Life Sciences Commons^™

Epha4b Expression In The Craniofacial Development Of African Cichlid Fishes, Chelse Vanatter

Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science

Epha4b gene expression may contribute to variances in facial formation including functional differences such as nose shape and clinical conditions such as cleft palate. During craniofacial development, neural crest cells migrate to the pharyngeal arches then differentiate to form bone, muscle, and cartilage cells. The Eph/ephrin signaling pathway guides the streams of migrating neural crest cells into the pharyngeal arches; epha4b, a gene encoding an Eph receptor, contributes to this signaling pathway. To determine how epha4b expression differs between species at different developmental stages, in situ hybridization, a process that stains areas of gene expression, was performed. African cichlid fish …

The Effects Of Matthew’S Storm Surge On Coastal Loblolly Pine And Wax Myrtle Understory Regeneration, Brynn D. Wilkinson

Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science

Hurricanes have detrimental effects on the environment and the economy. Not only are these effects felt immediately after the hurricane, but they last long after the winds have died down. They can affect future plant growth and mortality. In October of 2016 South Carolina was hit by Hurricane Matthew, a category 5 hurricane. Hobcaw Barony, our study site, was in the direct path of the storm. This created an opportunity to study the immediate effects on regeneration after a hurricane. Regenerations rates were measured along and around a surge line to determine regeneration and mortality rates. This data also allowed …

The Effect Of Flavonoid Galangin On The Cell Viability And Toxicity Of Mcf-7 Human Breast Cancer Cells Exposed To Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (Pahs), Abhimanyu Sailesh

Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are chemical compounds ubiquitous in the environment; many of which are known human and animal carcinogen. The purpose of this study was to investigate MCF-7 epithelial breast cancer cells’ viability and toxicity following a short-term in vitro exposure to a cocktail of PAHs and benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) separately in the presence and absence of varying concentrations of flavonoid galangin. It was predicted that presence of galangin will completely or partially block the damaging effects of PAHs. It was hypothesized that exposing the cells to 7 µM cocktail of PAHs or 10 µM B[a]P in the presence of …

The Effects Of Oxidative Stress On Inducing Senescence In Human Fibroblasts, Shivani Chowdhary

Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science

Oxidative stress, specifically from hydrogen peroxide exposure, was performed to determine if it induced senescence in cell lines such as Hela cells and primary human fibroblasts. The purpose of this experiment was to find the optimal stage, concentration, and time of exposure to induce the greatest number of senescent cells. After dividing cultures of both the Hela and human fibroblasts cells in order to reduce confluency, the cells were placed in a six well plate and exposed to hydrogen peroxide for two hours at various concentrations. The plates were checked at twenty-four-hour intervals, and then fixed with senescence associated beta-galactosidase …

An Evaluation Of Galleria Mellonella As A Model For Aspergillus Ustus Infections, Isak Jatoi

Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science

Invasive aspergillosis is a serious cause of mortality and morbidity in immunocompromised hosts. In particular, the emergence of multidrug-resistant fungi, such as Aspergillus calidoustus, poses a concern for both doctors and patients. Rapid screening in vivo of novel antifungals is essential for discovering new treatments to combat invasive aspergillosis and improve prognosis of patients. As such, this study proposed the use of the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella, as a quick way to model A. calidoustus infection. Due to the dangers of working with A. calidoustus in a high school setting, A. ustus was used in experimentation. It was …

The Effect Of Acetaminophen (Analgesic) And Diphenhydramine (Antihistamine) On Nociception Response Of Caenorhabditis Elegans, Heart Rate Of Eisenia Fetida, And Mortality Of Both E. Fetida And C. Elegans, Vamsi Gorrepati

Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science

Pharmaceutical pollution continues to increase each year but its adverse effects on the environment are still largely unknown. Pharmaceuticals can enter the terrestrial ecosystem when animal manure and sewage sludge are applied to land as a fertilizer or when irrigated with contaminated water. To understand the extent to which common drugs impact the ecosystem, two commonly polluting pharmaceuticals, acetaminophen and diphenhydramine, which have been found in many cities such as Chicago, Dallas, and most notably The Great Lakes, were studied. Various concentrations were tested on E. fetida and C. elegans. Indicators such as heart rate were observed for E. …

Range Of Motion Changes In Female Elite Swimmers Throughout A Competitive Season, Mccall E. Christian, Lindsey E. Eberman

