Life Sciences Commons^™

Analysis Of Per Capita Contributions From A Spatial Model Provides Strategies For Controlling Spread Of Invasive Carp, Donald R. Schoolmaster Jr., Alison A. Coulter, Jahn L. Kallis, Donald C. Glover, John M. Dettmers, Richard A. Erickson

Natural Resource Management Faculty Publications

Metapopulation models may be applied to inform natural resource management to guide actions targeted at location-specific subpopulations. Model insights frequently help to understand which subpopulations to target and highlight the importance of connections among subpopulations. For example, managers often treat aquatic invasive species populations as discrete populations due to hydrological (e.g., lakes, pools formed by dams) or jurisdictional boundaries (e.g., river segments by country or jurisdictional units such as states or provinces). However, aquatic invasive species often have high rates of dispersion and migration among heterogenous locations, which complicates traditional metapopulation models and may not conform to management boundaries. Controlling …

Community-Level Phylogenetic Diversity Does Not Differ Between Rare And Common Lineages Across Tallgrass Prairies In The Northern Great Plains, Sarah A. Herzog, Maribeth Latvis

Native Plant Focused Publications

Niche differentiation has served as one explanation for species coexistence, and phylogenetic relatedness provides a means to approximate how ecologically similar species are to each other. To explore the contribution of rare species to community phylogenetic diversity, we sampled 21 plant communities across the Prairie Coteau ecoregion, an area of high conservation concern. We used breakpoint analysis through the iterative addition of less abundant species to the phylogenetic tree for each community to assess the contribution of rare species to community phylogenetic diversity. We also quantify the phylogenetic signal of abundance using Blomberg's K statistic and calculated the phylogenetic similarity …

Precipitation And Not Cover Crop Composition Influenced Corn Economic Optimal N Rate And Yield, Hunter Bielenberg, Jason D. Clark, Debankur Sanyal, Johnathon Wolthuizen, David Karki, Amin Rahhal

Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science Faculty Publications

The effects of single species cover crops on corn (Zea mays L.) N requirement and grain yield are well studied throughout the U.S. Midwest. However, comparing cover crop mixes that include different compositions of grass and broadleaf species is limited. Fourteen corn N response experiments were conducted in South Dakota from 2018 to 2021. Fall cover crops planted after small grain harvest were mixtures of dominantly grasses, broadleaves, a 50/50 grass/broadleaf mixture, and a no cover crop control. Compared to the control, including a cover crop led to no differences in economic optimal N rate (EONR) and yield at …

2022 Survey For Midwestern Producers Descriptive Results, Tong Wang, Stephen Cheye

Midwestern Farm and Producer Surveys and Policy Briefs

From July to September 2021, researchers at South Dakota State University carried out a survey of producers in the Midwest to understand producers’ views and use of conservation farming and precision technology. To further understand how the input market supply volatilities has affected Midwest farmers' decisions and their potential adjustments to the current market situation, we carried out a re-survey in 2022 with the 1,119 respondents to the 2021 Midwestern survey. The participants of the survey were contacted in four separate rounds in line with the modified Tailored Design Method.

College Of Natural Sciences Newsletter, September & October 2022, College Of Natural Sciences

College of Natural Sciences Newsletters and Reports

Volume 3, Issue 6

Page 1 Dean's Message
Page 2 Awards & Recognition
Page 3 Midwest Regional ACS Meeting
Page 4 North Central ASM Meeting
Page 5 Geography Department Travel
Page 6-7 Media Coverage of CNS
Page 7 REMAST Program at SDState receives national spotlight
Page 8 Celebrating the lives of those who touched the College
Page 9 Innovative Learning Spaces
Page 10 Open PRAIRIE Data
Page 11 2022 CNS Scholarship Brunch
Page 12-14 Fall 2022 Outreach Events

Viewing Animal Migration Through A Social Lens, Ellen O. Aikens, Iris D. Bontekoe, Lara Blumenstiel, Anna Schlicksupp, Andrea Flick

