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Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

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Articles 1411 - 1440 of 1713

Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences

Fescues With Large Roots Are Drought Tolerant, H. A. Torbert, J. H. Edwards, Jeffrey F. Pedersen Jan 1990

Fescues With Large Roots Are Drought Tolerant, H. A. Torbert, J. H. Edwards, Jeffrey F. Pedersen

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Consideration of root/soil interactions is essential in, adapting tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) to soil and climatic conditions of the Coastal Plain region of the southeast. Sandy soils of the region are very susceptible to the formation of hardpans. These compacted layers often restrict plant root development to the plow layer (0 to 6 in.) and prevent plant roots from reaching available moisture and nutrients in the subsoil horizons. Plants grown under these conditions are shallow rooted and will be subjected to water stress up to 50% of the time during the growing season. Although implements are available to penetrate …

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Evaluation Of Seeding Rates Of Au Triumph And Endophyte-Infected Kentucky 31 Tall Fescue, Jeffrey F. Pedersen, D. M. Ball Jan 1990

Evaluation Of Seeding Rates Of Au Triumph And Endophyte-Infected Kentucky 31 Tall Fescue, Jeffrey F. Pedersen, D. M. Ball

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Increased difficulty in stand establishment of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) has been reported by producers since the introduction of endophyte (Acremonium coenophialum Morgan Jones and Gams)-free tall fescue seed into the market place. This has encouraged the use of higher seeding rates for endophyte-free tall fescue without scientific basis. The objective of this study was to determine whether ‘AU Triumph’, and endophyte-free cultivar, and endophyte-infected ‘Kentucky 31’ differ in minimum seeding rates for successful establishment. Experiments were established at two locations in each of two years, using a randomized complete block with four replications. Soils at the two locations …

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A Review Of The Agronomic Characteristics Of Endophyte-Free And Endophyte-Infected Tall Fescue, Jeffrey F. Pedersen, G. D. Lacefield, D. M. Ball Jan 1990

A Review Of The Agronomic Characteristics Of Endophyte-Free And Endophyte-Infected Tall Fescue, Jeffrey F. Pedersen, G. D. Lacefield, D. M. Ball

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Agronomic differences between endophyte- (Acremonium coenophialum Morgan Jones and Gams) free and endophyte-infected tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) exist, and should be considered when implementing a management strategy. Although dry matter yield of tall fescue does not generally appear to be influenced by endophyte infection status, endophyte infection has been shown to improve seedling performance and survival, is associated with insect and nematode resistance, drought resistance, improved nitrogen assimilation, and higher seed set. Considering all biologically valuable characters of the endophyte-tall fescue relationship, survival of endophyte-infected tall fescue is probably better than that of endophyte-free tall fescue, especially in drought- …

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Sulfur Deficiency In Poinsettia, Mary E. Dale, Ellen T. Paparozzi, James D. Carr Jan 1990

Sulfur Deficiency In Poinsettia, Mary E. Dale, Ellen T. Paparozzi, James D. Carr

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Cuttings of Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. ex Klotzsch ‘Dark Red Annette Hegg’ were grown hydroponically in minus S Hoagland’s solution modified to supply 0, 1, 2, 4, or 8 mg S/liter for 8 weeks. Nutrient solution changes; visual observations, sampling of tissue, and measurement of electrical conductivity and pH were done every 2 weeks. Deficiency symptoms appeared after 4 weeks of growth in treatments supplying 0 or 1 mg S/liter and occasionally in treatments supplying 2 mg S/liter. Symptoms included reddening of the petiole and main vein of new leaves followed by yellowing of these leaves. Leaf tissue S levels ranged …

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Adsorption Of The Herbicides Diuron, Terbacil, And Simazine To Blueberry Mulches, Laurie Hodges, Ronald E. Talbert Jan 1990

Adsorption Of The Herbicides Diuron, Terbacil, And Simazine To Blueberry Mulches, Laurie Hodges, Ronald E. Talbert

