Life Sciences Commons^™

Local And Systemic Inflammatory And Antibody Responses To Salmonella-Killed Vaccines In Egg-Type Pullets, Jossie Mair Santamaria Archbold

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Salmonella infection in chickens is a significant and complex challenge to manage, affecting poultry health and food safety. Vaccination against Salmonella is a promising preventative approach to control flock infection and decrease the loads of this pathogen. Vaccination strategies against Salmonella often comprise the application of live attenuated and killed (inactivated) vaccines, including inactivated autogenous vaccines. Live attenuated Salmonella vaccines stimulate both cellular and humoral immunity but can potentially return to a virulent state; meanwhile, inactivated Salmonella vaccines trigger more of a humoral response and are safer since they are entirely rendered inactive. However, there is a lack of information …

Bacterial Chondronecrosis With Osteomyelitis Lameness In Broiler Chickens And Its Implications For Welfare, Meat Safety, And Quality: A Review, Amanda Anthney, Anh Dang Trieu Do, Adnan A.K. Alrubaye

Poultry Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

The exponential increase in global population continues to present an ongoing challenge for livestock producers worldwide to consistently provide a safe, high-quality, and affordable source of protein for consumers. In the last 50 years, the poultry industry has spearheaded this effort thanks to focused genetic and genomic selection for feed-efficient, high-yielding broilers. However, such intense selection for productive traits, along with conventional industry farming practices, has also presented the industry with a myriad of serious issues that negatively impacted animal health, welfare, and productivity–such as woody breast and virulent diseases commonly associated with poultry farming. Bacterial chondronecrosis with osteomyelitis (BCO) …

Phylogenomic Analyses Of Three Distinct Lineages Uniting Staphylococcus Cohnii Snd Staphylococcus Urealyticus From Diverse Hosts, L. Caroline House, Amer Hasan, Andi Asnayanti, Adnan A. Alrubaye, Jeff Pummill, Douglas Rhoads

Poultry Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

We sequenced and assembled genomes for 17 isolates of Staphylococcus cohnii isolated from osteomyelitis lesions in young broilers from two separate experiments where we induced lameness using a hybrid wire-litter flooring system. Whole genome comparisons using three different methods support a close relationship of genomes from both S. cohnii and Staphylococcus urealyticus. The data support three different lineages, which we designated as Lineage 1, Lineage 2, and Lineage 3, uniting these two species within an evolving complex. We present evidence for horizontal transfer between lineages of genomic regions from 50–440 kbp. The transfer of a 186 kbp region from …

The Relationship Between Phosphorus Retention And Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 In Broiler Breeders, A. D. Magnuson, N. Boonsinchai, J. Caldas, J. England, C. Coon

Poultry Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Previous studies with broiler breeders indicate a P retention threshold when fed daily dietary levels of non-phytate P (NPP) exceeding 320 mg. Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is a hormone secreted by osteocytes which modulates P retention and could be the biological agent which controls the P threshold in breeders. To evaluate the relationship between FGF23 and the P retention threshold, a 4 -wk study with 32 -wk -old breeders was conducted with 6 dietary treatments with daily NPP intake of 216 to 576 mg/d/h with increments of 80 mg/kg diet. The goals were 1) to …

Carcassformer: An End-To-End Transformer-Based Framework For Simultaneous Localization, Segmentation And Classification Of Poultry Carcass Defect, Minh Tran, Sang Truong, Arthur F.A. Fernandes, Michael T. Kidd, Ngan Le

Poultry Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

In the food industry, assessing the quality of poultry carcasses during processing is a crucial step. This study proposes an effective approach for automating the assessment of carcass quality without requiring skilled labor or inspector involvement. The proposed system is based on machine learning (ML) and computer vision (CV) techniques, enabling automated defect detection and carcass quality assessment. To this end, an end -to - end framework called CarcassFormer is introduced. It is built upon a Transformer -based architecture designed to effectively extract visual representations while simulta- neously detecting, segmenting, and classifying poultry carcass defects. Our …

Evaluating The Impact Of The Poultrystar®Bro Probiotic On The Incidence Of Bacterial Chondronecrosis With Osteomyelitis Using The Aerosol Transmission Challenge Model, Ruvindu Perera, Khawla Alharbi, Amer Hasan, Andi Asnayanti, Anh Dang Trieu Do, Abdulkarim Shwani, Raj Murugesan, Shelby Ramirez, Michael Kidd, Adnan A. Alrubaye