Natural Resource Management Faculty Publications

Evidence of social learning is growing across the animal kingdom. Researchers have long hypothesized that social interactions play a key role in many animal migrations, but strong empirical support is scarce except in a few unique systems and species. In this review, we aim to catalyze advances in the study of social migrations by synthesizing research across disciplines and providing a framework for understanding when, how, and why social influences shape the decisions animals make during migration. Integrating research across the fields of social learning and migration ecology will advance our understanding of the complex behavioral phenomena of animal migration …

Use Of Micellar Casein Concentrate And Milk Protein Concentrate Treated With Transglutaminase In Imitation Cheese Products—Unmelted Texture, Prafulla Salunke, Chenchaiah Marella, J. K. Amamcharla, K. Muthukumarappan, Lloyd Metzger

Dairy Science and Food Science Faculty Publications: 2022 to Present

The amount of intact casein provided by dairy ingredients is a critical parameter in dairy-based imitation mozzarella cheese (IMC) formulation because it has a significant effect on unmelted textural parameters such as hardness. From a functionality perspective, rennet casein (RCN) is the preferred ingredient. Milk protein concentrate (MPC) and micellar casein concentrate (MCC) cannot provide the required functionality due to the higher steric stability of casein micelle. However, the use of transglutaminase (TGase) has the potential to modify the surface properties of MPC and MCC and may improve their functionality in IMC. The objective of this study was to determine …

Auxin-Based Herbicide Program For Weed Control In Auxin Resistant Soybean, Joy Amajioyi, Thandiwe Nleya, Graig Reicks, Janet Moriles- Miller, David Clay, Sharon Clay

Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science Faculty Publications

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivars resistant to synthetic auxin herbicides have provided another mode of action for the postemergence broadleaf weed control. This field study was conducted at three South Dakota locations [Northeast, NERF; east-central, ARF; and Southeast, SERF) in 2019 and two locations (ARF and SERF) in 2020. The Enlist E3 and Roundup Ready 2 Xtend cultivars were planted at three dates (early, mid-, and late season) to examine weed control, agronomic characteristics, nodulation, and yield. Preemergence (PRE) treatment was flumioxazin + metribuzin + S-metolachlor + glyphosate + pendimethalin. Two postemergence (POST) treatments, based on cultivar, were compared …

Why Are Some Plant Species Missing From Restorations? A Diagnostic Tool For Temperate Grassland Ecosystems, Marcello De Vitis, Kayri Havens, Rebecca S. Barak, Louise Egerton-Warburton, Adrienne R. Ernst, Matt Evans, Jeremie B. Fant, Alicia J. Foxx, Kyndall Hadley, Jim Jabcon, Joan O’Shaughnessey, Sai Ramakrishna, David Sollenberger, Sophie Taddeo, Rafael Urbina-Casanova, Chris Woolridge, Lan Xu, Jacob Zeldin, Andrea T. Kramer

Natural Resource Management Faculty Publications

The U.N. Decade on Ecosystem Restoration aims to accelerate actions to prevent, halt, and reverse the degradation of ecosystems, and re-establish ecosystem functioning and species diversity. The practice of ecological restoration has made great progress in recent decades, as has recognition of the importance of species diversity to maintaining the long-term stability and functioning of restored ecosystems. Restorations may also focus on specific species to fulfill needed functions, such as supporting dependent wildlife or mitigating extinction risk. Yet even in the most carefully planned and managed restoration, target species may fail to germinate, establish, or persist. To support the successful …

Industrial Energy Development Decouples Ungulate Migration From The Green Wave, Ellen O. Aikens, Teal B. Wyckoff, Hall Sawyer, Matthew J. Kauffman

