Life Sciences Commons^™

The Global Virome In One Network (Virion): An Atlas Of Vertebrate-Virus Associations, Colin J. Carlson, Rory J. Gibb, Gregory F. Albery, Liam Brierley, Ryan P. Connor, Tad Dallas, Evan A. Eskew, Anna C. Fagre, Maxwell J. Farrell, Hannah K. Frank, Renata L. Muylaert, Timothée Poisot, Angela L. Rasmussen, Sadie J. Ryan, Stephanie N. Seifert

Faculty Publications

Data that catalogue viral diversity on Earth have been fragmented across sources, disciplines, formats, and various degrees of open sharing, posing challenges for research on macroecology, evolution, and public health. Here, we solve this problem by establishing a dynamically maintained database of vertebrate-virus associations, called The Global Virome in One Network (VIRION). The VIRION database has been assembled through both reconciliation of static data sets and integration of dynamically updated databases. These data sources are all harmonized against one taxonomic backbone, including metadata on host and virus taxonomic validity and higher classification; additional metadata on sampling methodology and evidence strength …

Longitudinal Association Of Biological Maturation With Physical Activity Behaviors In Girls Transitioning From 5th To 7th Grade, Russell R. Pate, Marsha Dowda Ph.D., Rod L. Dishman, Joseph Gorab, Agnes Bucko, Ruth P. Saunders Ph.D.

Faculty Publications

Introduction

This longitudinal study determined if social cognitive variables influence physical activity in girls stratified on the basis of maturity status.

Methods

Participants attended South Carolina public schools (Mage in 5th grade = 11.1 years) and included a cohort of 529 girls who provided physical activity data in the 5th grade and in 6th and/or 7th grade. The measure of maturity status was age at peak height velocity (APHV) estimated from maturity offset when the children were in the 5th grade. The Earlier Maturity (EM) group included girls whose APHV was one standard deviation or more below the mean APHV …

The Planted Catalog: The Role Of The Botanical Garden In Botany, Douglas Tuers

Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science

This article will investigate the role of the botanical garden in botany. What its role is and how it fills it. This article will take the Missouri Botanical Garden as a case study, drawing heavily from archival material compromised mostly of letters between Henry Shaw and the prominent botanists of his day. This study also draws on the prominent histories of the Missouri Botanical Garden. The analysis use the philosophical tradition around reference in logic and language. This study argues that the botanical garden is a bridge between locality and herbaria. The order of the flora travels to the locality …

Intramolecular Friedel-Crafts Addition Of Indoles To Tertiary Allylic Alcohols, Bryan H. Wakefield, Romie Barnes, Traeannah Brown, Ashley M. Jones, Victoria A. Knotts, Christina Martinetti

Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science

An intermolecular Friedel-Crafts alkylation of indole and tertiary allylic alcohols has been developed. The allylic alcohols were synthesized using a two-step procedure, then exposure of these alcohols to diphenyl phosphate facilitated the desired annulation reaction. This reaction tolerated a variety of indole substitutions to yield 1H,2H,3H,4H-pyrido[1,2-a]indoles.

Women In Stem Fellowship: An Intersectional And Interdisciplinary Approach To Advancing Inclusion In The Sciences, Ina C. Seethaler, Gabriela Perez-Alvarado

Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science

At our university, women-identified individuals make up 23% of students in STEM fields; less than 15% of them graduate with a STEM degree. Nationally, more than 40% of women who enter a STEM job leave it within fewer than ten years. Gendered issues within STEM industries have been identified, yet we are far from equal opportunities for all genders. In 2018, we—the director of Women’s and Gender Studies (WGS) with colleagues in Math, Computing Sciences, and Chemistry—received a $45,000 grant to create a “Women in STEM Fellowship.” The inclusion of WGS made the fellowship interdisciplinary, intersectional, and informed our decision-making …

Amorphization Of Pseudocapacitive T−Nb2O5 Accelerates Lithium Diffusivity As Revealed Using Tunable Isomorphic Architectures, Wessel Van Den Bergh, Sean Wechsler, Hasala Nadeesini Lokupitiya, Lauren Jarocha, Kwangnam Kim, James Chapman, Kyoung E. Kweon, Brandon C. Wood, Steve Heald, Morgan Stefik Phd