Poultry Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Bacterial chondronecrosis with osteomyelitis (BCO) lameness is a major welfare issue for broiler production worldwide affecting approximately 1.5% of broilers over 42 days old. Excessive body weight gain causes mechanical stress on long bones, leading to micro-fractures. This condition induces a bacterial infection of fractures, resulting in bone necrosis and eventual BCO lameness. Increasing gut integrity and supporting Calcium metabolism contribute to the optimal bone structure and subsequently reduce BCO lameness. Probiotics thus provide an excellent strategy for alleviating BCO due to the improvement of intestinal integrity and barrier function. Accordingly, the present study investigated the lameness reduction through the …

Diatom Abundance In The Polar Oceans Is Predicted By Genome Size, Wade R. Roberts, Adam M. Siepielski, Andrew J. Alverson

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

A principal goal in ecology is to identify the determinants of species abundances in nature. Body size has emerged as a fundamental and repeatable predictor of abundance, with smaller organisms occurring in greater numbers than larger ones. A biogeographic component, known as Bergmann’s rule, describes the preponderance, across taxonomic groups, of larger-bodied organisms in colder areas. Although undeniably important, the extent to which body size is the key trait underlying these patterns is unclear. We explored these questions in diatoms, unicellular algae of global importance for their roles in carbon fixation and energy flow through marine food webs. Using a …

Bat Humoral Immunity And Its Role In Viral Pathogenesis, Transmission, And Zoonosis, Anne A. Roffler, Daniel P. Maurer, Tamika J. Lunn, Tarja Sironen, Kristian M. Forbes, Aaron G. Schmidt

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Bats harbor viruses that can cause severe disease and death in humans including filoviruses (e.g., Ebola virus), henipaviruses (e.g., Hendra virus), and coronaviruses (e.g., SARS-CoV). Bats often tolerate these viruses without noticeable adverse immunological effects or succumbing to disease. Previous studies have largely focused on the role of the bat’s innate immune response to control viral pathogenesis, but little is known about bat adaptive immunity. A key component of adaptive immunity is the humoral response, comprised of antibodies that can specifically recognize viral antigens with high affinity. The antibody genes within the 1,400 known bat species are highly diverse, and …

A Robust Genome Assembly With Transcriptomic Data From The Striped Bark Scorpion, Centruroides Vittatus, Tsunemi Yamashita, Douglas D. Rhoads, Jeff Pummill

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Scorpions, a seemingly primitive, stinging arthropod taxa, are known to exhibit marked diversity in their venom components. These venoms are known for their human pathology, but they are also important as models for therapeutic and drug development applications. In this study, we report a high-quality genome assembly and annotation of the striped bark scorpion, Centruroides vittatus, created with several shotgun libraries. The final assembly is 760 Mb in size, with a BUSCO score of 97.8%, a 30.85% GC, and an N50 of 2.35 Mb. We estimated 36,189 proteins with 37.32% assigned to Gene Ontology (GO) terms in our GO …

Producer Perceptions Of Us Livestock Indemnity Policy, Victoria L. Campbell, Jada M. Thompson, Jenny L. Apriesnig, Glynn T. Tonsor, Dustin L. Pendell

Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness Faculty Publications and Presentations

Objective

Materials and Methods

Results and Discussion

Monitoring Effects On Anthocyanins, Non-Anthocyanin Phenolics And Oracfl Values Of Colombian Bilberry (V. Meridionale Swartz) During Pulping And Thermal Operations, Luke Howard, Cindi Brownmiller, G. Astrid Garzon

Food Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Processing of berries usually degrades anthocyanin and non-anthocyanin phenolics and diminishes antioxidant activity. In Colombia, jelly produced from the fruit of Vaccinium meridionale Swartz is a popular product among consumers. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of jelly processing steps on bioactive components. Analysis of anthocyanins (ACNs) and non-anthocyanin phenolics was performed via HPLC-PDA. Antioxidant activity was assessed by the ORAC_FL method. The pulping step had the highest impact on ACNs, whose total content was significantly higher in the pomace (747.6 ± 59.2 mg cyanidin 3-glucoside (cyn 3-glu)/100 g) than in the pulp (102.7 …

