Life Sciences Commons^™

Comparative Study Of The Composition And Quality Of Bulk Tank Milk, Kay M. Nilson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

During the past decade, many changes have taken place in the dairy industry. At the present time, the industry is endeavoring to improve the quality and handling of milk. This is being accomplished by new equipment and improved methods.

In recent years the handling and transporting of milk by means of the ten gallon can is being replaced by the bulk tank system. With improved farm and truck tanks, milk can be cooled rapidly and stored at a lower temperature.

There are a few problems pertaining to quality, fat tests and weights in handling milk in bulk tanks. Among the …

A Comparative Study Of Milk Solids And Corn Syrup Solids In The Manufacture Of Sherbets, George C. Walker

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Burke says, "Product inferiority constitutes the greatest menace to the success and progress of any industry." The ice cream industry is no exception. Improvement in the quality of dairy products is a challenge that always faces the industry. Today's products are good, but they can be improved, Sherbet is one product that should be improved most. Many ice cream manufacturers are losing a great potential market because sherbets generally are of poor quality.

The Backcross Method In Breeding Tomatoes Resistant To Fusarium Wilt, Joseph L. Peterson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Many times the plant pathologist and plant breeder are confronted with a plant disease which requires the development of a resistant variety in a limited time. Any breeding program which requires selection from a large population during each segregating generation to insure the right genetic combination will, of course, lengthen the period which it will take to develop this resistant variety. The backcross method of plant breeding, in many cases, helps the plant pathologist and plant breeder develop resistant varieties containing characteristics similar to those of the desired parental type within a shorter period of time.

Green Rot Of Apricot, Abdul Karim N. Alrayis

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This disease, also called jacket rot of apricot, was first though to be similar to a disease caused by a fungus found in central California. The Utah disease was first noted in 1953, in the Henry Hall Chinese apricot orchard at North Ogden. It was not very severe in 1953, but in 1954 and 1955 it affected half of the crop. In 1956 the disease could not be found in the orchard. Infection occurred in young green fruit resulting in brown to black necrotic lesions which varied from 1/4 to 3/4 inches in diameter. Infected fruits usually dropped from the …

Banding And Marking Methods In Studying Seasonal Movements Of The Sharp-Tailed Grouse In Morton County, North Dakota, Albert T. Klett

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The Great Plains variety of the sharp-tailed grouse Pediocetes phasianellus jamesi Lincoln was the predominant upland game bird during the exploratory and early settlement period in North Dakota (Coues 1874 and 1878, Larson 1928, and Williams 1926). Since then its status has diminished as the prairie grassland gradually was converted to intensively used pastures and cropland. Although the sharptail is still abundant enough in its remaining habitat to provide for liberal annual harvests, further demand on these lands by a growing human population will make it necessary to apply game management measures other than hunting regulations if the sharptail is …

Thermodynamics Of Phosphate Absorption On Several Charcoals, James Duncan Beaton

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Phosphorus has long been recognized by agriculturists as being one of the elements essential for plant growth. Although the total phosphorus content of a soil may be high, the amount of phosphate actually available for plant growth is often low. Many agencies such as inherent low solubilities of phosphate compounds, adsorption on Ca C03, adsorption in the diffuse double layer of clay micelles, and chemical precipitation of phosphate which refers to the removal of phosphate ions from solution and their chemical bonding to the solid phase have been studied to explain the lack of phosphate availability.

Combining Field Fertilizer Trials With Soil Tests In An Effort To Obtain The Most Suitable Soil Nitrogen And Phosphorous Tests For Southern Alberta, Einard Haniuk

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Under dryland farming operations, the use of fertilizers is often restricted due to limited crop response arising from limited seasonal moisture. Once this dryland area is brought under irrigation, there is increased use of fertilizers and increased demands for greater exactness in amounts of fertilizers to apply, due to efforts which are made to increase the returns from the land by introduction of new farming techniques and crops.