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Samples of soil, mulch, and the soil/mulch interface zone were collected from commercial highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) fields typical in their use of mulch under Arkansas conditions. Mulches included 1-year-old hardwood sawdust, 5-year-old hardwood sawdust, and 1-year-old pine needle mulch. Herbicide adsorption (Kd values) of the samples was determined for diuron, terbacil, and simazine. The soils, mulches, and interfaces adsorbed nearly 10 times as much diuron and more than twice as much simazine as terbacil. Adsorption of the herbicides was three to five times greater to the mulches than to the soils. Adsorption was significantly correlated with the …

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Stability Of Iaa And Iba In Nutrient Medium To Several Tissue Culture Procedures, Scott Nissen, Ellen Sutter Jan 1990

Stability Of Iaa And Iba In Nutrient Medium To Several Tissue Culture Procedures, Scott Nissen, Ellen Sutter

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

The relative stabilities of IAA and IBA under various tissue culture procedures were determined. IBA was significantly more stable than IAA to autoclaving. IBA was also found to be more stable than IAA in liquid Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) under growth chamber conditions. The stabilities of IBA and IAA were similar in agar-solidified MS. Light provided by cool-white fluorescent bulbs promoted degradation of IAA and IBA in both liquid and agar media. Activated charcoal in concentrations as high as 5% was found to adsorb more than 97% of IAA and IBA in liquid MS. These results have important implications …

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Rust Reaction And Pubescence In Alubia Beans, Haytham Z. Zaiter, Dermot P. Coyne, James R. Steadman Jan 1990

Rust Reaction And Pubescence In Alubia Beans, Haytham Z. Zaiter, Dermot P. Coyne, James R. Steadman

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Sixteen Alubia lines (15 with long, straight hairs and one with short, hooked hairs on trifoliolate leaves) derived from single-plant selections made in an Alubia landrace (Argentine) were used to evaluate the relation of abaxial leaf pubescence to reaction to rust in a greenhouse experiment. The pinto cultivar UI-114 (short, hooked hairs) was used as a susceptible check. One plant per pot, replicated six times, in a randomized complete-block design was used. The primary leaves and the sixth trifoliolates of all plants from 12- and 50-day-old plants, respectively, were inoculated with a water suspension of urediniospores (105 cells/ml) of rust …

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Yield And Quality Response Of Subirrigated Meadow Vegetation To Nitrogen, Phosphorus And Sulfur Fertilizer, James T. Nichols, Patrick E. Reece, Gary W. Hergert, Lowell E. Moser Jan 1990

Yield And Quality Response Of Subirrigated Meadow Vegetation To Nitrogen, Phosphorus And Sulfur Fertilizer, James T. Nichols, Patrick E. Reece, Gary W. Hergert, Lowell E. Moser

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Production practices that increase hay yields are important for beef cattle producers in the Nebraska Sandhills. This study evaluated the responses of subirrigated meadow vegetation to fertilization with N, P, and S over a 4-yr period. A factorial array of four levels of N (0, 45, 90 and 135 kg ha-1), two levels of P (0 and 20 kg ha-1) and two levels of S (0 and 22 kg ha-1) were applied each year to the same plots, arranged in a randomized complete block design. Average dry matter yields were increased by N, P, …

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Heritability Of Root Characteristics Affecting Mineral Uptake In Tall Fescue, J. H. Edwards, Jeffrey F. Pedersen, R. C. Kingery Jan 1990

Heritability Of Root Characteristics Affecting Mineral Uptake In Tall Fescue, J. H. Edwards, Jeffrey F. Pedersen, R. C. Kingery

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Modification of plant roots can potentially increase the area. of adaptation of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.). Limited information is available on the heritability of root diameter and root volume in tall fescue. A greenhouse experiment was conducted with'50 random 'Kentucky 31' (Ky-31) tall fescue parents and their progeny grown in aerated nutrient solution during four separate time intervals. Measurements of root volume, root diameter, shoot Mg concentration, and shoot K/(Mg + Ca) ratio were made six weeks after clonal material was transplanted in nutrient solution. Heritability estimates for root volume, root diameter, shoot Mg concentration, and shoot K/(Mg …