Agricultural Extension Service, Technology Adoption, And Production Risk Nexus: Evidence From Bangladesh, Muhammad Jangir Alarm, Pavesh Kumar Sarma, Ismat Ara Begum, Jeff Connor, Lin Crase, Shiek Mohammad Sayem, Andrew M. Mckensie

Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness Faculty Publications and Presentations

Rice production is inherently risky and volatile, and farmers in Bangladesh face a wide range of risks, including weather, pest and disease attacks, interruptions to input supply, and market-associated risks. Moreover, poor farm households often perceive risks in adopting new technology, even though it could improve productivity and food security. Such households are thus caught in a “risk-induced trap” that precludes them from realizing the benefits of technological innovation. Extension service is one way to help farmers improve risk management skills and escape risk-induced traps, but there is limited empirical analysis of its impact in Bangladesh. The objective of …

Biochar Source And Rate Effects On Soil Ph And Water-Soluble Nutrients Over Time In Simulated Furrow-Irrigated Rice In The Greenhouse, Jonathan Brye, Lauren Gwaltney, Diego Della Lunga, Kristofor Brye

Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Biochar is the by-product of burning vegetative dry matter and can positively impact soil properties as an organic soil amendment, leading to biochar’s increased use in agroecosystems. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of biochar source [i.e., an Arkansas (AR) and Colorado (CO) biochar] and rate (i.e., 0, 2.5, and 5 Mg ha ^-1 ) on soil pH and water-soluble (WS) soil phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and sulfur (S) concentrations in simulated-furrow-irrigated rice ( Oryza sativa ) on a silt-loam soil (Typic Albaqualf) in the greenhouse. Soil pH differed among …

Gender Differences In Job Satisfaction Among Gig Workers In Bangladesh, Mou Rani Sarker, Tanjum Afrin Taj, Md Abdur Rouf Sarkar, Md. Fuad Hassan, Andrew M. Mckensie, Md Abdullah Al Mamun, Dweep Sarker, Humnath Bhandani

Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness Faculty Publications and Presentations

The gig economy (temporary, contract, and freelance online jobs rather than permanent positions) is a component of the fourth industrial revolution and preview of future work. The rise of digital platforms has increased career opportunities and income potential, particularly for women. Yet, the sex-disaggregated evidence regarding platform usage, employment characteristics, and working motivations and satisfaction remains untapped. Using data from a quantitative survey of Bangladeshi gig workers (242 men and 201 women) conducted in 2022, this paper addresses these gaps between male and female workers. The gig economy appears to be gender-segregated across digital platform usages and working categories. Women …

Risk Of Invasive Waterfowl Interaction With Poultry Production: Understanding Potential For Avian Pathogen Transmission Via Species Distribution Models, Reilly T. Jackson, Percival Matzinger Marshall, Chris R. Burkhart, Julia Schneck, Grant Kelly, Caleb P. Roberts

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Recent outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza have devastated poultry production across the United States, with more than 77 million birds culled in 2022–2024 alone. Wild waterfowl, including various invasive species, host numerous pathogens, including highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV), and have been implicated as catalysts of disease outbreaks among native fauna and domestic birds. In major poultry-producing states like Arkansas, USA, where the poultry sector is responsible for significant economic activity (>$4 billion USD in 2022), understanding the risk of invasive waterfowl interactions with domestic poultry is critical. Here, we assessed the risk of invasive waterfowl-poultry interaction …

Efficacy Of Liver Free And Chitosan Against Eimeria Tenella In Chickens, Zhang Yu, Abdulaziz Alouffi, Ebtsam Al-Olayan, Gungor Cagdas Dincel, G. Tellez-Isaias, Inkar Castellanos-Huerta, Danielle Graham, Victor M. Petrone-Garcia, Beniamino T. Cenci-Goga, Luca Grispoldi, Luis Madeiro De Carvalho, Saeed El-Ashram

Poultry Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Eimeria spp. are the pathogen that causes coccidiosis, a significant disease that affects intensively reared livestock, especially poultry. Anticoccidial feed additives, chemicals, and ionophores have routinely been employed to reduce Eimeria infections in broiler production. Therefore, the shift to antibiotic-free and organic farming necessitates novel coccidiosis preventive strategies. The present study evaluated the effects of potential feed additives, liver free and chitosan, against Eimeria tenella infection in White Leghorn broiler female chickens. One hundred sixty-five 1-day-old White Leghorn broiler female chicks were divided into 11 groups (15 female chicks per group), including the positive control group (G1), the negative control …