Natural Resource Management Faculty Publications

The ability to freely move across the landscape to track the emergence of nutritious spring green-up (termed ‘green-wave surfing’) is key to the foraging strategy of migratory ungulates. Across the vast landscapes traversed by many migratory herds, habitats are being altered by development with unknown consequences for surfing. Using a unique long-term tracking dataset, we found that when energy development occurs within mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) migration corridors, migrating animals become decoupled from the green wave. During the early phases of a coalbed natural gas development, deer synchronized their movements with peak green-up. But faced with increasing disturbance …

Exploring Bacterial Diversity Through Hand-Printing & Bacterial Art, Sudeshna Roy, Mark Abrahamson, Madhav Nepal, Nicholas Butzin

iLEARN Teaching Resources

Bacteria are present in a wide variety of environments, ranging from deep ocean floor to volcanoes. Based on their niche, bacteria can differ in their physiologies. This lesson is designed to make the students aware of the presence of bacteria in their surroundings. This lesson also aims to demonstrate the diversity in bacterial species using colorful bacteria. The bacteria used in this lesson require specific temperatures to grow and develop their color. By the end of this lesson, students will be able to visualize the different colored bacteria on the plate.

Toward Genetic Engineering: Teaching Transformation Using The Pglo Plasmid In High School Classrooms, Isaac Kovash, Tahmina Hossain, Sudeshna Roy, Michael Mitchell, Madhav P. Nepal, Nicholas Butzin

iLEARN Teaching Resources

In this lesson plan, students will learn about genetic engineering and perform the same transformation protocol used by scientists on a daily basis around the world. Genetic engineering is a technique used for direct manipulation, alteration, or modification of genes or genomes of an organism to manipulate the phenotypes. The use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) has emerged everywhere as a mainstay from agriculture to pharmaceuticals. Through this lesson, students will transform Escherichia coli with pGLO plasmid, which give a brilliant fluorescent green glow under UV light. Students will also learn the central dogma of molecular biology: DNA à RNA …

High Protein Powders Fortification Of Nonfat Yoghurt: Impact Of Protein Source, Protein To Total Solids Ratio, Storage, And Seasonality On The Functionality Of Nonfat Yoghurt Made Using Glucono-Δ-Lactone (Gdl), Kartik Shah, Prafulla Salunke, Lloyd Metzger

Dairy Science and Food Science Faculty Publications: 2022 to Present

Nonfat yoghurt is a popular fermented product across the world. High protein powders such as Skim Milk Powder (SMP), Nonfat Dry Milk (NDM), and Milk Protein Concentrate (MPC) can be utilized in yoghurt formulations. The final Total Solids (TS), source and amount of protein in the formulation, and the physicochemical changes during storage may impact the functionality of yoghurt-type products. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of storage of SMP, NDM, MPC40, and MPC70 on the functionality of nonfat yoghurts at three different protein/ TS levels. Additionally, the impact of SMP and NDM manufactured in different …

The State Of Capacity Development Evaluation In Biodiversity Conservation And Natural Resource Management, Eleanor J. Sterling, Amanda Sigouin, Erin Betley, Jennifer Zavaleta Cheek, Jennifer N. Soloman, Kimberley Landrigan, Ana L. Porzecanski, Et. Al.

Natural Resource Management Faculty Publications

Capacity development is critical to long-term conservation success, yet we lack a robust and rigorous understanding of how well its effects are being evaluated. A comprehensive summary of who is monitoring and evaluating capacity development interventions, what is being evaluated and how, would help in the development of evidence-based guidance to inform design and implementation decisions for future capacity development interventions and evaluations of their effectiveness. We built an evidence map by reviewing peer-reviewed and grey literature published since 2000, to identify case studies evaluating capacity development interventions in biodiversity conservation and natural resource management. We used inductive and deductive …

Separating Proactive Conservation From Species Listing Decisions, Adrienne I. Kovach, Amanda E. Cheeseman, Joathan B. Cohen, Chadwick D. Rittenhouse, Christopher M. Whipps

