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University of Arkansas, Fayetteville

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Articles 5311 - 5340 of 5634

Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences

Range And Status Of The Nutria, Myocastor Coypus, In Arkansas, Joe W. Bailey, Gary A. Heidt Jan 1978

Range And Status Of The Nutria, Myocastor Coypus, In Arkansas, Joe W. Bailey, Gary A. Heidt

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

An extensive survey has shown that the current range of the nutria, Myocastor coypus. in Arkansas should include the West Gulf Coastal Plain, the Mississippi Alluvial Plain (to Missouri) and the Arkansas Valley along the Arkansas River to Oklahoma. The extensive river and creek systems in the state have provided ready avenues for dispersal, allowing for extremely rapid expansion from the early 1960's when nutria were first observed in the southern part of the state. The current range probably represents most of the suitable habitat in the state and it is felt that further expansion will be held to a …

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Ultraviolet Light Reactivation Of Gamma Ray-Induced Lethal Damage In Vertebrate Cells, Stewart W. Cross, H. Gaston Griggs Jan 1978

Ultraviolet Light Reactivation Of Gamma Ray-Induced Lethal Damage In Vertebrate Cells, Stewart W. Cross, H. Gaston Griggs

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

A comparison was made of the extent of UVR of gamma ray induced lethal damage (mitigation of gamma ray-induced lethal effects by appropriate administration of low UV doses) in fish, amphibian, reptile and mammalian tissue culture cell lines. A significant level of UVR was detected in the non-mammalian lines, but the mammalian cells appeared to have lost this ability. Associated mitotic index data is interpreted as supporting the notion that low UV doses, appropriately administered, may aid repair processes in some cells (indirectly) by hindering the antagonistic metabolic processes which convert gamma ray induced lesions to a non-reversible state.

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Movements Of Channel Catfish And Flathead Catfish In Beaver Reservoir, Northwest Arkansas, Thomas O. Duncan, Milton R. Myers Jr. Jan 1978

Movements Of Channel Catfish And Flathead Catfish In Beaver Reservoir, Northwest Arkansas, Thomas O. Duncan, Milton R. Myers Jr.

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

A total of 497 channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, and flathead catfish, Pylodictis olivaris. were tagged in Beaver Reservoir during two November-April tagging periods (1967-68 and 1968-69); total recaptures were 9.5 and 11.7% respectively. The longest time between tagging and recapture was 1622 days (4.4 years) for channel catfish and 494 days (1.4 years) for flathead catfish. The longest distances traveled were 43.1 km by a channel catfish and 44.3 km by a flathead catfish. Fisherman returns indicated that catfish were caught primarily from April through July. The many recaptures, even after long periods, within 1.6 km of the tagging point, …

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Fishes Of The Caddo River, Arkansas, After Impoundment Of Degray Lake, Michael R. Dewey, Thomas E. Moen Jan 1978

Fishes Of The Caddo River, Arkansas, After Impoundment Of Degray Lake, Michael R. Dewey, Thomas E. Moen

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Fifty-five collections of fishes were made with small-mesh seines and electrofishing gear in the Caddo River and four of its tributaries during 1974-75. Eighty-two species representing 17 families were collected; 14 of the species had not previously been reported from the Caddo River.

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Renovation Of Nitrogenous Wastewater Via Land Application, John T. Gilmour, A. C. Peer, D. C. Regan Jan 1978

Renovation Of Nitrogenous Wastewater Via Land Application, John T. Gilmour, A. C. Peer, D. C. Regan

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Removal of inorganic and organic nitrogen from wastewater prior to recharge of ground and surface waters can be accomplished by judicious land application. This study focused attention upon the feasibility of using sprinkler irrigation as the wastewater delivery system with coastal bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L.,var. coastal) pasture as the wastewater sink. One site was located on a Sawyer soil near El Dorado, while the other was located on a Savannah soil near Malvern. This report is limited to the renovation of surface waters. Results revealed that nitrogen concentration in runoff water from rainfall was substantially less than nitrogen concentration of …

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Loss Of Larval Fish By Epilimnial Discharge From Degray Lake, Arkansas, Thomas E. Moen, Michael R. Dewey Jan 1978

Loss Of Larval Fish By Epilimnial Discharge From Degray Lake, Arkansas, Thomas E. Moen, Michael R. Dewey