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Seedbed Effects On Grass Establishment On Abandoned Nebraska Sandhills Cropland, Milton King, Steven S. Waller, Lowell E. Moser, James L. Stubbendieck May 1989

Seedbed Effects On Grass Establishment On Abandoned Nebraska Sandhills Cropland, Milton King, Steven S. Waller, Lowell E. Moser, James L. Stubbendieck

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Perennial grass establishment on abandoned cropland in the Nebraska Sandhills difficult due to low soil fertility, organic matter, and water holding capacity and high potential erodibility. Establishment is further complicated by unpredictable precipitation and weed competition. Two warm-season grasses: sand bluestem [Andropogon gerardii var. paucipilus (Nash) Fern.] and switchgrass (Panicam virgatum L.); and 2 cool-season grasses: smooth brome (Bromus inermis Leyss.) and intermediate wheat-grass [Thinopyrum intermedium (Host) Barkw. & D.R. Dewey subsp. were evaluated with spring-seeded field trials. Seedbed preparation [untilled, disced, and dead oat (Avena sativa L.) cover (DOC)] effect on seeded grass and …

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Bradyrhizobium Japonicum Survival In And Soybean Inoculation With Fluid Gels, Michael D. Jawson, Alan J. Franzluebbers, Robert K. Berg Mar 1989

Bradyrhizobium Japonicum Survival In And Soybean Inoculation With Fluid Gels, Michael D. Jawson, Alan J. Franzluebbers, Robert K. Berg

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

The utilization of gels, which are used for fluid drilling of seeds, as carriers of Bradyrhizobium japonicum for soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) inoculation was studied. Gels of various chemical composition (magnesium silicate, potassium acrylate-acrylamide, grafted starch, and hydroxyethyl cellulose) were used, although the hydroxyethyl cellulose gels were more extensively investigated. Gel inocula were prepared by mixing gel powder with liquid cultures of B. japonicum (2% [wt/vol]). The population of B. japonicum USDA 110 did not change in each gel type during 8 days of incubation at 28°C. These fluid gels were prepared with late-exponential-growth-phase cells that were washed …

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Atrazine And Fertilizer Effects On Sandhills Sub- Irrigated Meadow, John J. Brejda, Lowell E. Moser, Steven S. Waller, Stephen R. Lowry, Patrick E. Reece, James T. Nichols Mar 1989

Atrazine And Fertilizer Effects On Sandhills Sub- Irrigated Meadow, John J. Brejda, Lowell E. Moser, Steven S. Waller, Stephen R. Lowry, Patrick E. Reece, James T. Nichols

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Many Nebraska Sandhills sub irrigated meadows have shifted to predominantly cool-season grasses. Meadows are often cut in July when forage quality of cool-season is lower than that of warm season species. The objective of this research was to evaluate a one-time application of atrazine [6-chloro-N-ethyl-N’-(l-methylethyl)- 1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine] in restoring dominance of warm-season grasses and to determine lf nitrogen (N) with and without phosphorus (P) would enhance or prolong the atrazine effect on specks composition, yield, crude protein, and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD). Atrazine WM applied once at 0,2.2, and 3.3 kg/ha In spring or fall 1983 and 1984 to …

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Genetic Variability For Seedling Atrazine Tolerance In Indiangrass, J. G. Kube, Kenneth P. Vogel, Lowell E. Moser Feb 1989

Genetic Variability For Seedling Atrazine Tolerance In Indiangrass, J. G. Kube, Kenneth P. Vogel, Lowell E. Moser

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Indiangrass [Sorghustrum nutans (L.) Nash] lacks sufficient seedling atrazine [6-chloro-N-ethyl-N’-(l-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine] tolerance to permit the use of atrazine as a pre-emergence herbicide. The principle objective of this study was to estimate the genetic variability for seedling atrazine tolerance in two indiangrass populations, 'Nebraska 54' and 'Holt', using seed harvested from replicated clones. Seedling survival in soil containing 3 mg kg-1 atrazine was determined in the greenhouse. There was significant genetic variability among half-sib families of both populations for seedling atrazine tolerance. Heritability estimates were greater than 0.50. There was also significant genetic variability among the …

