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Articles 691 - 720 of 3160
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Impact Of Pank1 Deletion On Mitochondrial Acetylation And Cardiac Function During Pressure Overload., Timothy N. Audam
Impact Of Pank1 Deletion On Mitochondrial Acetylation And Cardiac Function During Pressure Overload., Timothy N. Audam
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Recent studies have associated elevated protein acetylation levels with heart failure in humans. Although mechanisms promoting elevated acetylation levels are not fully known, excess acetyl-CoA may drive enzyme-independent acetylation of cardiac proteins. Accumulation of acetyl-CoA depends on the availability of sufficient CoA, whose production is regulated by pantothenate kinases in the CoA biosynthetic pathway. We show that cardiac proteins are hyperacetylated during heart failure in humans and tested in mice whether limiting CoA abundance would improve ventricular remodeling during pressure overload-induced hypertrophy. We limited cardiac CoA levels by deleting the rate-limiting enzyme in CoA biosynthesis, Pank1 (one of three PANK-encoding …
Investigations Of Potential Mechanisms Underlying Spinal Cord Injury-Induced Polyuria., Jason H. Gumbel
Investigations Of Potential Mechanisms Underlying Spinal Cord Injury-Induced Polyuria., Jason H. Gumbel
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Spinal cord injury (SCI) results in neurological impairments including motor, sensory, and autonomic dysfunction. These neurological deficits result in a litany of complications apart from muscular paralysis, including bladder, bowel, cardiovascular, and sexual function. SCI-induced polyuria (the overproduction/passage of urine) remains understudied, and therefore mechanisms behind it are largely unknown and require extensive investigation for potential targeted therapies to improve quality of life. The objective of this dissertation was to investigate potential mechanisms of SCI-induced polyuria and explore potential therapies to improve quality of life in the SCI population. Metabolic cages, Western blot, enzyme-linked immunoassay, and immunostaining were first used …
The Role Of Sphingolipids In Aki And The Progression To Ckd: Potential Therapuetic Targets., Nicholas A. Hoffman
The Role Of Sphingolipids In Aki And The Progression To Ckd: Potential Therapuetic Targets., Nicholas A. Hoffman
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is most simply defined as a rapid decline in kidney function over a period of hours to days. There is currently a lack of effective treatment options for patients with AKI, highlighting the need to identify new therapeutic targets. Sphingolipids play a number of roles in different models of AKI, suggesting they could be promising future targets for treating kidney injury. Specifically, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and its receptors (S1PRs) have been implicated in numerous inflammatory disorders and models of AKI. The purpose of this review is to better characterize the role of S1P receptors in models of …
Characterizing The Role Of Macrophages In Cisplatin-Induced Kidney Injury And Progression To Chronic Kidney Disease., Sophia M. Sears
Characterizing The Role Of Macrophages In Cisplatin-Induced Kidney Injury And Progression To Chronic Kidney Disease., Sophia M. Sears
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Cisplatin is a commonly used chemotherapeutic for treatment of many solid-organ cancers. Unfortunately, 30% of patients treated with cisplatin develop acute kidney injury (AKI), and even patients who do not develop AKI are at risk for long term declines in kidney function and development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). While traditional rodent toxicity studies have utilized a single, lethal dose of cisplatin, new models of cisplatin-induced kidney injury have revealed that repeated, low doses of cisplatin lead to development of kidney fibrosis. This model can be used to examine AKI-to-CKD transition processes. C57BL/6 mice are one of the most used …
Investigation Of Mitochondrial Inheritance In The Smut Fungus Sporisorium Reilianum., Hector Eduardo Mendoza
Investigation Of Mitochondrial Inheritance In The Smut Fungus Sporisorium Reilianum., Hector Eduardo Mendoza
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
An important goal in evolutionary biology is to address the origin of Earth’s immense biodiversity through the evolution of complex sexual reproduction mechanisms in eukaryotes. Inheritance of mitochondria during sexual reproduction has received special attention in recent years, as these organelles cannot be synthesized de novo and must be transmitted from parent to offspring. The importance of these organelles far exceeds its common function as the energy-producing “powerhouse” of the cell, as it has been found to also be involved in fundamental processes like apoptosis, aging and metabolic homeostasis. Thus, appropriate inheritance of mitochondria is essential for growth and development …
Visualizing Anhydrobiosis: Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation, Membraneless Organelles, And Cellular Reorganization., Clinton J. Belott