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

Upper extremity injuries are the most common injury in swimming athletes specifically in the collegiate setting. Females in particular, are more likely to suffer these injuries when comparing to male collegiate swimmers. “Swimmer Shoulder”, a generic term for overuse shoulder injuries in the swimming population occurs with high rate and intensity of training. Significant factors that have been found to contribute to this pathology are deficits in internal rotation, lack of stability, and increased demands on the shoulder. The aim for this clinical outcomes project was to evaluate changes in range of motion (ROM) total arc of the shoulder, and …

Regionally Interdependent Applications Of Total Motion Release® And Active Rotational Shoulder Range Of Motion In Overhead Athletes, R. Ross Dexter, Terylan K. Loftis, Russell T. Baker, Timothy E. Speicher

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

Healthy athletes commonly engage in pre-participation warm-up strategies designed to physiologically and mechanically prepare the body for training and competition. Alterations in rotational range of motion (ROM) of the dominant shoulder in overhead athletes, resulting in total rotation ROM loss, correlate with performance deficit, injury risk, and lost training time. Researchers have suggested that interventions using Total Motion Release® (TMR®) increase shoulder ROM more effectively than traditional warm-up methods. A randomized pre-test post-test trial was used to explore the effects of a regionally interdependent application of TMR® via a forward flexed trunk twist (FFTT) and seated straight leg raise (SLR) …

Best Practices In Patellar Tendinopathy Management: An Evidence To Practice Review, Christopher J. Burcal, Adam B. Rosen, Tony Taylor, Mike Nicola

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

Patellar tendinopathy (PT) is a degenerative condition that is common in sporting populations due to the loads placed on the tendon during dynamic activity. PT often occurs in overtraining situations; however, it may also occur in conjunction with and/or worsen through poor biomechanics, persistent inflammation, and altered movement patterns. Although sports medicine practitioners have evidence to support the prevalence of this injury, we do not have a strong base of evidence surrounding the contributing factors and pathophysiology that lead the pain and disability reported in patients with PT. The purpose of this evidence to practice review was to summarize a …

Clinician-Administered Versus Self-Administered Suboccipital Release On Superficial Backline Function, Colin Wilhite, Kristin A. Paloncy, Karen Rawkowski, Todd Daniel

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

The effectiveness of trigger point release in the suboccipital region to improve hamstring mobility has been established in the literature, but the research has not clarified whether self-administered soft tissue techniques produce the same improvements to mobility as when the clinician delivers the manual trigger point release. The purpose of the study was to assess whether the same increase in hamstring mobility within the superficial backline function that is achieved with a clinician-administered suboccipital trigger point release can also be obtained through a patient/self-administered method. The study employed a randomized, descriptive laboratory design in which 60 participants reported for a …

Exercise Induced Laryngeal Obstruction In A Collegiate Runner: A Case Report Of A Novel Therapy, Cody Inskeep, Todd Olin, Robert Arthur

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

A 23-year-old male Division I distance runner presented with several years of exertional stridor (high-pitched inspiratory noise caused by airflow obstruction), previously diagnosed as exercised-induced laryngeal obstruction (EILO), a condition formerly known as vocal cord dysfunction and exercised-induced paradoxical vocal fold motion. Over the course of roughly 3 years, the patient had previously failed conventional and invasive respiratory therapies for EILO including respiratory retraining, inspiratory muscle training, reflux suppression, allergy suppression, amitriptyline, performance psychology, and injection of botulinum toxin to the larynx. At a referral center that specializes in the treatment of EILO, the patient's diagnosis was confirmed through the …

Clinical Experts Statement: The Definition, Prescription, And Application Of Cupping Therapy, S. Andrew Cage, Diana M. Gallegos, Brian Coulombe, Brandon J. Warner

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

No abstract provided.