Natural Resource Management Faculty Publications

Proactive Conservation is a paradigm of natural resource management in the United States that encourages voluntary, collaborative efforts to restore species before they need to be protected through government regulations. This paradigm is widely used to conserve at-risk species today, and when used in conjunction with the Policy for Evaluation of Conservation Efforts (PECE), it allows for successful conservation actions to preclude listing of species under the Endangered Species Act (ESA). Despite the popularity of this paradigm, and recent flagship examples of its use (e.g., greater sage grouse, Centrocercus urophasianus), critical assessments of the outcomes of Proactive Conservation are lacking …

Quantification And Machine Learning Based N2o-N And Co2-C Emissions Predictions From A Decomposing Rye Cover Crop, Deepak R. Joshi, David E. Clay, Sharon A. Clay, Janet Moriles Miller, Aaron L.M. Daigh, Graig Reicks, Shania Westhoff

Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science Faculty Publications

Cover crops improve soil health and reduce the risk of soil erosion. However, their impact on the carbon dioxide equivalence (CO2e) is unknown. Therefore, objective of this two-year study was to quantify the effect of cover crop-induced differences in soil moisture, temperature, organic C, and microorganisms on CO2e and to develop machine learning algorithms that predict daily N2O-N and CO2-C emissions. The prediction models tested were multiple linear regression (MLR), partial least square regression (PLSR), support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), and artificial neural network (ANN). Models’ performance was accessed using R2 , RMSE and MAE. Rye (secale cereale) …

Reproduction Of Soybean Cyst Nematode Populations On Field Pennycress, Henbit, And Purple Deadnettle Weed Hosts, Pawan Basnet, Sharon A. Clay, Emmanuel Byamukama

Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science Faculty Publications

Several weeds serve as alternative soybean cyst nematode (SCN) hosts. Still, the relative reproductive capacity of SCN HG types (Heterodera glycines type) on weed hosts relative to soybean is not well understood. This study examined the reproduction of three South Dakota endemic SCN populations—PSCN-1 (HG 0), PSCN-2 (HG 2.5.7), and PSCN-3 (HG 7)—on purple deadnettle, field pennycress, and henbit. The Relative Female Index (RFI) was calculated to compare SCN reproduction relative to the susceptible soybean check. Weed hosts, HG types, and their interactions influenced SCN reproduction. Henbit (RFI = 51.8) and purple deadnettle (RFI = 47.6) roots had a similar …

Effect Of Storage Of Skim Milk Powder, Nonfat Dry Milk And Milk Protein Concentrate On Functional Properties, Kartik Shah, Prafulla Salunke, Lloyd Metzger

Dairy Science and Food Science Faculty Publications: 2022 to Present

The physicochemical changes during the storage of high protein powders, such as skim milk powder (SMP), nonfat dry milk (NDM), and milk protein concentrates (MPC), can result in a variation in the functional properties of the powders. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the storage of various milk powders (SMP, NDM, MPC40, and MPC70) on their functional properties. Three different lots of the powders were collected from US manufacturers and were analyzed for functional properties after 3, 9, and 15 months of storage at 25 °C. Additionally, this study also evaluated the effects of seasonal …

College Of Natural Sciences Newsletter, July & August 2022, College Of Natural Sciences

College of Natural Sciences Newsletters and Reports

Volume 3, Issue 5

Page 1 Dean's Message
Page 2 Awards & Recognition
Page 3 Resources for Student Success
Page 4 Welcome to New Faculty & Staff
Page 5 Summer Activities in CNS
Page 9 Celebrating the lives of those who touched the College
Page 10 Media Coverage of CNS
Page 12 Open PRAIRIE Data
Page 13 Snaps from he start of the semester
Page 14 Science as Art Competition

Increases In Vein Length Compensate For Leaf Area Lost To Lobing In Grapevine, Zoë Migicovsky, Joel F. Swift, Zachary Helget, Laura L. Klein, Anh Ly, Matthew Maimaitiyiming, Karoline Woodhouse, Anne Fennell, Misha Kwasniewski, Allison J. Miller, Peter Cousins, Daniel H. Chitwood

Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science Faculty Publications

Premise:Leaf lobing and leaf size vary considerably across and within species,including among grapevines (Vitisspp.), some of the best‐studied leaves. Weexamined the relationship between leaf lobing and leaf area across grapevinepopulations that varied in extent of leaf lobing.
Methods:We used homologous landmarking techniques to measure 2632 leavesacross 2 years in 476 unique, genetically distinct grapevines fromfive biparentalcrosses that vary primarily in the extent of lobing. We determined to what extent leafarea explained variation in lobing, vein length, and vein to blade ratio.
Results:Although lobing was the primary source of variation in shape across theleaves we measured, leaf area varied only slightly …

Soybean Management For Seed Composition: The Perspective Of U.S. Farmers, Andre F. Borja Reis, Luiz Rosso, Dan Davidson, Peter Kovacs, Larry C. Purcell, Frederick E. Below, Shaun Casteel, Hans J. Kandel, Seth Naeve, Sotirios V. Archontoulis, Ignacio A. Ciampitti

Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science Faculty Publications

The soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] compositional quality is mainly provided by the seed concentration of protein and oil. These traits are critical for sustaining global use, and although there is demand for high protein soybean, no mechanism to differentiate production is in place. At the opposite end of the supply chain, farmers are remunerated on a mass basis without having any incentive regarding seed composition. This study evaluated farmers' perspectives and knowledge on soybean quality and their propensity to adopt quality improvement technologies. Farmers from the main U.S. producing regions (n = 271) were investigated with a …

Simulating The Impact Of Crop–Livestock Interaction On Crop Performance Using Dssat, Teerath Rai, Sandeep Kumar, Thandiwe Nleya, Gerrit Hoogenboom

Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science Faculty Publications

An integrated crop–livestock system (ICL) can help with enhancing soil quality and crop productivity, ultimately increasing farm income. Field experiments that evalu- ated the impact of cover crops (CCs) and grazing on crop productivity have shown mixed results primarily because of a relatively short duration of the crop–livestock system. Dynamic crop models can help to simulate the long-term impact of soils and crop management on crop yield. The objectives of the current study were to develop a simple simulation methodology for crop–livestock interaction using the Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT) and to evaluate the perfor- mance of CC …

Teaching Central Dogma Of Biology Using Cell Free Environment, Lukas Nelson, Sudeshna Roy, Bobbi J. Bohnet, Tracy Chase, Brian Labelle, Nicholas Butzin, Madhav P. Nepal

iLEARN Teaching Resources

In this lesson plan, students will learn and visualize how genetic information coded in DNA is transcribed into RNA which is further translated into protein. This entire process, DNA->RNA-> Protein, is known as the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology. This hands-on module is designed for 9^th through 12^th grade students. To adjust the difficulty level of the modules, some aspects can be modified or removed based on the grade. This module includes an instructional slide show, video tutorial, assessment options, and links to additional resources.

College Of Natural Sciences Newsletter, May & June 2022, College Of Natural Sciences

College of Natural Sciences Newsletters and Reports

Volume 3, Issue 4

Page 1 Dean's Message
Page 2 Awards and Recognition
Page 3-4 The path to a Doctorate Degree
Page 4 American Indian Student Center Native Graduate Honoring Ceremony
Page 5 Celebrating the lives of those who touched the College
Page 6 Media coverage of CNS
Page 7 Open PRAIRIE
Page 8-10 CNS Graduation Festivities
Page 11-14 Spring 2022 Dean's List
Page 16 Richard and Janice Vetter Endowed Professorship in Biotechnology.position