Faculty Publications

Intercalationpseudocapacitancecan combinecapacitor-likepower densitieswith battery-likeenergy densities.Such surface-limitedbehaviorrequiresrapid diffusionwhere amorphizationcan increasesolid-statediffusivity.Here intercalationpseudoca-pacitivematerialswith tailoredextentsof amorphizationin T-Nb2O5are first reported.Amorphizationwas characterizedwithWAXS, XPS, XAFS, and EPR which suggesteda peroxide-rich(O22) surface that was consistentwith DFT predictions.A seriesof tunableisomorphicarchitecturesenabledcomparisonswhileindependentlyvaryingtransportparameters.Throughprocessof elimination,solid-statelithium diffusionwas identifiedas thedominantdiffusive-constraintdictatingthe maximumvoltagesweep rate for surface-limitedkinetics(vSLT), termed the Surface-LimitedThreshold(SLT). ThevSLTincreasedwith amorphizationhoweverstable cycling requiredcrystallineT-Nb2O5. A current-responsemodel using series-impedanceswell-matchedtheseobservations.This perspectiverevealedthat amorphizationof T-Nb2O5enhancedsolid-statediffusionby 12.2% and increasedsurface-limitationsby 17.0% (stablesamples).This approachenabledretaining95% lithiationcapacityat ~800mVs1(1,600C-rate equivalent).

Investigation Of Eating Disorder Risk And Body Image Dissatisfaction Among Female Competitive Cheerleaders, Allison B. Smith, Jennifer L. Gay, Eva V. Monsma, Shawn M. Arent, Mark A. Sarzynski, Dawn M. Emerson, Toni M. Torres-Mcgehee

Faculty Publications

Social agents associated with cheerleading environments are increasingly linked to body image dissatisfaction (BID) and eating disorders (ED). This study examined ED risk across team type, squad type, and position. An additional purpose determined BID in clothing type (daily clothing, midriff uniform, and full uniform), and meta-perceptions from the perspective of peers (MP peers), parents (MP parents), and coaches (MP coaches). Female cheerleaders ( = 268) completed an online survey which included demographics, the Eating Attitudes Test-26, and pathogenic behavior questions. Body image perceptions were assessed by using the Sex-Specific Figural Stimuli Silhouettes. Overall, 34.4% of cheerleaders ( = 268; …

Investigation Of Eating Disorder Risk And Body Image Dissatisfaction Among Female Competitive Cheerleaders, Allison B. Smith, Jennifer L. Gay, Eva V. Monsma, Shawn M. Arent Phd, Cscs*D, Fissn, Facsm, Fnak, Mark A. Sarzynski Ph.D., Faha, Facsm, Dawn M. Emerson Ph.D., Lat, Atc, Toni Torres-Mcgehee Phd, Lat, Atc

Faculty Publications

Social agents associated with cheerleading environments are increasingly linked to body image dissatisfaction (BID) and eating disorders (ED). This study examined ED risk across team type, squad type, and position. An additional purpose determined BID in clothing type (daily clothing, midriff uniform, and full uniform), and meta-perceptions from the perspective of peers (MP peers), parents (MP parents), and coaches (MP coaches). Female cheerleaders (n = 268) completed an online survey which included demographics, the Eating Attitudes Test-26, and pathogenic behavior questions. Body image perceptions were assessed by using the Sex-Specific Figural Stimuli Silhouettes. Overall, 34.4% of cheerleaders (n …

Foods And Beverages Provided In Out Of School Hours Care Services: An Observational Study, Ruth K. Crowe, Yasmine C. Probst, Jennifer A. Norman, Susan E. Furber, Rebecca M. Stanley, Sarah T. Ryan, Cecilia Vuong, Megan L. Hammersley, Karen Wardle, Lisa Franco, Michael Beets Med, Mph, Phd, Robert Weaver Med, Phd, Marc Davis, Christine Innes-Hughes, Anthony D. Okely

Faculty Publications

Introduction: Out of school hours care (OSHC) is a fastgrowing childcare setting in Australia, however the types of foods and beverages ofered are relatively unknown. This study describes the food and beverages ofered and inves‑ tigates sectorlevel and settinglevel factors which may impact OSHC in meeting the Australian Dietary Guidelines (ADG). Methods: This crosssectional, observational study was conducted in 89 OSHC services (between 2018 and 2019). Food and beverages ofered, kitchen facilities and menus were captured via direct observation. Foods were cat‑ egorised into fve food groups or discretionary foods, based on the ADG, and frequencies determined. Short inter‑ views …