Visualizing Anhydrobiosis: Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation, Membraneless Organelles, And Cellular Reorganization., Clinton J. Belott
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Water is an integral and necessary component of life. It is then, exceedingly remarkable that some species are capable of surviving virtually complete water loss for extended periods of time. Several decades of intense research into anhydrobiosis, or life without water, have given significant insights into the molecular mechanisms governing this phenomenon. Anhydrobiosis-related intrinsically disordered (ARID) proteins have been demonstrated to be critically important for desiccation tolerance in many anhydrobiotic species and exhibit a considerably wide range of protective properties that include membrane stabilization, reinforcing bioglass formation, and protein stabilization. This dissertation begins with cellular dielectrophoresis suggesting that two ARID …
Recovery Methodologies And High Intensity Interval Training, Blake W. Johnson, Malcom T. Whitehead
Recovery Methodologies And High Intensity Interval Training, Blake W. Johnson, Malcom T. Whitehead
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to determine recovery from Tabata bodyweight high intensity interval training (HIIT) exercise using different recovery assessment methodologies across 24- and 48-hour time intervals. Participants (23.2 ± 3.1 years old, 163.1 ± 19.9 lbs., and 22.8 ± 9.6 % body fat) consisted of 3 females and 7 males (n=10) Individuals who were recreationally trained (4+ days per week, 30+ minutes per day at moderate to vigorous intensity) and conducted both Trial A (24-hours between HIIT sessions) and Trial B (48-hours between HIIT sessions). Before and during each session, heart rate, countermovement jump, perceptual, …
The Effects Of Gibberellic Acid, Smoke Water, And Cold Stratification On The Germination Of Native Perennial Seed, Zyreasha Tippins
The Effects Of Gibberellic Acid, Smoke Water, And Cold Stratification On The Germination Of Native Perennial Seed, Zyreasha Tippins
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
In this study, I evaluated the germination rates of twenty native plant species and their response to cold stratification as well as four chemical solution treatments—water (control), gibberellic acid, smoke water, and gibberellic acid with smoke water. Seeds were evaluated and counted twice a week. Of the twenty evaluated species, sixteen had germination rates over 3% or 1 seed out of 30. Stratification increased germination by 54% when compared to the control. For chemical treatments, gibberellic acid and gibberellic acid with smoke water were significantly different from the control and increased germination by an average of 47% and 48%, respectively. …
Identification Of Fluoxetine-Sert Interactions And Apo-Sert Studies Via Crosslinking Mass Spectrometry, Elizabeth Castellano
Identification Of Fluoxetine-Sert Interactions And Apo-Sert Studies Via Crosslinking Mass Spectrometry, Elizabeth Castellano
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The serotonin transporter (SERT) is a member of the neurotransmitter sodium symporter family of transporters. SERT controls the magnitude and duration of serotonergic neurotransmission by facilitating the reuptake of serotonin back into the pre-synaptic neuron and is thus a target for antidepressants. Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs) such as fluoxetine, are commonly prescribed to treat depression. SSRIs act by blocking reuptake and prolonging serotonin signaling. However, significant problems regarding selectivity and mechanisms of action of these drugs remain unresolved. The structures of SERT and related transporters have been determined and serve as useful structural models. However, they are typically mutated …
Deception Of Resistance And The Effects On Muscular Fitness And Perceived Exertion, Tyler Mchenry
Deception Of Resistance And The Effects On Muscular Fitness And Perceived Exertion, Tyler Mchenry
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Resistance training has been a popular tactic that individuals have used to increase muscular fitness for decades. Muscular fitness includes muscular endurance, strength, and power. However, limitations such as self-efficacy and the Central Governor Theory may influence individual maximal performance ability. One training tactic that has been rarely researched is the deception of resistance during exercise, which is assumed to increase performances in all aspects of muscular fitness and improvements in perceived effort. Inconsistent results have been concluded from previous studies that have examined the same topic. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of resistance …
Using Predator Vocalizations To Deter Raccoon Predation On Nests Of Diamondback Terrapins (Malaclemys Terrapin), Colleen Elizabeth Naeger
Using Predator Vocalizations To Deter Raccoon Predation On Nests Of Diamondback Terrapins (Malaclemys Terrapin), Colleen Elizabeth Naeger
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
No abstract provided.