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Farming Systems Research/Extension And The Concepts Of Sustainability, Charles A. Francis, Peter E. Hildebrand Jan 1989

Farming Systems Research/Extension And The Concepts Of Sustainability, Charles A. Francis, Peter E. Hildebrand

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Farming Systems Research and Extension (FSR/E) has strongly influenced the direction of agricultural development over the past two decades. Involving farmers, change agents and researchers, this participatory approach to technological improvement has evolved as an efficient means to develop individual components and more integrated systems that are uniquely suited to specific biophysical and socioeconomic conditions. Farmers with similar conditions and for whom specific recommendations are appropriate are grouped, in FSR/E, into identifiable Recommendation Domains. The technologies recommended conform with the biophysical and socioeconomic constraints that create environments within the domains, based on the philosophy that new technologies must conform with …

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Teaching Weed Identification At Twenty U.S. Universities, John L. Lindquist, Peter Fay, James Nelson Jan 1989

Teaching Weed Identification At Twenty U.S. Universities, John L. Lindquist, Peter Fay, James Nelson

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

The methods used to teach weed identification at 20 U.S. universities were obtained for comparison through a telephone survey in December, 1986, and January, 1987. Weed identification is taught as a portion (30%) of the laboratory section in introductory weed science courses. Only five have a separate weed identification course. Field trips frequently are used to teach weed identification. Students must learn from 50 to 125 weed species with some seedling identification. Pressed plant collections of approximately 50 weed species normally are required. Most instructors strongly suggest using live plants and repetition for long-term learning.

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Concetta Tm (Papconc) C.V. (Rose Plant), Ellen T. Paparozzi Jan 1989

Concetta Tm (Papconc) C.V. (Rose Plant), Ellen T. Paparozzi

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

A new and distinct variety of rose plant of the hybrid tea rose class, which was originated as a sport of the rose Gabriella; characterized by its bright orange red, well-formed hybrid tea type blooms with dark velvet overtones on the outer edges of the open flower; disease resistant with everblooming habit and outstanding pot forcing characteristics.

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Independent Inheritance Of Genes For Dhurrin And Leucoanthocyanidin In A Sorghum Cross, Francis A. Haskins, Herman J. Gorz Sep 1988

Independent Inheritance Of Genes For Dhurrin And Leucoanthocyanidin In A Sorghum Cross, Francis A. Haskins, Herman J. Gorz

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Flag leaves of KS8 sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] are low in dhurrin (p-hydroxy-(S)-mandelonitrile-β-D-glucoside] content and thus in hydrocyanic acid potential (HCN-p), and they contain little (if any) leucoanthocyanidin (LAC). Comparable leaves of 'Colman' sorghum are intermediate in HCN-p and high in LAC. This study was conducted to investigate the inheritance of HCN-p and LAC in crosses of KS8 × Colman. Flag leaves from field-grown plants of both parents; the F1 KS8 × Colman; the backcross, KS8 × (KS8 × Colman); and the F2, (KS8 × Colman) selfed, were assayed for both …

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Atrazine Dissipation And Off-Plot Movement In A Nebraska Sandhills Subirrigated Meadow, John J. Brejda, Lowell E. Moser, Patrick J. Shea, Steven S. Waller Sep 1988

Atrazine Dissipation And Off-Plot Movement In A Nebraska Sandhills Subirrigated Meadow, John J. Brejda, Lowell E. Moser, Patrick J. Shea, Steven S. Waller

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Atrazine [6-chloro-N-ethyl-N’-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine] can be used to modify species composition of naturally subirrigated Sandhills meadows. The potential for ground water contamination exists as the water table depth ranges from 0 to 3 m. Atrazine was applied at 2.2 and 3.4 kg ha-1 in May 1984, August 1984, or May 1985 to a Gannett fine sandy loam (Typic Haplaquoll, coarse-loamy, mixed, mesic) in a Nebraska Sandhills subirrigated meadow. Residues of atrazine applied in 1984 and 1985 carried over into 1985 and 1986, respectively. Herbicide dissipation and off-plot movement were monitored in 1985 by sampling soil at 0 to 5 cm and …