Relationship Between Oxidative Stress And Lifespan In Daphnia Pulex, Benedicth Ukhueduan, Charles Schumpert, Eunsuk Kim, Jeffry L. Dudycha, Rekha C. Patel

Faculty Publications

Macromolecular damage leading to cell, tissue and ultimately organ dysfunction is a major contributor to aging. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) resulting from normal metabolism cause most damage to macromolecules and the mitochondria play a central role in this process as they are the principle source of ROS. The relationship between naturally occurring variations in the mitochondrial (MT) genomes leading to correspondingly less or more ROS and macromolecular damage that changes the rate of aging associated organismal decline remains relatively unexplored. MT complex I, a component of the electron transport chain (ETC), is a key source of ROS and the …

Early-Stage Studies To Larger-Scale Trials: Investigators’ Perspectives On Scaling-Up Childhood Obesity Interventions, L. Von Klinggraeff, Roddrick Dugger, A. D. Okely, D. Lubans, R. Jago, S. Burkart

Faculty Publications

Background

Pilot/feasibility studies play an important role in the development and refinement of behavioral interventions by providing information about feasibility, acceptability, and potential efficacy. Despite their importance and wide-spread use, the approaches taken by behavioral scientists to scale-up early-stage studies to larger-scale trials has received little attention. The aim of our study was to understand the role that pilot studies play in the development and execution of larger-scale trials.

Methods

We conducted interviews with childhood obesity researchers who had published pilot behavioral interventions and larger-scale trials of the same or similar interventions. Questions were asked about the role of pilot …

Comparison Of Human Urinary Exosomes Isolated Via Ultracentrifugation Alone Versus Ultracentrifugation Followed By Sec Column-Purification, Kun Huang, Sudha Garimella, Alyssa Clay-Gilmour, Lucia Vojtech, Bridget Armstrong, Madison Bessonny, Alexis Stamatikos

Faculty Publications

Chronic kidney disease is a progressive, incurable condition that involves a gradual loss of kidney function. While there are no non-invasive biomarkers available to determine whether individuals are susceptible to developing chronic kidney disease, small RNAs within urinary exosomes have recently emerged as a potential candidate to use for assessing renal function. Ultracentrifugation is the gold standard for urinary exosome isolation. However, extravesicular small RNA contamination can occur when isolating exosomes from biological fluids using ultracentrifugation, which may lead to misidentifying the presence of certain small RNA species in human urinary exosomes. Therefore, we characterized human urinary exosomal preparations isolated …

Support Systems And Patient Care Delivery For Nonnative English-Speaking Patients: A Study Of Secondary School Athletic Trainers, Brea M. Stanton, Matthew J. Rivera, Zachary K. Winkelmann Phd, Lat, Atc, Lindsey E. Eberman

Faculty Publications

Context

Nonnative English speakers (NNESs) in the United States have more than doubled since 1990, increasing the likelihood of their seeking health care and experiencing language barriers. Language barriers in health care result in ineffective communication, a decreased level of care, and a reduction in overall provider satisfaction.

Objective

To investigate the experiences of secondary school athletic trainers (ATs) who provided care to patients who were NNESs or communicated with their NNES support systems.

Design

Qualitative study.

Setting

Semistructured interviews.

Patients or Other Participants

Fifteen secondary school ATs with experience communicating with NNES patients or their support systems.

Data Collection …

Offshore Spreading Of A Supercritical Plume Under Upwelling Wind Forcing: A Case Study Of The Winyah Bay Outflow, Alexander E. Yankovsky, Douglas Cahl, George Voulgaris

Faculty Publications

In this study, we present observations of the Winyah Bay (WB) plume (SC, United States) formed by high freshwater discharge and a moderate upwelling-favorable wind acting continuously for ∼1.5 days prior to the shipboard survey. If a similar wind forcing persists over a longer period, the plume turns upstream (against its natural propagation) and curves offshore forming a “filament” with minimal transverse spreading, as seen in numerous satellite images. The observed plume comprises a train of tidal sub-plumes undergoing rotational adjustment and being transported offshore by Ekman dynamics. The WB outflow is supercritical in terms of the interior Froude number. …

Reply To Comment: Controls On Turnover Of Marine Dissolved Organic Matter-Testing The Null Hypothesis Of Purely Concentration-Driven Uptake, Yuan Shen, Ronald Benner