Hydrodynamic Characteristics Of The Shortfin Mako Shark (Isurus Oxyrinchus) For Two Caudal Fin Morphologies, Matthew C. Rodriguez
Hydrodynamic Characteristics Of The Shortfin Mako Shark (Isurus Oxyrinchus) For Two Caudal Fin Morphologies, Matthew C. Rodriguez
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
No abstract provided.
Seasonal Habitat Use Of Diamondback Terrapins (Malaclemys Terrapin) In North Inlet, Winyah Bay, Georgetown, South Carolina, Danielle Elizabeth Capella
Seasonal Habitat Use Of Diamondback Terrapins (Malaclemys Terrapin) In North Inlet, Winyah Bay, Georgetown, South Carolina, Danielle Elizabeth Capella
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
No abstract provided.
Community Structure And Dynamics Of Benthic Macroinvertebrates In A Recreated Headwater Stream System On A Valley Fill In A Retrofitted Watershed Located In The Appalachian Coalfields Of Southeastern Kentucky (U.S.A.), Steven W. Bailey
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The extraction of coal from steep-gradient surface mining sites such as in the Appalachian Coalfields of the U.S. produces excess debris that is often placed in adjacent valleys resulting in the creation of valley fills. Not only are headwater streams buried in the process, but watershed functions are either destroyed outright, or become fragmented and disconnected from adjacent ecosystems resulting in adverse effects to downstream biological communities. In this dissertation, the dynamics of stream macroinvertebrate community structure, composition, diversity, and biotic integrity are assessed at a “proof of concept” stream system recreated on a retrofitted valley fill. For comparison, two …
An Analysis Of Loblolly Pine And Shortleaf Pine Hybridization Using Chromatography And Geographic Information Systems: A Case Study In East Texas, Gary White
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
East Texas forests contain three native pine species known to hybridize when site conditions are suitable. Due to increased gene flow from hybridization, quantifying hybridization spatially is a growing concern as southeastern United States pine forests are increasingly influenced by improved pine genetics and warmer, drier conditions from climate change. High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and spatial interpolation using Inverse Distance Weighted were conducted using terpenes extracted from needles of shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata), loblolly pine (Pinus taeda), and putative hybrid individuals sampled in Atlanta State Park, Tyler State Park, and Mission Tejas State Park ( …
Characterization Of Sabp2-Interacting Proteins (Sip) 428: An Nad+-Dependent Deacetylase Enzyme In Plant Abiotic Stress Signaling, Oviavo Nohoesu
Characterization Of Sabp2-Interacting Proteins (Sip) 428: An Nad+-Dependent Deacetylase Enzyme In Plant Abiotic Stress Signaling, Oviavo Nohoesu
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Abiotic stress leads to a change in the water content of plants. Salinity and osmotic stress affect both the morphology and physiology of plants. Plants have therefore responded to these environmental changes by adapting and tolerating them. The SABP2-interacting proteins (SIP) 428-silenced RNAi transgenic tobacco lines were subjected to various abiotic stresses (salinity, osmotic, and drought). The effect of SIP428-silencing on the tobacco plants subjected to these abiotic stresses was monitored. The results from the root growth data show that the sip428-silenced lines exhibit enhanced tolerance to the stressors compared to the wild-type plants. Interestingly, results of the relative chlorophyll …
Gabaergic-Related Pathology In The Anterior Cingulate Cortex Of Postmortem Human Brain Tissue In Autism Spectrum Disorder, Gethien Andrew
Gabaergic-Related Pathology In The Anterior Cingulate Cortex Of Postmortem Human Brain Tissue In Autism Spectrum Disorder, Gethien Andrew
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is part of the cognitive and emotional brain circuitry that mediates social interaction. Imbalances between inhibitory, GABAergic neurons, and excitatory, glutamatergic neurons, in this region are essential to brain circuity during social responses and are thought to be involved with behaviors associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Enriched cell populations of glutamatergic neurons, obtained through laser capture microdissection, were used for gene expression studies of GABAergic receptors (GABRA1, GABRA4, and GABBR1). Additionally, proteins that impact GABAergic synapses (Spinophilin, CPLX1, mTOR, IGF1R, PSD95, PARP1) were investigated using Western Blotting with punchdissected homogenate brain tissue from ACC …