Graston Technique® As A Treatment For Patients With Chronic Plantar Heel Pain, Troy R. Garrett, Peter J. Neibert

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

Use of Instrument-Assisted Soft Tissue Massage has increased in popularity, and the plantar fascia is a superficial tissue that may benefit from this treatment. The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Graston Technique® (GT) for decreasing pain and increasing function in participants with chronic plantar heel pain over a six-week period. A single blind, pretest-posttest control/comparison group design, with a sample of 22 adults (5 males, 17 females) was utilized. Participants were assigned to three groups: GT/stretching, effleurage/stretching, and stretching only. After completion, effleurage/stretching and stretching only groups were later offered GT with posttest scores recorded. …

The Mulligan Concept In The Treatment Of Anterior Knee Pain, Karla S. Judge, Alan Nasypany, Russell T. Baker, James May

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

The purpose of the disablement model case study was to describe the case of a collegiate basketball player suffering from anterior knee pain (AKP). The patient had been experiencing AKP while participating in pre-season basketball related activities (playing, weight lifting, and conditioning) for approximately six weeks. As the intensity increased, the pain became intolerable. Previously, the patient had missed a significant amount of off-season workouts due to surgery for an upper extremity injury sustained during the competitive season. The patient reported tenderness at the inferior pole of the patella, and at the tibial tuberosity. There was no joint line tenderness, …

A Novel Approach To Treating Acute Hamstring Functional Neuromuscular Disorder-Effects Of Primal Reflex Release Technique, Lucas Bianco, James May, Alan Nasypany

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

Hamstring injuries have an occurrence rate of 3.05 per 1000 athlete exposures in intercollegiate athletics. Current clinical practice recommendations for rehabilitation of hamstring injuries are based on pathoanatomical muscle tissue healing timeframes. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of modulating the nervous system with Primal Reflex Release Technique (PRRT) in patients clinically diagnosed with functional neuromuscular hamstring muscle-related disorder (FNHD). In this a priori case series, PRRT was utilized in four patients participating in intercollegiate, National Collegiate Athletic Association Division II, athletics to evaluate Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NRS) for current pain, Disablement of the Physically …

Patient Satisfaction With Athletic Trainers Working In A Physician Practice Setting, Nathaniel P. Acree, Forrest Q. Pecha, Joshua B. Lavigne, Esther C. Nolton

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

Background: Recent changes in healthcare administration via the introduction of the Triple Aim by the Institute of Healthcare Improvement have challenged healthcare institutions to improve the efficiency and effectiveness with which services are provided, while also enhancing patient experience. These changes have facilitated the hiring of clinical support staff from varying backgrounds with the aim of ensuring the goals of the triple aim are met within the clinical environment. Recently orthopedic practices have begun to include certified athletic trainers in the healthcare delivery team due to their advanced base of musculoskeletal knowledge. Previous literature has observed increased efficiency and revenue …

Simple Squat Assessment: Post-Intervention Changes To Pain And Function, Austin W. Strabala, Kyle Sela, Forrest Q. Pecha

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

Background: Squatting to toilet seat height is a movement pattern most people do daily. Simple verbal and tactile feedback while squatting can improve an individual’s ability to squat safely and efficiently. The Simple Squat Assessment (SSA) is a screening and intervention tool used to assess an individual’s ability to squat to toilet seat height. Purpose: To determine if intervention through the SSA will improve function and decrease pain when squatting to toilet seat height. Methods: 690 participants were enrolled in the SSA. Participants were asked to squat to toilet seat height (43cm) and were scored from 0-3 for function. Performance …

Table Of Contents

Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Dynamic Responses And Implications To Coastal Wetlands And The Surrounding Regions Under Sea Level Rise, Karim Alizad, Scott C. Hagen, Stephen C. Medeiros, Matthew V. Bilskie, James T. Morris, Len Balthis, Christine A. Buckel

Faculty Publications

Two distinct microtidal estuarine systems were assessed to advance the understanding of the coastal dynamics of sea level rise in salt marshes. A coupled hydrodynamic-marsh model (Hydro-MEM) was applied to both a marine-dominated (Grand Bay, Mississippi) and a mixed fluvial/marine (Weeks Bay, Alabama) system to compute marsh productivity, marsh migration, and potential tidal inundation from the year 2000 to 2100 under four sea level rise scenarios. Characteristics of the estuaries such as geometry, sediment availability, and topography, were compared to understand their role in the dynamic response to sea level rise. The results show that the low sea level rise …

Resveratrol Attenuates Allergic Asthma And Associated Inflammation In The Lungs Through Regulation Of Mirna-34a That Targets Foxp3 In Mice, Esraah Alharris, Hasan Alghetaa, Ratanesh K. Seth, Saurabh Chatterjee, Narendra P. Singh, Mitzi Nagarkatti, Prakash Nagarkatti