Faculty Publications

Our recent bioassay experiments indicate that molecular properties are a primary control on the microbial utilization of dissolved organic matter in the ocean. This finding is questioned by Lennartz and Dittmar who modeled our experiments and concluded that our observations could be largely explained by concentration-driven uptake independent from molecular properties. We suggest the authors' models are deficient for establishing the relative roles of molecular properties and concentration-driven uptake. Our conclusion is consistent with earlier and recent experimental results and biogeochemical observations, supporting a unified theory with molecular properties as a more prominent control than concentration-driven uptake on marine organic …

Transcriptional Coactivators: Driving Force Of Plant Immunity, Muhammad Saad Shoaib Khan, Faisal Islam, Huan Chen, Ming Chang, Daowen Wang, Fengquan Liu, Zhengqing Fu, Jian Chen

Faculty Publications

Salicylic acid (SA) is a plant defense signal that mediates local and systemic immune responses against pathogen invasion. However, the underlying mechanism of SA-mediated defense is very complex due to the involvement of various positive and negative regulators to fine-tune its signaling in diverse pathosystems. Upon pathogen infections, elevated level of SA promotes massive transcriptional reprogramming in which Non-expresser of PR genes 1 (NPR1) acts as a central hub and transcriptional coactivator in defense responses. Recent findings show that Enhanced Disease Susceptibility 1 (EDS1) also functions as a transcriptional coactivator and stimulates the expression of PR1 in the presence of …

Examination Of The Prevalence Of Female Athlete Triad Components Among Competitive Cheerleaders, Allison B. Smith, Jennifer L. Gay, Shawn M. Arent Phd, Cscs*D, Fissn, Facsm, Fnak, Mark A. Sarzynski Ph.D., Faha, Facsm, Dawn M. Emerson, Toni Torres-Mcgehee Phd, Lat, Atc

Faculty Publications

The purpose of this study was to examine individual and combined Female Athlete Triad components within collegiate cheerleaders, an at-risk group. Cheerleaders ( = 19; age: 20.3 ± 1.2 years) completed anthropometric measurements, health history questionnaires, resting metabolic rate, the eating disorder inventory-3 and symptom checklist, blood sample, and DXA scan. Participants completed dietary and exercise logs for 7 days and used heart rate monitors to track daily and exercise energy expenditure. Proportions were calculated for low energy availability (LEA) risk, disordered eating risk, and pathogenic behaviors. Chi-square analysis was used to determine the difference between cheerleaders who experience low …

Improved Chromosome-Level Genome Assembly Of The Glanville Fritillary Butterfly (Melitaea Cinxia) Integrating Pacific Biosciences Long Reads And A High-Density Linkage Map, Olli-Pekka Smolander, Daniel Blande, Virpi Ahola, Pasi Rastas, Jaakko Tanskanen, Juhana Kammonen, Vicencio Oostra, Lorenzo Pellegrini, Suvi Ikonen, Tad Dallas, Michelle F. Dileo, Anne Duplouy, Iihan Cem Duru, Pauliina Halimaa, Aapo Kahilainen, Suyog S. Kuwar, Sirpa O. Kärenlampi, Elvira Lafuente, Shiqi Luo, Jenny Makkonen, Abhilash Nair, Narua De La Paz Celorio-Mancera, Ville Pennanen, Annukka Ruokolainen, Tarja Sundell, Arja I. Tervahauta, Victoria Twort, Erik Van Bergen, Janina Österman-Udd, Lars Paulin, Mikko J. Frilander, Petri Auvinen, Marjo Saastamoinen

Faculty Publications

Background

The Glanville fritillary (Melitaea cinxia) butterfly is a model system for metapopulation dynamics research in fragmented landscapes. Here, we provide a chromosome-level assembly of the butterfly's genome produced from Pacific Biosciences sequencing of a pool of males, combined with a linkage map from population crosses.