Morphological And Physiological Changes Of Hydroponic Lettuce Grown In Varying Potassium Concentrations And An Adaptive Lighting Control System, Peyton Lou Peyton, Marc W. Van Iersel, Ryan W. Dickson, Lynne Seymour, Melanie Yelton, Rhuanito Soranz Ferrarezi

Horticulture Faculty Publications and Presentations

We investigated the growth dynamics of hydroponic lettuce (Lactuca sativa) driven by the influence that potassium (K⁺) has on crop growth. This study aimed to determine whether increased K⁺ concentrations under different daily light integrals (DLIs) in a hydroponic system will boost growth of greenhouse lettuce. This study was conducted within a controlled glass greenhouse environment with varying DLIs achieved by integrating an adaptive lighting control system over a 16-hour photoperiod. We used three K⁺ treatments of 200, 400, or 600 mg⋅L⁻¹ K⁺ and six DLI lighting treatments of 11.1, 12.9, 14.6, …

Formic Acid As An Antibiotic Alternative In Broiler Diets: Effects On Growth, Carcass Characteristics, Blood Chemistry, And Intestinal Microbial Load, Mohamed E. Abd El-Hack, Elwy A. Ashour, Islam M. Youssef, Ahmed I. Elsherbeni, Guillermo Tellez-Isaias, Ahmed K. Aldhalmi, Ayman A. Swelum, Soha A. Farag

Poultry Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

This study explored the ability of formic acid (FA) to replace antibiotics in broiler chicken diets. It examined how FA affected the chickens' growth, carcass characteristics, blood chemistry, and gut bacteria. The experiment randomly assigned 300 one-day-old (Ross 308) broiler chicks to 5 groups, each divided into 6 replicates with 10 unsexed chicks. The following were the treatments: 1st group, negative control (NC): only received a basal diet; 2nd group, positive control (PC): received a basal diet supplemented with 0.5 grams of Colistin antibiotic per kilogram of diet; 3rd, 4th, and 5th groups (FA2, FA4, …

Revisiting The Freshwater Imperative: Harnessing Team Science To Face Emerging Challenges To Freshwaters, Steven Sadro, Erin R. Hotchkiss, Kathryn L. Cottingham, Michael J. Vanni, Shannon Speir, Catherine M. O'Reilly

Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Freshwater ecosystems face ever increasing environmental and ecological challenges. Recognition of those challenges is not new—over 30 years ago, a series of workshops convened to develop a research agenda (The Freshwater Imperative) to address those challenges. It was recognized that a critical component of solving the problems that freshwater ecosystems face would require greater interdisciplinary collaboration. Here, we discuss the context for the “Revisiting the Freshwater Imperative” workshop and describe how a small-workshop model can be used effectively to seed longer term collaborative partnerships in support of meeting the challenges freshwater ecosystems face. Some key recommendations include: (1) …

A Versatile, Semi-Automated Image Analysis Workflow For Time-Lapse Camera Trap Image Classification, Gerardo Celis, Peter Ungar, Aleksandr Sokolov, Natalia Sokolova, Hannah Bohner, Desheng Liu, Olivier Gilg, Ivan Fufachev, Olga Pokrovskaya, Rolf Anker Ims, Wenbo Zhou, Dan Morris, Dorothee Ehrich

Anthropology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Camera traps are a powerful, practical, and non-invasive method used widely to monitor animal communities and evaluate management actions. However, camera trap arrays can generate thousands to millions of images that require significant time and effort to review. Computer vision has emerged as a tool to accelerate this image review process. We propose a multi-step, semi-automated workflow which takes advantage of site-specific and generalizable models to improve detections and consists of (1) automatically identifying and removing low-quality images in parallel with classification into animals, humans, vehicles, and empty, (2) automatically cropping objects from images and classifying them (rock, bait, empty, …

Pixel-Based Spatiotemporal Statistics From Remotely Sensed Imagery Improves Spatial Predictions And Sampling Strategies Of Alluvial Soils, Marcelo Mancini, Hans Edwin Winzeler, Joshua Michael Blackstock, Phillip R. Owens, David D. Miller, Sergio H.G. Silva, Amanda Ashworth

Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Alluvial plains are vexing landscapes for soil mapping and spatial soil property predictions. Alluvial sediments often exhibit unpredictable spatial variability from both fluvial and anthropogenic disturbance. The determination of optimal number of soil sampling points for capturing soil variability remains a persistent issue for mapping and monitoring soil conditions. Here, soil organic matter (SOM) and cation exchange capacity (CEC) were estimated in an alluvial plain from a dense array of 2145 soil samples over 250 ha. The primary goals were to i) use pixel-based statistics from time-series Sentinel-2 satellite reflectance data to estimate SOM and CEC; ii) evaluate the use …

Arkansas Corn And Grain Sorghum Research Studies 2023, Jason Kelley, Travis Faske

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

The 2023 edition of the Arkansas Corn and Grain Sorghum Research Studies Series includes research results on topics pertaining to corn and grain sorghum production, including weed, disease, and insect management; economics; irrigation; agronomics; soil fertility; mycotoxins; cover crop management; and research verification program results. Our objective is to capture and broadly distribute the results of research projects funded by the Arkansas Corn and Grain Sorghum Board. The intended audience includes producers and their advisors, current investigators, and future researchers. The Series serves as a citable archive of research results.

Increased Co2 Levels During The First Half Of Incubation At High Altitude Modifies Embryonic Development Of Fertile Leghorn Breeder Eggs, Marco A. Juarez-Estrada, Erik I. Lopez-Ruiz, Sonia Lopez-Cordova, G. Tellez-Isaias, Omar F. Prado-Rebolledo

Political Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

The exchange of oxygen (O₂) and carbon dioxide (CO₂) within an incubator has a significant impact on embryonic development (ED) and hatching processes. This study examines the influence of non-ventilation (NV) conditions during the first ten days of incubation at high altitudes on Leghorn hens hatching eggs. Five hundred four hatching eggs were equally divided into three treatment groups and placed in twelve incubators (R = 4). The first group was subjected to standard ventilated conditions (V) during the setting phase. The ventilation inlet holes of the remaining incubators in the NV treatments were closed with …

Co-Activation Patterns During Viewing Of Different Video Game Genres, Ruifang Cui, Zihao Zheng, Lijun Jiang, Weiyi Ma, Dainkun Gong, Dezhong Yao

General Human Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Past research has revealed cognitive improvements resulting from engagement with both traditional action video games and newer action-like video games, such as action real-time strategy games (ARSG). However, the cortical dynamics elicited by different video gaming genres remain unclear. This study explored the temporal dynamics of cortical networks in response to different gaming genres. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data were obtained during eye-closed resting and passive viewing of gameplay videos of three genres: life simulation games (LSG), first-person shooter games (FPS), and ARSG. Data analysis used a seed-free Co-Activation Pattern (CAP) based on Regions of Interest (ROIs). When comparing …

Identifying And Training Deep Learning Neural Networks On Biomedical-Related Datasets, Alan E. Woessner, Usman Anjum, Hadi Salman, Jacob Lear, Jeffrey T. Turner, Ross Campbell, Laura Beaudry, Justin Zhan, Lawrence E. Cornett, Susan Gauch, Kyle P. Quinn

Computer Science and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

This manuscript describes the development of a resources module that is part of a learning platform named 'NIGMS Sandbox for Cloud-based Learning' https://github.com/NIGMS/NIGMS-Sandbox. The overall genesis of the Sandbox is described in the editorial NIGMS Sandbox at the beginning of this Supplement. This module delivers learning materials on implementing deep learning algorithms for biomedical image data in an interactive format that uses appropriate cloud resources for data access and analyses. Biomedical-related datasets are widely used in both research and clinical settings, but the ability for professionally trained clinicians and researchers to interpret datasets becomes difficult as the size and …

Isolation Of Naegleria Lustrarea N. Sp. (Excavata, Discoba, Heterolobosea) From The Feces Of Ambystoma Annulatum (Ringed Salamander) In Northwest Arkansas, Brian M. Becker, Idan Banson, James M. Walker, Anant Deshwal, Matthew W. Brown, Jeffrey D. Silberman

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

The salamander, Ambystoma annulatum, is considered a “species of special concern” in the state of Arkansas, USA, due to its limited geographic range, specialized habitat requirements and low population size. Although metazoan parasites have been documented in this salamander species, neither its native protists nor microbiome have yet been evaluated. This is likely due to the elusive nature and under-sampling of the animal. Here, we initiate the cataloguing of microbial associates with the identification of a new heterlobosean species, Naegleria lustrarea n. sp. (Excavata, Discoba, Heterolobosea), isolated from feces of an adult A. annulatum.