The Measurement Of Physical Properties Of Field Soil, Wilbur Sloat

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Since the beginning of soil tilled agriculture, there have been many controversies as to the proper kinds and amounts of soil tillage required to establish and produce a crop. These controversies have ranged far and wide between farmers, extension service personnel, agricultural specialists, in fact almost every person connected with agriculture has his own unique concept of what constitutes proper tillage. The concepts vary widely from a no tillage program, for certain perennial row crops, to the extreme dust mulch program.

The Alkali Tolerance Of Tall Wheatgrass, David L. Carter

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Alkali land occurs adjacent to nearly every extensively irrigated area. Much of this land is too alkaline to produce profitable crops. Each year thousands of acres or land are going out of production because or increasing alkalinity. This presents one or the most acute problem which confronts irrigation agriculture today.

Cost And Efficiency In Producing Sugar Beets In Utah County, Utah, 1951, Randolph Lamar Larsen

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Man has always included some form of sugar in his diet. Only in the past two centuries has sugar been developed as an individual food. During that time vast amounts of money and time have gone into the development and improvement of sugar. In 1747, a German chemist by the name of Andreas Marggraf proved that sugar beets contained sugar. One of his pupils, Franz Karl Achard, in 1799 gave further evidence of this fact by his experiments.

Breakfast Habits Of Some Utah School Children, Marlene M. Stegelmeier

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

During the last 10 years, much emphasis has been placed on the importance of breakfast for people of all ages. Nutritionists have pointed out that persons who eat a hearty breakfast show fewer signs of mid-morning fatigue, have or develop better work habits, and do not get as hungry as those who eat little or no breakfast.

Many people do not realize the importance of starting the day with a good breakfast. The 12 to 13 hour fast which the body undergoes from the evening meal until breakfast time requires the consumption of an adequate breakfast. Many poor breakfasts may …

The Relative Saponin Content Of Alfalfa Varieties In Utah As Measured By Chick Growth Depression, Morris Dean Wilding

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Bloat among ruminants is not new to farmers or scientists. One learns from a Roman author's description of this ailment written in 60 A. D. that the symptoms have changed little since that time. Literature also records that the treatments used today for the prevention and relief of bloat are similar to those prescribed by the early Romans (Anonymous 1954).

A Study Of The Root Rot-Nematode Complex And The Comparative Yield Of 17 Varieties Of Alfalfa In Washington County, Utah, J. Clair Theurer

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Alfalfa is the major forage crop in the state of Utah. It is especially important in Washington County where mild temperatures allow the production of 4 to 5 cuttings each year, and where the dairy industry is increasing.

The Effects Of Hunting Season Length On Comparable Pheasant Populations, Temple A. Reynolds

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

For many years sportsmen have speculated that hunting limits pheasant populations. With the abolition of the Pheasant Game Farm program in Utah in 1953, this popular concept gained much impetus with the result that, because of public disfavor to a longer season, a 3 to 5 day season on pheasants is the maximum that has been called in northern Utah and this only in areas classed as "better" pheasant habitat.

In contrast to the short seasons in Utah, pheasant seasons in southern Idaho have been from 8½ to 15½ days long for the past 10 years, and will be even …

The Use Of Branchiostegal Rays To Determine Age Of Lake Trout Salvelinus Namaycush Walbaum, Ross Vivian Bulkley

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Any method used in aging fish must fulfill certain requirements to be satisfactory. If the method is inaccurate, naturally little reliance can be placed upon its use. If considerable study of the method and much practice are required before accurate readings can be obtained, the method will not come into widespread use. The requirements of an aging method, then are that it must be accurate and comparatively easy. The scale method for aging lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush Walbaum) unfortunately does not fulfill these requirements. It has always been difficult to tell the age of lake trout by the examination …

Retail Merchandising Practices For Eggs And Poultry Products In Utah, 1955, M. Vincent Jorgensen

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Poultry and egg purchases represent a substantial part of the consumers' dollar spent for food. The Marketing and Transportation Situation reported that the average American family of 3.3 persons used 11.3 percent of its food expenditures for the purchase of chickens and eggs in 1953. This means that the average family spent $113.00 for eggs and chickens during that year.