Results

The final assembly size of 484 Mb is an increase of 94 Mb on the previously published genome. Estimation of the completeness of the genome with BUSCO indicates that the genome contains 92–94% of the BUSCO genes in complete and single copies. We predicted 14,810 genes using the MAKER pipeline and …

Chronic Background Radiation Correlates With Sperm Swimming Endurance In Bank Voles From Chernobyl, Kati Kivisaari, Sara Calhim, Zbyszek Boratyríski, Timothy Mousseau, Anders P. Møller, Tapio Mappes

Faculty Publications

Sperm quantity and quality are key features explaining intra- and interspecific variation in male reproductive success. Spermatogenesis is sensitive to ionizing radiation and laboratory studies investigating acute effects of ionizing radiation have indeed found negative effects of radiation on sperm quantity and quality. In nature, levels of natural background radiation vary dramatically, and chronic effects of low-level background radiation exposure on spermatogenesis are poorly understood. The Chernobyl region offers a unique research opportunity for investigating effects of chronic low-level ionizing radiation on reproductive properties of wild organisms. We captured male bank voles (Myodes glareolus) from 24 locations in the Chernobyl …

Investigation Of Metastable Low Dimensional Halometallates, Navindra Keerthisinghe, Matthew S. Christian, Anna A. Berseneva, Gregory Morrison, Vladislav V. Klepov, Mark D. Smith, Hans Conrad Zur Loye

Faculty Publications

The solvothermal synthesis, structure determination and optical characterization of five new metastable halometallate compounds, [1,10-phenH][Pb_3.5I₈] (1), [1,10-phenH₂][Pb₅I₁₂]·(H₂O) (2), [1,10-phen][Pb₂I₄] (3), [1,10-phen]₂[Pb₅Br₁₀] (4) and [1,10-phenH][SbI₄]·(H₂O) (5), are reported. The materials exhibit rich structural diversity and exhibit structural dimensionalities that include 1D chains, 2D sheets and 3D frameworks. The optical spectra of these materials are consistent with bandgaps ranging from 2.70 to 3.44 eV. We show …

Characteristics Of Sickle Cell Trait Policies And Procedures At Ncaa Division I Institutions, H Parker, B J. Warner, D M. Gallegos, S A. Cage

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

Context: In 2010, the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) introduced a proposal addressing sickle cell trait screening. This proposal later became a policy that required student-athletes in their first year of eligibility to provide their institution with accurate information regarding their sickle cell trait status. There does not appear to be a recent study published that has examined the sickle cell trait policies and procedures currently being used by NCAA Division I institutions. The purpose of this study was to describe the characteristics of sickle cell trait policies and procedures at NCAA Division I institutions. Methods: We used a web-based …

A Qualitative Report Of The Perceptions Of The Covid-19 Pandemic From Collegiate Student-Athletes, Dylan C. Rowe, Zachary K. Winkelmann, Shawn M. Arent, Michelle A. Arent, Alexa J. Chandler, Nancy A. Uriegas, Toni M. Torres-Mcgehee

Faculty Publications

CONTEXT: The COVID-19 pandemic led to an abrupt disruption in access to services and personnel for collegiate student-athletes in the spring and summer of 2020. We sought to identify the effects of this unprecedented change by examining the psychological well-being, changes to normal routines, and return-to-play considerations of current student-athletes in order to guide support for both current and future student-athletes who may face similar situations. METHODS: We utilized a phenomenological approach to interview a purposeful sample of eighteen collegiate student-athletes (7 males, 11 females; mean age = 20 years) from across the United States. The participants were interviewed using …

A Perfect Storm?: The Association Of Vitamin D With Injury Prevalence Among Acrobatics & Tumbling Athletes, K Lee, A Gallucci, L Funderburk, L Cherpe De Souza, L Irvin, E Boyer

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

Context: Acrobatics and Tumbling (A&T) was recently placed on the NCAA’s emerging sports list. Due to the novelty of the sport, limited research related to injury prevalence and correlates are available. Anecdotal evidence suggests that the sport presents with high injury rates and associated costs. Information related to causes and prevalence of injury would help ATs working in the collegiate setting. Increased understanding of injury and its correlates in this population may allow ATs to provide better care. Objective: To examine descriptive injury data of acrobatics and tumbling athletes and evaluate the relationship between serum vitamin D, injury and time …

Comparison Of The Closed Shoulder Reduction Techniques: An Evidence-To-Practice Review, Kaitlin Sznajder, Dylan Arango, Zachary K. Winkelmann

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

The shoulder joint is one of the most dislocated joints in the body. It does not have substantial bony support which allows for a large range of motion. Shoulder joints most commonly dislocate anteriorly, and less often dislocate posteriorly and inferiorly. There is a myriad of ways to reduce a shoulder dislocation including closed and open techniques. The purpose of this evidence-to-practice review is to summarize which closed shoulder reduction techniques are most effective and apply those results to an athletic training setting. The authors of this guiding systematic review studied multiple articles that compared different closed shoulder reduction techniques …