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Weekly samples of larval fish were collected from water discharged from the epilimnion of DeGray Lake into the tailwaters, for power generation, from April through August, 1976 and 1977. Peak rates of loss measured were 1.4 larvae/m³ in May, 1976 and 2.7/m³ in April, 1977. Sunfish, shad and crappie made up 97% of an estimated 83.3 million fish lost in 1976, and 98% of 122.4 million lost in 1977. The most critical period for larval fish loss extended from the last week of April to the first week of June. No definite relationships were noted between length of the power …

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Summary Of The Status Of Harvest Mice, Cricetidae: Reithrodontomys, In Arkansas, V. Rick Mcdaniel, John C. Huggins, James A. Huggins, Michael W. Hinson Jan 1978

Summary Of The Status Of Harvest Mice, Cricetidae: Reithrodontomys, In Arkansas, V. Rick Mcdaniel, John C. Huggins, James A. Huggins, Michael W. Hinson

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Although four species of harvest mice, Reithrodoniomyx, are known to occur in Arkansas, the distributional status of the genus in the state is poorly understood. Recent museum specimens significantly extend the range of R. megalotix and R. fulvescens in the state. R. megalotis is shown to range south through Phillips Co. in eastern Arkansas, and R. fulvescens is shown to range throughout most of the state, now including most of the Mississippi Alluvial Plain. A new specimen of R. humulis from Delaware Co., Oklahoma, suggests that this species probably ranges throughout northwestern Arkansas. R montanus remains known only from Washington …

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Fishes Of Morrow Creek, A Lower Ouachita River Tributary, In Southern Arkansas, Henry W. Robison, Stephen A. Winters Jan 1978

Fishes Of Morrow Creek, A Lower Ouachita River Tributary, In Southern Arkansas, Henry W. Robison, Stephen A. Winters

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

The fishes of Moro Creek, a fifth order stream tributary of the lower Ouachita River in southern Arkansas, were sampled from 1972-1977. Field collections, literature records and museum records revealed a total of 63 species representing 14 families. An undescribed cyprinid, the bluehead shiner, is reported from Moro Creek for the first time. In general, longitudinal zonation of fish species was apparent as species diversity increased downstream. Stream inhabitants were typical Coastal Plain fishes of the lower Ouachita River system.

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Influence Of Lead, An Environmental Pollutant On Metamorphosis Of Rana Utricularia (Amphibia: Ranidae), Gloria L. Yeung Jan 1978

Influence Of Lead, An Environmental Pollutant On Metamorphosis Of Rana Utricularia (Amphibia: Ranidae), Gloria L. Yeung

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

The influence of lead, an environmental pollutant on metamorphosis of Rana utricularia, was examined in this study. Larvae of stage XI (Taylor and Kollros, 1946), beginning of the premetamorphic stage, were exposed to lead concentrations of 0.1 ppm, 0.5 ppm, 1.0 ppm and 1.5 ppm for 106 days. The untreated larvae served as controls. Larvae were observed from early limb bud stage, stage X, through the protrusion of the forelimbs, stage XX. Neither the sequence of developmental events nor the gross external and internal morphology was altered by lead. However, lead prolonged the time of metamorphosis by delaying the completion …

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Unusual Accumulation Of Bat Remains From An Ozark Cave, David A. Saugey, R. H. Baber, V. Rick Mcdaniel Jan 1978

Unusual Accumulation Of Bat Remains From An Ozark Cave, David A. Saugey, R. H. Baber, V. Rick Mcdaniel

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Age And Growth Of Carp From Beaver Reservoir, Arkansas, Raj V. Kilambi, Walter R. Robison Jan 1978

Age And Growth Of Carp From Beaver Reservoir, Arkansas, Raj V. Kilambi, Walter R. Robison

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Some Physiological And Morphological Adaptations For Underwater Survival In Natrix Rhombifera And Elaphe Obsoleta, Dennis A. Baeyens, Chris T. Mcallister, Leland F. Morgans Jan 1978

Some Physiological And Morphological Adaptations For Underwater Survival In Natrix Rhombifera And Elaphe Obsoleta, Dennis A. Baeyens, Chris T. Mcallister, Leland F. Morgans