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Grass Seedling Emergence, Morphology, And Establishment As Affected By Planting Depth, P. R. Newman, Lowell E. Moser May 1988

Grass Seedling Emergence, Morphology, And Establishment As Affected By Planting Depth, P. R. Newman, Lowell E. Moser

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

The seeding depth of grasses affects emergence and adventitious root development. Seedling root morphology and development should be considered when determining planting depth for forage grasses. A field study was conducted on a Kennebec silt loam (fine-silty, mixed, mesic Cumulic Hapludolls) during June to August 1985 and 1986 to investigate the effect of planting depth on seedling emergence, morphology, and establishment of smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.), big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii var. gerardii Vibnan), indiangrass [Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash], and switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.). Seeds were planted by hand to insure seeding depths of 1.5, 3.0, …

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Seedling Root Development And Morphology Of Cool-Season And Warm-Season Forage Grasses, P. R. Newman, Lowell E. Moser Feb 1988

Seedling Root Development And Morphology Of Cool-Season And Warm-Season Forage Grasses, P. R. Newman, Lowell E. Moser

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

A detailed description of grass seedling root morphology is essential to understand the differences in the establishment process among grasses. A repeated greenhouse study using a 1:1 mixture of Sharpsburg silty clay loam (fine, montmorillonitic, mesic Typic Argiudolls) and coarse sand was conducted to determine root morphology differences at the third-leaf stage among nine cool-season forage grasses, creeping foxtail (Alopecurus arundinaceous Poir., reed canarygrass, (Phalaris arundinacea L.), smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.), tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), russian wildrye (Elymus junceus Fish.), crested wheatgrass [Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn.], intermediate …

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Photographic Technique For Grass Seedling Root Systems, P. R. Newman, Lowell E. Moser Feb 1988

Photographic Technique For Grass Seedling Root Systems, P. R. Newman, Lowell E. Moser

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

In descriptive studies of seedling root morphology a seedling root system must be clearly visible to develop clear photographs. A technique for photographing grass seedling root systems has been developed for morphological-developmental studies. Seedlings were carefully washed form the growing media and placed in a thin tank with two glass sides filled with water and with a grid pattern on one side. The lower stem and root system were immersed in the water where the natural buoyancy of the root system in water allowed the root to spread out, which improved visibility. Photographs were taken of the illuminated seedling root …

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Colorimetric Determination Of Cyanide In Enzyme-Hydrolyzed Extracts Of Dried Sorghum Leaves, Francis A. Haskins, Herman J. Gorz, Robert M. Hill Jan 1988

Colorimetric Determination Of Cyanide In Enzyme-Hydrolyzed Extracts Of Dried Sorghum Leaves, Francis A. Haskins, Herman J. Gorz, Robert M. Hill

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

The purpose of this study was to develop a simple and effective procedure for assaying large numbers of sorghum leaf samples for their potential to release cyanide. The procedure involves drying the tissue at 75 °C (this was accomplished without loss of the cyanogenic glucoside dhurrin), grinding the dry tissue, extracting with water, digesting the extract with an almond meal extract to release cyanide, and determining cyanide in the digest colorimetrically. Results obtained were comparable to those based on distillation of digested samples and potentiometric determination of cyanide in the distillates. The equipment and supplies required for the procedure are …

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Foraging Quality And Performance Of Yearlings Grazing Switchgrass Strains Selected For Differing Digestibility, Bruce Anderson, J. K. Ward, K. P. Vogel, M. G. Ward, Francis A. Haskins, Herman J. Gorz Jan 1988

Foraging Quality And Performance Of Yearlings Grazing Switchgrass Strains Selected For Differing Digestibility, Bruce Anderson, J. K. Ward, K. P. Vogel, M. G. Ward, Francis A. Haskins, Herman J. Gorz