Faculty Publications

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of airways mediated by T-helper 2 (Th2) cells involving complex signaling pathways. Although resveratrol has previously been shown to attenuate allergic asthma, the role of miRNA in this process has not been studied. We investigated the effect of resveratrol on ovalbumin-induced experimental allergic asthma in mice. To that end, BALB/c mice were immunized with ovalbumin (OVA) intraperitoneally followed by oral gavage of vehicle (OVA-veh) or resveratrol (100 mg/kg body) (OVA-res). On day 7, the experimental groups received intranasal challenge of OVA followed by 7 days of additional oral gavage of vehicle or resveratrol. At …

Macromolecular-Clustered Facial Amphiphilic Antimicrobials, Md Anisur Rahman, Marpe Bam, Edgar Luat, Moumita Sharmin Jui, Mitra S. Ganewatta, Tinom Shokfai, Mitzi Nagarkatti, Alan W. Decho

Faculty Publications

Bacterial infections and antibiotic resistance, particularly by Gram-negative pathogens, have become a global healthcare crisis. We report the design of a class of cationic antimicrobial polymers that cluster local facial amphiphilicity from repeating units to enhance interactions with bacterial membranes without requiring a globally conformational arrangement associated with highly unfavorable entropic loss. This concept of macromolecular architectures is demonstrated with a series of multicyclic natural product-based cationic polymers. We have shown that cholic acid derivatives with three charged head groups are more potent and selective than lithocholic and deoxycholic counterparts, particularly against Gram-negative bacteria. This is ascribed to the formation …

Metallo-Polyelectrolytes As A Class Of Ionic Macromolecules For Functional Materials, Tianyu Zhu, Ye Sha, Jing Yan, Parasmani Pageni, Md Anisur Rahman, Yi Yan, Chuanbing Tang

Faculty Publications

The fields of soft polymers and macromolecular sciences have enjoyed a unique combination of metals and organic frameworks in the name of metallopolymers or organometallic polymers. When metallopolymers carry charged groups, they form a class of metal-containing polyelectrolytes or metallo-polyelectrolytes. This review identifies the unique properties and functions of metallo-polyelectrolytes compared with conventional organo-polyelectrolytes, in the hope of shedding light on the formation of functional materials with intriguing applications and potential benefits. It concludes with a critical perspective on the challenges and hurdles for metallo-polyelectrolytes, especially experimental quantitative analysis and theoretical modeling of ionic binding.

Evidence That A Respiratory Shield In Escherichia Coli Protects A Low-Molecular-Mass Fe-Ii Pool From O2-Dependent Oxidation, Joshua D. Wofford, Naimah Bolaji, Nathaniel Dziuba, Franklin Wayne Outten, Paul A. Lindahl

Faculty Publications

Iron is critical for virtually all organisms, yet major questions remain regarding the systems' level understanding of iron in whole cells. Here, we obtained Mössbauer and EPR spectra of Escherichia coli cells prepared under different nutrient iron concentrations, carbon sources, growth phases, and O₂ concentrations to better understand their global iron content. We investigated wild-type cells and those lacking Fur, FtnA, Bfr, and Dps proteins. The coarse-grain iron content of exponentially growing cells consisted of iron-sulfur clusters, variable amounts of nonheme high-spin Fe^II species, and an unassigned residual quadrupole doublet. The iron in stationary-phase cells was dominated by …

Impacts Of Natural And Anthropogenic Colonized Habitats On The Range Shifting Mangrove Tree Crab (Aratus Pisonii), Zachary John Cannizzo

Theses and Dissertations

Mis-matches in climate-mediated shifting rates cause the ranges of some species to become decoupled from their historic ecosystem, leading to the colonization of ecosystems they have not previously inhabited. When this occurs, the shifting species may experience suboptimal conditions which challenge its ability to persist and expand into the novel ecosystem. However, within the colonized ecosystem, shifting species may encounter artificial habitat analogues: artificial habitats that more closely resemble the species’ historic ecosystem than the surrounding habitat and which mitigate some of the negative impacts experienced elsewhere in the novel ecosystem. Despite their importance to the ecology, life history, and …

Neighborhood Socioeconomic Environment And Its Influence On Cardiorespiratory Fitness And Physical Activity In Youth, Morgan N. Clennin