Carbon-Based Nanocomposite Membranes For Membrane Distillation: Progress, Problems And Future Prospects, Chhabilal Regmi, Yuwaraj K. Kshetri, S. Ranil Wickramasinghe

Chemical Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

The development of an ideal membrane for membrane distillation (MD) is of the utmost importance. Enhancing the efficiency of MD by adding nanoparticles to or onto a membrane’s surface has drawn considerable attention from the scientific community. It is crucial to thoroughly examine state-of-the-art nanomaterials-enabled MD membranes with desirable properties, as they greatly enhance the efficiency and reliability of the MD process. This, in turn, opens up opportunities for achieving a sustainable water–energy–environment nexus. By introducing carbon-based nanomaterials into the membrane’s structure, the membrane gains excellent separation abilities, resistance to various feed waters, and a longer lifespan. Additionally, the use …

Impact Of Non-Thermal Plasma Generated Using Air And Nitrogen On Functional Properties Of Milk Protein Dispersions, Nikitha Modupalli, Md Mahfuzur Rahman

Food Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

This study focuses on improving the functionalities of milk protein concentrate (MPC) using a nonthermal plasma jet and plasma-activated water (PAW) with atmospheric air and nitrogen as source gases. The 5% and 10% MPC dispersions were directly treated with a plasma jet, and PAW was used to make the MPC dispersions. The dispersions were analyzed for changes in protein structure and functional properties. The treatment altered the secondary structure of MPC protein structure by increasing β-components and changing the order of random coils. The solubility of the PAW-treated 5% protein dispersions doubled due to plasma-induced modification of hydrophilic and covalent …

Exploring The Effects Of An Alfalfa Leaf-Derived Adsorbent On Microbial Community, Ileal Morphology, Barrier Function, And Immunity In Turkey Poults During Chronic Aflatoxin B1 Exposure, Maria De Jesus Nava-Ramirez, Jing Liu, Juan Omar Hernandez-Ramirez, Xochitl Hernandez-Velasco, Juan D. Latorre, Alma Vazquez-Duran, Guolong Zhang, Roberto Señas-Cuesta, Sergio Gomez-Rosales, Andressa Stein, Billy M. Hargis, Guillermo Tellez-Isaias, Abraham Mendez-Albores, Jesus A. Maguey-Gonzalez

Poultry Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

This article follows-up on our recently published work, which evaluated the impact of the addition of an alfalfa leaf-derived adsorbent in the aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁)-contaminated diet in regard to the production parameters, blood cell count, serum biochemistry, liver enzymes, and liver histology of turkey poults. This paper presents complementary results on microbial community, ileal morphology, barrier function, and immunity. For this purpose, 350 1-day-old female turkey poults were randomly distributed into five groups: (1) Control, AFB₁-free diet; (2) AF, AFB₁-contaminated diet at 250 ng/g; (3) alfalfa, AFB₁-free diet + 0.5% ( …

Natural Variation In Yeast Reveals Multiple Paths For Acquiring Higher Stress Resistance, Amanda N. Scholes, Tara N. Stuecker, Stephanie E. Hood, Cader J. Locke, Carson L. Stacy, Qingyang Zhang, Jeffrey A. Lewis

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Background

Organisms frequently experience environmental stresses that occur in predictable patterns and combinations. For wild Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast growing in natural environments, cells may experience high osmotic stress when they first enter broken fruit, followed by high ethanol levels during fermentation, and then finally high levels of oxidative stress resulting from respiration of ethanol. Yeast have adapted to these patterns by evolving sophisticated “cross protection” mechanisms, where mild ‘primary’ doses of one stress can enhance tolerance to severe doses of a different ‘secondary’ stress. For example, in many yeast strains, mild osmotic or mild ethanol stresses cross protect against severe …