A Comparison Of Devices For Measuring Soil Moisture Tension And Their Effectiveness In Predicting Irrigation Requirements In The Field, Modesto Capiel

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Many problems of management of irrigated soils require a knowledge of the soil moisture status and its relationship to plant growth before they can be solved.

The amount of water in the soil as indicated by moisture content gives no reliable information of its availability for plant growth. It is therefore desirable to obtain a direct measurement of the readiness with which soil water can be obtained by the plant

the "field capacity" and the "wilting percentage" have been helpful in estimating the amount of soil water that can be used by plants.

Soil sampling has been used extensively to …

A Study Of The Variability Of Distichlis Stricta Selections From Several Geographical Locations In The Western United States, Arlan Kent Nielson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Distichlis stricts as indicated by the available literature is rather unpalatable, but has the ability to grow vigorously on wet, saline, or alkali soils where more palatable species will not survive. D. stricts can be eradicated quickly where drainage and cultivation can be practices, but there are thousands of acres in the United States, Canada, Mexico, and Argentina where cultivation or drainage are impractical or impossible.

On such problem soils, where the majority of the vegetation consists largely of D. stricts, a great deal of benefit would be derived from any improvement in the forage quality of this species. …

Growth Of The Fungus, Verticillium Albo-Atrum In Resistant And Non-Resistant Strains Of A Tomato Variety And Its Effect On Plant Growth, Robert M. Zundel

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Verticillium wilt, caused by the fungus, Verticillium albo-atrum, is a destructive disease of tomatoes in many areas. Due to the seriousness of this problem, Cannon and Waddoups (1) have developed resistance to this disease in some commercial varieties grown in Utah.

The Airplane In Unit Sampling Of Mule Deer Populations In Harding County, South Dakota, Karl B. Kuhlmann

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The prairie deer region of South Dakota extends west from the Missouri River to the Black Hills. The region borders the states of Nebraska, Wyoming, Montana, and North Dakota, and is approximately 40,000 square miles in extent. Biologists believe that present deer numbers on these prairies are similar to those of pre-homestead days. The present large numbers of deer in certain counties have given many prairie ranchers and farmers cause for concern. The region's first deer season (bucks only) in 1952 resulted from earlier increases in mule and whitetail herds. After a closed season in 1953, a hunter's choice of …

Ecology Of Plant Distribution On The Salt-Deserts Of Utah, Dillard H. Gates

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The reciprocal effects of vegetation and soils have long been a subject of speculation and conjecture. In the management of any natural land area the problem of interpreting vegetational expression is especially important. The effects of native vegetation on soils and the effects of the soil on the vegetation have been studied and observed for many years. The arid-desert range lands have been studied least and as a result are not well understood.

As human populations increase there will be additional need for agricultural production, and these lands may be put to higher use, perhaps even to irrigated crop production. …

A Comparison Of Fluid Milk Processing 6 And 3 Days Per Week In One Small Plant, Utah 1953, John L. Willis

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Many of the fluid milk processing plants in Utah are relatively small. The typical small plant in Utah is generally family operated with some hired help. Although most of the small plants are individually owned, some are operated as partnerships. Often the same man picks-up, processes, and then delivers the milk. Some of the processors also own dairy herds. In these cases the same man performs all the functions necessary to carry the milk products from the farm to the consumer's door. It is not uncommon to find the plant owner and manager performing all these duties himself.