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

The submergence times of the diamondback water snake (Natrix rhombifera) and black rat snake (Elaphe obsoleta) were compared. Both species could easily survive underwater for periods greater than one hour. Furthermore, there was no difference in time of underwater survival in the two species. Some physiological and morphological parameters which may contribute to the ability of N. rhombifera and E. obsoleta to remain submerged were also examined. E. obsoleta was found to have a greater lung volume and larger and more numerous alveoli than N. rhombifera. Both species demonstrated a bradycardia upon submergence but it was less pronounced than the …

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Checklist Of The Sphinx Moths Of Arkansas, Leo J. Paulissen Feb 1977

Checklist Of The Sphinx Moths Of Arkansas, Leo J. Paulissen

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Continuation Of Spider Research In Arkansas: Ouachita Mountain Area, Peggy Rae Dorris, Fred L. Burnside Jr. Feb 1977

Continuation Of Spider Research In Arkansas: Ouachita Mountain Area, Peggy Rae Dorris, Fred L. Burnside Jr.

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Addendum To "Fishes Of The Fourche River" In North Central Arkansas, Steve M. Bounds Feb 1977

Addendum To "Fishes Of The Fourche River" In North Central Arkansas, Steve M. Bounds

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Anomalies Of Limb Regeneration In The Adult Salamander, Ambystoma Annulatum, Henry E. Young Feb 1977

Anomalies Of Limb Regeneration In The Adult Salamander, Ambystoma Annulatum, Henry E. Young

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Regeneration in the adult salamander, Ambystoma annulatum, parallels that of the adult newt (Iten & Bryant, 1973). However, a number of unique features become apparent upon examination of anomalies of adult regenerates. Two regenerates which displayed gross abnormalities revealed, upon histological examination, unique features which give insight into a possible pattern of digit formation in this species of adult salamander. Normal regenerates show 4 or 5 digits radiating distal to the same respective number of bones (distal carpals) present in the distal row of wrist bones. The first anomaly showed only two large, fused distal carpals and two lateral digits. …

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Epidermal Ridge Formation During Limb Regeneration In The Adult Salamander, Ambystoma Annulatum, Henry E. Young Feb 1977

Epidermal Ridge Formation During Limb Regeneration In The Adult Salamander, Ambystoma Annulatum, Henry E. Young

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Regeneration was studied in the Ambystoma annulatum by the amputation of the right forearm of twenty-four adults, over a twelve month period. At the termination of the experiment the limbs were reamputated 1-2 mm proximal to the original amputation site. The regenerated portions were staged, examined at the gross morphological level, and prepared for histological examination. Gross examination revealed a thickened, ridge-like projection along the distal edge of all regenerating forelimbs at the Early Bud through Middle Palette Stages. Histological examination confirmed the existence of this structure as early as Wound Healing and continuing through Middle Palette to a pseudo-epidermal …

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Notes On Saxifragaceae, Edwin B. Smith Feb 1977

Notes On Saxifragaceae, Edwin B. Smith

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Over half of the Arkansas members of the Saxifragaceae are notable due to unusual morphology or distribution within the state. They range from the inconspicuous Lepuropetalon spathulatum (Muhl.) Ell. to the conspicuous Hydrangea arborescens L. Several genera (Heuchera, Parnassia, Philadephus, Ribes) include species with highly restricted ranges in Arkansas, and one includes a single species, Mitella diphylla L., known in Arkansas only from Stone County. Special attention is called to problems in Saxifraga and Heuchera, and a modified treatment of Heuchera arkansana is proposed. An annotated list and list of excluded names for the Arkansas Saxifragaceae is included.

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Distribution, Habitat Notes, And The Status Of The Ironcolor Shiner, Notropis Chalybaeus Cope, In Arkansas, Henry W. Robison Jan 1977

Distribution, Habitat Notes, And The Status Of The Ironcolor Shiner, Notropis Chalybaeus Cope, In Arkansas, Henry W. Robison

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Field work throughout Arkansas since 1971 and a search of museum records have yielded 35 collections of the iron color shiner, Notropis chalybaeus Cope (Cyprinidae), not previously documented in Arkansas. From these data the iron color shiner is considered to be confined to the Coastal Plain physiographic province of Arkansas below the Fall Line, becoming most abundant in the Ouachita and Red River drainages of southern Arkansas. Notes on habitat preference, species associates, and current status of N. chalybaeus within Arkansas are presented.