Neuroinflammation, Peripheral Inflammation And Gut Microbiome Profiles In Male Mice From Two Proposed Mouse Models Of Social Behavior Deficits, Sarah Parkinson
Neuroinflammation, Peripheral Inflammation And Gut Microbiome Profiles In Male Mice From Two Proposed Mouse Models Of Social Behavior Deficits, Sarah Parkinson
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder marked by social deficits and repetitive actions. A communication pathway exists between the brain and gut called the gut-brain axis. It is thought that gut bacteria can secrete signaling molecules, triggering inflammation across the body. These studies attempt to determine if markers are expressed in two mouse models of ASD behaviors, BTBR and a valproic acid model. Immunohistochemistry of ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 from male mouse brain tissue showed no microglial activation in any group. Cytokine analysis did exhibit an increase in interleukin 1 (IL-1) in male adult mice only. …
The Effects Of Prescribed Burning On Soil Water Infiltration Rates And Other Select Soil Physical And Chemical Properties In East Texas, Cassady Pennington Dunson, Brian P. Oswald, Kenneth Farrish, Tyson Hart
The Effects Of Prescribed Burning On Soil Water Infiltration Rates And Other Select Soil Physical And Chemical Properties In East Texas, Cassady Pennington Dunson, Brian P. Oswald, Kenneth Farrish, Tyson Hart
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This study focused on whether prescribed burning affects soil physical and chemical properties, especially water infiltration, in Western Gulf Coast forests. Soil water infiltration rates were measured 1) pre-burn (before the fire), 2) post-burn (one month after the fire), and 3) at vegetation green-up (three months after the fire). Soil samples were also collected to determine the effects of prescribed burning on soil pH, bulk density, particle density, pore space, soil strength, O-horizon weight and depth (organic matter), water stable aggregates, and soil fertility. This project was conducted on two different burn intervals. The National Forests and Grasslands of Texas …
Investigating The Effects Of Perfluorooctanoic Sulfonate (Pfos) And Ethanol On Fatty Liver Disease Using A Modified Niaaa Model., Tyler Charles Gripshover
Investigating The Effects Of Perfluorooctanoic Sulfonate (Pfos) And Ethanol On Fatty Liver Disease Using A Modified Niaaa Model., Tyler Charles Gripshover
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) are a family of man-made, surfactant-like compounds that are a major environmental contaminant. A multitude of studies have indicated that PFAS are able to induce fatty liver disease and modulate lipid metabolism. However, the distinct mechanism of PFAS influence on the liver and metabolism disruption remains to be elucidated. On the other hand, it is well documented that alcohol consumption has various adverse health impacts including fatty liver disease and subsequent progression to more adverse liver states. To date, there are no published studies on whether PFAS and alcohol can jointly exacerbate fatty liver progression or interact …
Investigations Of Elastin Recoil On Molecular And Macroscopic Levels., Nour Mohammad Jamhawi
Investigations Of Elastin Recoil On Molecular And Macroscopic Levels., Nour Mohammad Jamhawi
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Elastin is one of the most hydrophobic proteins, and it is extremely flexible when hydrated. The driving force for recoil is the decrease in entropy of the protein and/or the hydrating solvent. This dissertation is a study of both mechanisms. Following an introduction (Chapter 1), Chapters 2 and 3 investigate the recoil mechanism on the molecular level in the hydrating solvent and in the protein, respectively. Chapter 4 examines macroscopic properties of recoil by thermomechanics. Conclusions are discussed in Chapter 5. Using double quantum NMR, the deuterated water ordering at the elastin surface was studied quantitatively as a function of …
