected by treatment. Natural protein appears to be a major limiting nutrient in cows fed ammoniated wheat straw.

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Influence Of Water Treatment On Digestion Dynamics Of Steers Consuming High- And Low-Forage Diets, D.L. Harmon, A.D. Flood Jan 1991

Influence Of Water Treatment On Digestion Dynamics Of Steers Consuming High- And Low-Forage Diets, D.L. Harmon, A.D. Flood

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The influence of drinking water treatment (Oxion Inc., Hugoton, KS) on digestion and metabolism was evaluated in steers fed low- and high-forage diets. Water treatment did not influence digestibility of any nutrient measured nor did it influence the profile of ruminal metabolites. Water treatment did increase water consumption two- to threefold and also increased ruminal fractional water outflow (%/h) for steers fed the high forage, but not the high concentrate, diet. Increased water consumption could be a beneficial response, but it is not known if water consumption increases with management programs different than those used in the present study.

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Predicting Nutritional Composition Of Corn Grain Using Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy, G. Garcia-Lagombra, L.H. Harbers Jan 1991

Predicting Nutritional Composition Of Corn Grain Using Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy, G. Garcia-Lagombra, L.H. Harbers

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Corn grain samples collected over several years were used to develop equations for dry matter, crude protein, crude fiber, and ether extract (crude fat). Two computer models were used to select samples having a range of spectra (presumably a range of nutrient values) for developing calibration equations. Both methods selected an unexpectedly small number of samples; however, only the prediction of crude fiber appears questionable. Although coefficients of determination values are expected to be low with a small number of samples, standard errors of validation and prediction are consistently lower than those of standard (AOAC) methods, suggesting that the technology …

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