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Algal Assemblage Distribution As Related To Seasonal Fluctuations Of Selected Metal Concentrations, Ramona G. Rice, Richard L. Meyer Jan 1977

Algal Assemblage Distribution As Related To Seasonal Fluctuations Of Selected Metal Concentrations, Ramona G. Rice, Richard L. Meyer

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Seasonal variations of phytoplankton assemblages have been observed in a mildly eutrophic lake in northwestern Arkansas for six years. The data indicated that certain metal concentrations also varied seasonally. Sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium ion concentrations, and phytoplankton composition and abundances were examined spatially and temporally. Four major algal blooms characterized the lake: a spring, a summer and an autumnal cyanophycean assemblage and a winter diatom-chrysophyte dominated population. Each metal concentration was inversely proportional to the abundance of the cyanophytes. The presence of the winter assemblage was accompanied by decreases in sodium, calcium and magnesium and increased levels of potassium. …

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Evaluation Of Plantings For Wildlife On A Power Line Right Of Way In Southern Arkansas, Robert A. Pierce, Robert T. Kirkwood Jan 1977

Evaluation Of Plantings For Wildlife On A Power Line Right Of Way In Southern Arkansas, Robert A. Pierce, Robert T. Kirkwood

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

The combination of types of land preparation and species of plants seeded along a power line right-of-way was evaluated in terms of the effects upon wildlife. Relative population densities of plants, birds, and mammals were determined for each of the areas under study. A study of the reduction in maintenance costs in relation to the initial investment for preparation and seeding of the land was made

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Time Course Of Pr Of Uv-Induced Chromosomal Aberrations And Lethal Damage In G1 Xenopus Cells, Jan Payne, H. Gaston Griggs Jan 1977

Time Course Of Pr Of Uv-Induced Chromosomal Aberrations And Lethal Damage In G1 Xenopus Cells, Jan Payne, H. Gaston Griggs

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Synchronous cultures of early G1 cells were exposed to UV and their ability to photoreactivate lethal and aberrational damage was determined as a function of time following UV exposure. Lesions leading to cell death were converted to a non-photoreactivable state before cells entered S phase, while lesions leading to chromosomal aberrations were converted to a non-photoreactivable state as the cells entered S phase. These results indicate that the intracellular mechanism which expresses photoreactivable UV-induced lesions in G1 cells as cell death is not identical to the mechanism which expresses such lesions as chromosomal aberrations, and the two mechanisms operate primarily …

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Immunization Of Rats Against Mesocestoides Corti (Cestoda) By Subcutaneous Vaccination Of Living Tetrathyridia And By Passive Transfer With Serum, Jerry Y. Niederkorn Jan 1977

Immunization Of Rats Against Mesocestoides Corti (Cestoda) By Subcutaneous Vaccination Of Living Tetrathyridia And By Passive Transfer With Serum, Jerry Y. Niederkorn

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Laboratory rats were subcutaneously vaccinated with 100 live tetrathyridia of Mesocestoides corti (Cestoda) and subsequently intraperitoneally challenged with 50 tetrathyridia. Necropsy 30 days postinfection revealed that vaccinated rats harbored 97.4% fewer worms compared to control rats. In a second experiment, passive transfer of immunity was accomplished by immune serum from subcutaneously vaccinated rats. Rats receiving immune serum harbored 33.4% lighter worm burdens compared to normal serum recipients.

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Mosquitofish, Gambusia Affinis (Baird And Girard) Production In Extensive Polyculture System, Scott H. Newton, Andrew J. Merkowsky, Ambus J. Handcock, Max V. Miesch Jan 1977

Mosquitofish, Gambusia Affinis (Baird And Girard) Production In Extensive Polyculture System, Scott H. Newton, Andrew J. Merkowsky, Ambus J. Handcock, Max V. Miesch

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

During 1976, mosquitofish, Gambusia affinis Baird and Girard, were reared in combination with food and game fishes in 0.1 ha culture ponds at the University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff fisheries research facility. Mosquitofish production was 218 kg/ha, with 1683 fish per kilogram, in ponds that were also stocked with channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus Rafinesque, bigmouth buffalo, Ictiobus cyprinellus Valenciennes, grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella Valenciennes, and silver carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix Valenciennes. In another similar stocked pond, hybrid sunfish fingerlings depressed mosquitofish yield by 79%. No mosquitofish production was obtained in ponds stocked with 250 largemouth bass, Xficropterus salmoides Lacepede, fry …

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Attraction Of Aerial Insects As A Fish Food Supplement, Andrew J. Merkowsky, Ambus J. Handcock, Scott H. Newton Jan 1977