Recommendation For Best Practices In The Management Of Musculoskeletal Pain: An Evidence-To-Practice Review, Laura M. Kehr, Dylan C. Rowe, Rylee M. Learn, Allison B. Smith, Zachary K. Winkelmann

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

While musculoskeletal (MSK) pain conditions are some of the most common health issues faced internationally, the quality of patient care with MSK pain is lacking. Problems with MSK care include the overuse of imaging, surgery, opioids, and failure to educate patients. Improving the quality of care for MSK conditions is considered a priority for all involved healthcare clinicians. The 2019 guiding systematic review addressed the concerns of MSK management by identifying common recommendations for high-quality care through appraisals of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs). Data was extracted from four databases and included articles examining the most common sites of MSK pain …

Casting And Splinting Options For Pseudo-Jones Avulsion Fractures: An Evidence-To-Practice Review, Amber M. Kingsley, Aysha B. Reyes, Zachary K. Winkelmann

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

Avulsion fractures of the fifth metatarsal bone occur when a portion of the bone is broken or pulled off the rest of the bone. These fractures are often seen in athletes, especially those of a young age. Avulsion fractures of the fifth metatarsal bone are commonly treated non-surgically with immobilization of the foot. There are several different options for immobilization of the foot with no clear result as to which immobilization method is the most effective. The purpose of this evidence-to-practice review was to summarize a systematic review on comparative outcomes of immobilization interventions on avulsion fractures of the fifth …

Quality Improvement: Implementation Of Individualized Concussion Patient Education And Rehabilitation Treatment Plans, Briana Burgette, Tamara C. Valovich Mcleod

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

Concussion is a significant health issue at all levels of sports participation. At Saint Luke’s Health System (SLHS) in Kansas City, Missouri, the sports medicine and concussion team discovered an issue with dissemination of patient education for concussion rehabilitation plans. A quality improvement project was launched in August 2019 to develop concussion educational rehabilitation plans, incorporating cluster symptoms into concussion profiles and improving communication during follow-up care. The project promoted improvement of patient understanding of individualized rehabilitation plans and effective communication for the treatment management team. Three cycles of a Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) quality improvement project were completed over 6 months. …

Hiring Practices Among Ncaa Division Ii Head Athletic Trainers, B J. Warner, Z K. Winkelmann, S A. Cage, D M. Gallegos, L E. Trail

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

Context: To the authors’ knowledge, there are few studies on how athletic trainers (ATs) are hired by NCAA institutions. Current legislation protects many demographics from discrimination during hiring, but these laws may not be enforced by institutions. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to describe factors that might influence the hiring practices of NCAA Division II Head Athletic Trainers. Methods: We used a web-based survey (Qualtrics) that was distributed to by email to 278 NCAA Division II Head Athletic Trainers. A total of 96 ATs completed the survey (response and completion rate=34.5%). The survey included a prompt for hiring …

Impact Of A Virtual Education Presentation On Perceived And Actual Knowledge Of Cupping Therapy Among Athletic Trainers, S A. Cage, D L. Gill, P K. Brown, R Schmitz, B J. Warner

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

Context: Within the athletic training profession, there are continuing education requirements in order to maintain national certification. Although the profession mandates completion of continuing education, little research has assessed the effectiveness of continuing education interventions. Furthermore, there has been even less research conducted on the effectiveness of virtual continuing education interventions. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a virtual continuing education presentation on perceived and actual knowledge of cupping therapy among certified athletic trainers. Methods: 31 certified athletic trainers began this study (age = 38 ± 11, years of credentialed experience = 15 ± 11). …

Anisocoria As The Sole Initial Symptom Of Concussion In A Collegiate Volleyball Player: A Case Report, I Hopper, B J. Warner, M Mckenney, R M. Galbraith, C Cox, S A. Cage

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

Background: A 21-year-old female collegiate volleyball player reported to the athletic training staff after a competition upon noticing that her pupils were unequal. The patient stated that she was not experiencing any other signs or symptoms that would indicate a concussion, but did recall striking her head on the court during pre-competition warmups. The patient reported no previous history of concussion or eye injury. Further evaluation did not reveal any issues with the patient’s reflexes, balance, or memory. At this time, the decision was made to preemptively withhold the patient from participating in athletic activities so she could be monitored …