Larger floor …

Non-Return Conception Rate Of Artificially Inseminated Cows As Affected By Dilution Rate, Grade, Bull Source, And Age Of Semen Shipped By A Utah Artificial Breeding Association, William Lloyd Smith

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Artificial insemination of dairy cattle has become a major part of the dairy industry during the past 15 years. There has been a steady increase in the number of cows serviced each year since the first artificial breeding association was organized in the United States in 1938. In 1952 there were 4,238,245 cows bred artificially. In 1953 there were 4,845,222 and in 1955, artificially bred cows numbered 5,250,000.

Marketing Sheep And Lambs In Utah, 1954-55, Lloyd I. Holmes

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The sheep industry of Utah began about the middle of the nineteenth century when the Mormon pioneers came to Utah. The first sheep in Utah were of Merino breeding, kept primarily for wool production. These breeds were decendants of the early Merino sheep from Spain and were probably introduced into this country by Spanish explorers. Sheep are produced to provide food and fiber in Utah. Utah's climate, topography, and natural vegetation are conducive to sheep production. Sheep do well in semi-arid climates and can economically harvest the natural vegetation on land not suited to crop production. Utah has large acreages …

The Economics Of Turkey Production In Utah, 1954, Richard W. Kearl

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The production of turkeys by farmers for market in Utah has risen from a meager beginning a few decades ago, to one of the important agricultural industries today. Utah's turkey industry has expanded tenfold from the 226,000 head sold in 1929 to the record high 2,285,000 head sold in 1954. Pounds sold was 13 times greater in 1954 than in 1929 due to the increased weight per bird as well as to the increase in number of head. The record number of 2,285,000 head sold for the amount of $10,635,000. This accounted for about seven per cent of the total …

Seasonal Distribution Of Mosquitoes In A Mile-Square Area West Of Logan, Utah, Takeshi Miura

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Mosquitoes are one of the most important groups of insects, because of their blood-sucking habit and their ability to transmit a number of serious diseases, such as malaria, yellow fever, dengue, encephalitis, and filiariasis.

The most important mosquito-borne disease in Utah is probably equine encephalomyelitis, which is a serious disease in man, horses, and mules. According to Spendlove and others (1953), this disease occurs every year in Utah:

Cases among horses usually are scattered, but severe horse epidemics in past years have destroyed hundreds of animals. Since this disease in humans is difficult to distinguish from other similar diseases, such …

The Effect Of Bicarbonate On The Uptake Of Zinc By Plants, Lawrence G. Morrill

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Zinc deficiencies occur in many fruit orchards in Utah even though the soil contains amounts of zinc that would normally be sufficient for good plant growth. The existing zinc problem in Utah is, therefore, one of availability.

Problems of zinc availability generally occur in the pH range of 6-8. Zinc deficiencies occurring within this pH range are more frequently found on well-aerated soils than on poorly aerated ones with other conditions being the same. It has been shown that carbon dioxide will convert both zinc hydroxide and zinc carbonate into more soluble bicarbonates with the concentration of Zn⁺⁺ that …

The Inheritance Of Certain Morphological Characters Of The Barley Spike, Donald C. Rasmussen

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Plant breeding, in its simplest form, began thousands of years ago. Since then it has grown into a science of immense practical importance with vast strides made possible by continued research.

The Effect Of The Water Extracting Requirement Upon The Fertilizer, Yield And Growth Response Of Sweet Corn, Roberto Vazquez

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

There are a number of factors that influence crop yield, two of which are soil moisture and fertility.

Red Raspberry Root Rot In Northern Utah, Robert L. Powelson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

During the last few years, red raspberry growers in Utah have been finding that plantings gradually lose vigor and are not profitable. In the largest raspberry growing area in Utah, Utah County, figures taken from the U.S. census from 1930 to 1950, show a decrease in acres of raspberries grown from 401 in 1930 to 190 in 1950 (2). In many instances this deterioration of raspberry plantings in Utah has not been definitely associated with known plant pathogenic fungi or virus infections. Neither can the expansion of suburbs account for this decrease. In certain cases it has been obvious that …