Attraction Of Aerial Insects As A Fish Food Supplement, Andrew J. Merkowsky, Ambus J. Handcock, Scott H. Newton

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Insect populations over a 1.2 hectare southeast Arkansas livestock pond were sampled to consider the possibility of their use as a fish food supplement. A commercial insect attraction unit was suspended above the pond, and attracted insects were collected. Insect populations were sampled 3-4 nights each month, January-December, 1976. Insects collected were identified and analyses were performed to determine nutritional composition and pesticide content. Insect samples were variable, however, 62% of the insects identified were in the Order Diptera and 97% of these were in the Family Chironomidae. Nutritional analyses revealed insects were more than 60% crude protein. Pesticide analysis …

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The Distribution Of Cane, Arundinaria Gigante (Poaceae: Bambusoideae), Daniel L. Marsh Jan 1977

The Distribution Of Cane, Arundinaria Gigante (Poaceae: Bambusoideae), Daniel L. Marsh

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

The distribution of cane in the United States was compiled on a county basis from previous records, correspondence, and field work. Ecological correlations were considered. The range appears to be limited primarily by temperature and precipitation. Two geographic populations correlate with major drainage divisions. The broad ecologic amplitude of cane is indicated by its occurrence in many different community types.

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Cave Fauna Of Arkansas: Vertebrate Taxa, V. Rick Mcdaniel, James E. Gardner Jan 1977

Cave Fauna Of Arkansas: Vertebrate Taxa, V. Rick Mcdaniel, James E. Gardner

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

The second in a series of papers describing the fauna of Arkansas caves includes distributional records and ecological status (as a cavernicole) of 53 vertebrate taxa, including: 3 fishes, 7 salamanders, 6 frogs, 3 lizards, 7 snakes, one turtle, 3 birds, and 23 mammals. Several of the taxa occur on state lists of endangered species, but records accumulated during the past 5 years indicate the need for a reevaluation of the actual populational status of these organisms.

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Role Of Olfaction In "Taste-Aversion" To Ptc In Mice, Richard C. Lewis Jan 1977

Role Of Olfaction In "Taste-Aversion" To Ptc In Mice, Richard C. Lewis

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

The objective of most taste research involving choice is to eliminate from the experiment all cues to the animal except those that are strictly gustatory. Among those potentially confounding cues, one of the most obvious is olfaction, although it often remains uncontrolled in taste experiments. The present report clearly demonstrates the role played by olfaction in a discrimination experiment with C57B1/6 and CFW mice as regards their response to phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) when paired with water. The results have implications for conclusions drawn by other investigators who have attributed differences in PTC sensitivity in mice to taste alone.

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Growth, Mortality, Food Habits, And Fecundity Of The Buffalo River Smallmouth Bass, Raj V. Kilambi, Walter R. Robison, James C. Adams Jan 1977

Growth, Mortality, Food Habits, And Fecundity Of The Buffalo River Smallmouth Bass, Raj V. Kilambi, Walter R. Robison, James C. Adams

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Total length-scale radius, and length-weight relationships were determined for smallmouth bass from the Buffalo River. The back calculated lengths were used in analyzing the age-length data by the Bertalanffy growth formula. Asymptotic length and weight were estimated as 58.3 cm and 4.6 lbs, respectively. Annual mortality of 36 percent was estimated by the catch curve method. Insects (54%), fishes (16%), and crayfish (14%) were the abundant food organisms by frequency of occurrence; while fishes (64%) and crayfish (29%) were the dominant food items by the gravimetric method. Based on the gonosomatic indices and frequency distribution of ovum diameter measurements, smallmouth …

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Fishes Of The Eleven Point River Within Arkansas, Michael B. Johnson, John K. Beadles Jan 1977

Fishes Of The Eleven Point River Within Arkansas, Michael B. Johnson, John K. Beadles

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

A survey of the fishes of the Eleven Point River and its tributaries was made between 31 January 1976 and 13 February 1977. Sixty-three collections, literature records and personal communications revealed 90 species distributed among 19 families. This study revealed 31 species previously not reported for this river system. The Eleven Point River is a clear, predominantly springfed Ozark stream which is located in western Randolph County. From the Arkansas-Missouri state line, the Eleven Point River flows south for approximately 64 km before joining the Spring River. Terrain in the Arkansas portion of this river is rugged as the river …

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