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) is a native, perennial warm-season grass commonly used as summer pasture. Three strains of switchgrass with different in vitro DM disappearance (IVDMD) values were evaluated with yearling cattle (Bos taurus) in three replicated grazing trials. All strains were similar in genetic background, maturity and yield potential. 'Trailblazer' (high-IVDMD) resulted in higher (P < .05) ADG than 'Pathfinder' and 'low-IVDMD'. Available forage of Trailblazer had higher IVDMD than Pathfinder and low-IVDMD. The IVDMD differences among strains were similar throughout the season; IVDMD declined between 0.3 and 0.5 percentage units per day. Forage availability, CP, NDF and ADF, permanganate lignin and ash were similar among strains. This study documents that plant breeders can select switchgrass plants for higher IVDMD and that strains consisting of progeny of these plants can result in higher animal gains than strains consisting of progeny of unselected or low-IVDMD plants with similar genetic background, forage yield, maturity, morphology and chemical composition.

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Relationship Of European Corn Borer Resistance In Sorghum To Hcn-P And Dmboa Content In Leaf And Sheath-Collar Tissue, W. D. Guthrie, Francis A. Haskins, Herman J. Gorz Jan 1988

Relationship Of European Corn Borer Resistance In Sorghum To Hcn-P And Dmboa Content In Leaf And Sheath-Collar Tissue, W. D. Guthrie, Francis A. Haskins, Herman J. Gorz

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Both high- and low-HCN-p genotypes of sorghum, Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench, were resistant to the European com borer (ECB), Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner). It was not proven that HCN-p is or is not a chemical factor conditioning resistance to leaf feeding by first-generation ECB and resistance to sheath-collar feeding by second-generation ECB in sorghum. If HCN-p is a resistance factor, however, it is effective at very low levels because levels in the low-HCN-p genotypes were very low. DIMBOA is not a chemical factor conditioning resistance in sorghum to the ECB because midwhorl leaves and sheath-collar tissue of both high- and low-HCN-p …

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Forage Quality And Performance Of Yearlings Grazing Switchgrass Strains Selected For Differing Digestibility, Bruce Anderson, J. K. Ward, K. P. Vogel, M. G. Ward, Herman J. Gorz, Francis A. Haskins Jan 1988

Forage Quality And Performance Of Yearlings Grazing Switchgrass Strains Selected For Differing Digestibility, Bruce Anderson, J. K. Ward, K. P. Vogel, M. G. Ward, Herman J. Gorz, Francis A. Haskins

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) is a native, perennial warm-season grass commonly used as summer pasture. Three strains of switchgrass with different in vitro DM disappearance (IVDMD) values were evaluated with yearling cattle (Bos taurus) in three replicated grazing trials All strains were similar in genetic background, maturity and yield potential. 'Trailblazer' (high-IVDMD) resulted in higher (P < .05) ADG than 'Pathfinder' and 'low-IVDMD'. Available forage of Trailblazer had higher IVDMD than Pathfinder and low-IVDMD. The IVDMD differences among strains were similar throughout the season; IVDMD declined between .3 and .5 percentage units per day. Forage availability, CP, NDF and ADF, permanganate lignin and ash were similar among strains. This study documents that plant breeders can select switchgrass plants for higher IVDMD and that strains consisting of progeny of these plants can result in higher animal gains than strains consisting of progeny of unselected or low-IVDMD plants with similar genetic background, forage yield, maturity, morphology and chemical composition.

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Levels And Timing Of Nitrogen Fertilizer Applications For Tall Fescue In Central Alabama, J. W. Odom, Jeffrey F. Pedersen Jan 1988

Levels And Timing Of Nitrogen Fertilizer Applications For Tall Fescue In Central Alabama, J. W. Odom, Jeffrey F. Pedersen

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), the most important cool season perennial pasture grass in the United States, is generally well adapted to the northern two-thirds of Alabama. Unfortunately, the most commonly grown tall fescue cultivar, Kentucky 31, is of northern origin and is dormant during the winter. To reduce this problem, AU Triumph was selected from Mediterranean germplasm. The Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station released this cultivar to growers in 1981. Compared to Kentucky 31, AU Triumph produces about 80 percent more forage during the winter and produces mature seed about 2 weeks earlier in the spring. Total annual forage production …