The Influence Of Incubation Conditions On Oxygen Consumption During The Development Of Pantherophis Guttatus, Celeste Gallardo
The Influence Of Incubation Conditions On Oxygen Consumption During The Development Of Pantherophis Guttatus, Celeste Gallardo
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The flexible shell of some oviparous reptiles has led to differences in nutrient mobilization and water relations when compared to their rigid-shelled counterparts. Flexible-shelled eggs gain more water during development, and because of the shell structure, yolk calcium content is higher than that of eggshells. When water availability is altered for reptiles with flexible-shelled eggs, differences in both energy and nutrient utilization are observed. This study was designed to determine the baseline metabolic rate during development for the snake, Pantherophis guttatus under normal conditions, and to observe how changes in eggshell calcium and water availability impact embryonic oxygen consumption. Eggshell …
Molecular Dynamics Simulations Provide Insight Into Stability Of Hyperthermophilic Endoglucanases, Logan E. Sheffield
Molecular Dynamics Simulations Provide Insight Into Stability Of Hyperthermophilic Endoglucanases, Logan E. Sheffield
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Endoglucanases play a key role in the industrial production of bioethanol, but the most efficient method requires the utilization of high temperatures and is currently limited by the thermostability of endoglucanases. For this reason, it would be beneficial to discover more high-efficiency, thermostable enzymes to utilize in the hydrolytic process. In this study molecular dynamics simulations were performed on structurally similar endoglucanases with varying levels of thermostability to gain insight on what factors contribute to thermostability in endoglucanases. RMSD, RMSF, PCA, hydrogen bonding and salt bridges were analyzed. Finally, protein energy networks were constructed from nonbonded interaction potentials and analysis …
Food-Web And Functional Trait Community Structure Of Predator Assemblages In Pine Forests Under Different Management Regimes, Connor Adams
Food-Web And Functional Trait Community Structure Of Predator Assemblages In Pine Forests Under Different Management Regimes, Connor Adams
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Anthropogenic activities can alter natural disturbance regimes in ecosystems, and thereby affect the structure and function of biological diversity. As many of the world’s ecosystems are degraded beyond natural recovery, well-defined restoration goals are necessary to maintain the ecological processes that provide valuable ecosystem services. Utilizing taxonomic, functional, and food-web approaches, I investigated the impacts of forest management practices in structuring predator communities in two pine forest systems of eastern Texas. The results of this study indicate that the increased frequency of forest management practices such as prescribed fires and thinning operations encourages predator diversity while increasing functional and trophic …
Characterizing The Dormancy And Repair Of A Circumneutral Passive Remediation System Receiving Iron And Sulfate-Rich Amd, Garrett Struble
Characterizing The Dormancy And Repair Of A Circumneutral Passive Remediation System Receiving Iron And Sulfate-Rich Amd, Garrett Struble
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The Wingfield Pines remediation system is a ~20-acre circumneutral, gravity-fed system constructed in 2009 to passively remediate Fe from an ~2000 gallon/minute effluent. In 2017, a fracture to the system’s underground cavern caused the AMD effluent to bypass the system, flowing directly into Chartiers Creek and leaving the system decommissioned between 2017-2019. Soil slurry and water samples were collected in the weeks prior to the system’s reinstalment in September 2019 through January 2020 in order to determine the effect of the repair on remediation efficiency and microbial community composition. This study acted as the first to describe the temporary decommissioning …
Development Of A Habitat Model For An Endemic Leuciscid, The Sandhills Chub (Semotilus Lumbee), Garrett Mitchell Herigan
Development Of A Habitat Model For An Endemic Leuciscid, The Sandhills Chub (Semotilus Lumbee), Garrett Mitchell Herigan
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
No abstract provided.