Theses and Dissertations

Among youth, inadequate cardiorespiratory fitness and physical inactivity are powerful markers of health associated with numerous health outcomes across the lifespan. Unfortunately, a majority of U.S. youth have inadequate cardiorespiratory fitness levels and do not meet physical activity guidelines. While previous research has identified several individual-level factors associated with youth cardiorespiratory fitness and physical activity, environmental factors have been increasingly recognized. Of particular interest is the neighborhood socioeconomic environment, which has been consistently associated with several health outcomes among adults. However, little is known regarding the relationship between the neighborhood socioeconomic environment, cardiorespiratory fitness, and physical activity among younger populations. …

Targeted Insertion Of The Mping Transposable Element, Ashley E. Strother, Stephanie S. Diaz, Mary E. Baker, C. Nathan Hancock

Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science

Class II DNA Transposable Elements (TEs) are moved from one location to another in the genome by the action of transposase proteins that bind to repeat sequences at the ends of the elements. Although the location TE insertion is mostly random, the addition of DNA binding domains to the transposase proteins has allowed for targeted insertion of some elements. In this study, the Gal4 binding domain was added to the transposase proteins, ORF1 and TPase, which mobilize the mPing element from rice. The Gal4:TPase construct was capable of increasing the number of mPing insertions into the Gal2 and Gal4 promoter …

Effects Of Protein Supplementation On Performance And Recovery In Resistance And Endurance Training, Harry P. Cintineo, Michelle A. Arent, Jose Antonio, Shawn M. Arent Ph.D., Cscs*D, Fissn, Facsm, Fnak

Faculty Publications

There is robust evidence which shows that consuming protein pre- and/or post-workout induces a significant rise in muscle protein synthesis. It should be noted, however, that total daily caloric and protein intake over the long term play the most crucial dietary roles in facilitating adaptations to exercise. However, once these factors are accounted for, it appears that peri-exercise protein intake, particularly in the post-training period, plays a potentially useful role in terms of optimizing physical performance and positively influencing the subsequent recovery processes for both resistance training and endurance exercise. Factors that affect the utility of pre- or post-workout feeding …

Influenza Virus Infectivity Is Retained In Aerosols And Droplets Independent Of Relative Humidity, Karen A. Kormuth, Kaisen Lin, Aaron J. Prussin, Eric P. Vejerano, Andrea J. Tiwari, Steve S. Cox, Micheal M. Myerburg, Seema S. Lakdawala, Linsey C. Marr

Faculty Publications

Pandemic and seasonal influenza viruses can be transmitted through aerosols and droplets, in which viruses must remain stable and infectious across a wide range of environmental conditions. Using humidity-controlled chambers, we studied the impact of relative humidity on the stability of 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1) virus in suspended aerosols and stationary droplets. Contrary to the prevailing paradigm that humidity modulates the stability of respiratory viruses in aerosols, we found that viruses supplemented with material from the apical surface of differentiated primary human airway epithelial cells remained equally infectious for 1 hour at all relative humidities tested. This sustained infectivity was …

Barriers And Facilitators To Compliance With A State Healthy Eating Policy In Early Care And Education Centers, Daniel A. Zaltz, Russell R. Pate, Jennifer R. O'Neill, Brian Neelon, Sara E. Benjamin-Neelon

Faculty Publications

Background: Early care and education (ECE) policies can improve childhood obesity risk factors. We evaluated barriers and facilitators to implementing mandatory nutrition standards for foods provided in South Carolina ECE centers serving lowincome children, comparing centers participating in the Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP) with non-CACFP centers.

Methods: We mailed 261 surveys (demographics, policies and practices, barriers and facilitators) to center directors after new state nutrition standards were implemented in South Carolina. We conducted univariate and bivariate analyses to explore relationships between barriers, facilitators, and center-level characteristics, by CACFP status.

Results: We received 163 surveys (62% response rate). …

Determining The First Intermediate Host To Parasites Glossocercus Caribaensis And Cyclustera Ibisae That Are Found In Fundulus Heteroclitus In The North Inlet-Winyah Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve, Emiley Masloski, Marlee B. Marsh

Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science

Fundulus heteroclitus serves as a host to many parasites, providing a model system to investigate questions regarding evolution and ecology of host-parasite interactions in natural populations. Previous research from the North Inlet Estuary at Belle W. Baruch shows that F. heteroclitus serve as second intermediate hosts to cestodes, Glossocercus caribaensis and Cyclustera ibisae. Finding larval parasites in the first intermediate host will complete gaps in the knowledge about these parasites’ life cycles. In the experiment, 27 fish were collected from the North Inlet Estuary and were dissected and examined for parasites around the gastrointestinal tract. Parasites collected were sent …