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Considerations In Breeding Endophyte-Free Tall Fescue Forage Cultivars, Jeffrey F. Pedersen, D. A. Sleper Jan 1988

Considerations In Breeding Endophyte-Free Tall Fescue Forage Cultivars, Jeffrey F. Pedersen, D. A. Sleper

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Breeding tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) cultivars that are free of the endophytic fungus Acremonium coenophialum Morgan-Jones and Gams [previously identified and referred to as Epichloe typhina (Fries) Tulasne] is necessary to improve animal performance. The techniques used in developing new cultivars are not greatly different from those used previously, with one exception. Prior to the evaluation of new tall fescue lines or populations, the endophyte needs to be eliminated from the seed or the plants. Several techniques utilizing aging, heat, or chemical treatment are being used to effectively accomplish this in the seed. Methods for permanently eliminating the endophyte …

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Colorimetric Determination Of Cyanide In Enzyme-Hydrolyzed Extracts Of Dried Sorghum Leaves, Francis A. Haskins, Herman J. Gorz, Robert M. Hill Jan 1988

Colorimetric Determination Of Cyanide In Enzyme-Hydrolyzed Extracts Of Dried Sorghum Leaves, Francis A. Haskins, Herman J. Gorz, Robert M. Hill

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

The purpose of this study was to develop a simple and effective procedure for assaying large numbers of sorghum leaf samples for their potential to release cyanide. The procedure involves drying the tissue at 75 °C (this was accomplished without loss of the cyanogenic glucoside dhurrin), grinding the dry tissue, extracting with water, digesting the extract with an almond meal extract to release cyanide, and determining cyanide in the digest colorimetrically. Results obtained were comparable to those based on distillation of digested samples and potentiometric determination of cyanide in the distillates. The equipment and supplies required for the procedure are …

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Potential For Hydrocyanic Acid Poisoning Of Livestock By Indiangrass, Kenneth P. Vogel, H. J. Gorz, Francis A. Haskins Nov 1987

Potential For Hydrocyanic Acid Poisoning Of Livestock By Indiangrass, Kenneth P. Vogel, H. J. Gorz, Francis A. Haskins

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Hydrocyanic acid or prussic acid poisoning of livestock by sorghums [Sorghum bicolor (L.)Moench] and sudangrasses [Sorghum sudanese (Piper) Stapf] is caused by the digestive liberation of hydrocyanic acid (HCN) from the cyanogenic compound, dhurrin [(S)-p-hydroxymandelonitrile ,β-D-glucopyranoside] found in tissue of these plants. Recent research documented that dhurrin is also present in indiangrass [Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash] seed- lings. The purpose of this study was to determine the hydrocyanic acid potential (HCN-p) of forage from established stands of indiangrass. Five cultivars representative of indiangrass germplasm of the Great Plains were sampled during the growing season for 2 years …

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Identification Of Chromosomes That Condition Dhurrin Content In Sorghum Seedlings, H. J. Gorz, Francis A. Haskins, R. Morris, B. E. Johnson Apr 1987

Identification Of Chromosomes That Condition Dhurrin Content In Sorghum Seedlings, H. J. Gorz, Francis A. Haskins, R. Morris, B. E. Johnson

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Young plants of sorghum and sudangrass [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) may be toxic to livestock because of the presence of the cyanogenic glucoside, dhurrin [p-hydroxy-(S}-mandelonitrile-β-Dglucoside), in the forage. In the present study a set of 11 chromosomal reciprocal translocations in 'Combine 7078' grain sorghum, involving each of the 10 chromosome pairs of sorghum in at least two of the translocations, was used to determine which chromosomes carried genes conditioning dhurrin content of sorghum seedlings. Each translocation stock was crossed and backcrossed once to a low-dhurrin line of sudangrass. Backcross progenies and parental plants were started in the …

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