Rna G-Quadruplex Structures: Functions In Noncoding Rnas And Disease, Emily Benner
Rna G-Quadruplex Structures: Functions In Noncoding Rnas And Disease, Emily Benner
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Paraspeckles are a relatively newly identified subnuclear body whose function is still largely unknown. They are membraneless organelles found within mammalian nuclei originally identified as being comprised of different paraspeckle proteins (PSPs), and later proven to also contain RNA. This study investigates the long non-coding RNA nuclear enriched abundant transcript 1 (NEAT1), which has been found to be indispensable in the formation of paraspeckles, with each containing up to 50 NEAT1 molecules. NEAT1 has two isoforms, the shorter NEAT1_1, and the longer NEAT1_2. The focus of this work will be on the NEAT1_2, which acts as a scaffold in the …
Effects Of Respiratory Perturbations On Aging And Healthspan In Daphnia Magna, Millicent Nkiruka Ekwudo
Effects Of Respiratory Perturbations On Aging And Healthspan In Daphnia Magna, Millicent Nkiruka Ekwudo
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Aging is a degenerative process characterized by a decline in physiological functions and cellular activities. Environmental and pharmacological interventions affecting longevity pathways have been extensively studied in model organisms. This study investigated the effect of chronic mild intermittent hypoxia (4 mg O2/L) or mild mitochondrial uncoupling with three doses of 0 (control), 0.1, 1, and 5 μM of 2,4-Dinitrophenol (DNP), on life history and gene expression in four clones of Daphnia magna. Interestingly, clones from intermittent ponds displayed better tolerance to hypoxia and DNP. Although neither treatments extended longevity, hypoxia increased fecundity and body size, and decreased food consumption and …
Investigating A Novel Function For Phosphoserine Aminotransferase 1 (Psat1) In Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (Egfr)-Mediated Lung Tumorigenesis., Rumeysa Biyik-Sit
Investigating A Novel Function For Phosphoserine Aminotransferase 1 (Psat1) In Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (Egfr)-Mediated Lung Tumorigenesis., Rumeysa Biyik-Sit
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Phosphoserine aminotransferase 1 (PSAT1) catalyzes the second enzymatic step within the serine synthetic pathway (SSP) and its expression is elevated in numerous human cancers, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutant NSCLC is characterized by activating mutations within its tyrosine kinase domain and accounts for 17% of lung adenocarcinomas. Although elevated SSP activity has been observed in EGFR-mutant lung cancer cells, the involvement of PSAT1 in EGFR-mediated oncogenesis is still unclear. Here, we explore a putative non-canonical function for PSAT1 using biochemical approaches to elucidate unknown interacting proteins and genomic RNA-seq profiling to identify cellular …
Harnessing The Power Of Trained Immunity In The Setting Of Pancreatic Cancer: A Novel Mechanism Of Immune Trafficking And Tumor Control., Anne Elena Geller
Harnessing The Power Of Trained Immunity In The Setting Of Pancreatic Cancer: A Novel Mechanism Of Immune Trafficking And Tumor Control., Anne Elena Geller
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Despite the success of immunotherapy in many types of cancer, pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has yet to benefit. Innate immune cells are critical to antitumor immunosurveillance and recent studies have revealed that these populations possess a form of memory, termed trained innate immunity, which occurs through transcriptomic, epigenetic, and metabolic reprograming. Though trained innate immunity has mostly been investigated in the context of infection, the induction of trained innate immunity could also protect against tumors, and specifically pancreatic tumors. Here, we demonstrate that yeast-derived particulate β-glucan, a known inducer of trained immunity, traffics to the pancreas following IP administration. This causes …