Asas–Nanp Symposium: Mathematical Modeling In Animal Nutrition: Opportunities And Challenges Of Confned And Extensive Precision Livestock Production, Hector M. Menendez Iii, Jameson R. Brennan, Charlotte Gaillard, Krista Ehlert, Jaelyn Quintana, Suresh Neethirajan, Aline Remus, Marc Jacobs, Izabelle A.M.A. Teixerira, Benjamin L. Turner, Luis O. Tedeschi

Natural Resource Management Faculty Publications

Modern animal scientists, industry, and managers have never faced a more complex world. Precision livestock technologies have altered management in confned operations to meet production, environmental, and consumer goals. Applications of precision technologies have been limited in extensive systems such as rangelands due to lack of infrastructure, electrical power, communication, and durability. However, advancements in technology have helped to overcome many of these challenges. Investment in precision technologies is growing within the livestock sector, requiring the need to assess opportunities and challenges associated with implementation to enhance livestock production systems. In this review, precision livestock farming and digital livestock farming …

Teaching Medicinal Plants Used By Native Americans, Amadea Pourier, Dillon Nelson, Wiyaka Pomarleau, Kay Cutler, Madhav P. Nepal

iLEARN Teaching Resources

In this lesson, students will also be able to identify four medicinal plants, describe their characteristics and discuss medicinal uses. Students will use their senses to experience the uses of these medicinal plants. The plants highlighted in this lesson are Chokecherry Tree, Prairie Sage, Lead Plant, and Purple Cornflower. The senses used may consist of smelling the aroma of sage, burning the root of the purple coneflower, or tasting the infusion of the Lead Plant.

Teaching Dna Extractions From Fruits (Strawberry, Banana, Kiwi, And Watermelon), Amadea Pourier, Dillon Nelson, Wiyaka Pomarleau, Kay Cutler, Madhav P. Nepal

iLEARN Teaching Resources

In this lesson, students will use a simple DNA extraction solution and isopropyl alcohol to extract DNA from strawberries, banana, kiwi, and watermelon. The extraction solution consists of dish detergent, water, and table salt. Grinding or crushing the soft fruit tissue will separate the cells. The dish detergent breaks down the membranes, exposing the DNA to the solution. The salt helps the DNA molecule to stick together from the proteins. The cold alcohol dissolves everything but the DNA, which forms an insoluble layer of the DNA allowing it to be visible.

Teaching Medicinal Plants Used By Native Americans, Amadea Pourier, Dillon Nelson, Kay Cutler, Madhav Nepal

iLEARN Teaching Resources

In this lesson, students will also be able to identify four medicinal plants, describe their characteristics and discuss medicinal uses. Students will use their senses to experience the uses of these medicinal plants. The plants highlighted in this lesson are Chokecherry Tree, Prairie Sage, Lead Plant, and Purple Cornflower. The senses used may consist of smelling the aroma of sage, burning the root of the purple coneflower, or tasting the infusion of the Lead Plant.

Climate Change And Management Impacts On Soybean N Fixation, Soil N Mineralization, N2o Emissions, And Seed Yield, Elvis F. Elli, Ignacio A. Ciampitti, Michael J. Castellano, Larry C. Purcell, Seth Naeve, Patricio Grassini, Nicolas C. La Menza, Luiz Moro Rosso, Andre F. De Borja Reis, Peter Kovacs, Sotirios V. Archontoulis

Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science Faculty Publications

Limited knowledge about how nitrogen (N) dynamics are affected by climate change, weather variability, and crop management is a major barrier to improving the productivity and environmental performance of soybean-based cropping systems. To fill this knowledge gap, we created a systems understanding of agroecosystem N dynamics and quantified the impact of controllable (management) and uncontrollable (weather, climate) factors on N fluxes and soybean yields. We performed a simulation experiment across 10 soybean production environments in the United States using the Agricultural Production Systems sIMulator (APSIM) model and future climate projections from five global circulation models. Climate change (2020–2080) increased N …

The Microbial Nitrogen Cycling, Bacterial Community Composition, And Functional Potential In A Natural Grassland Are Stable From Breaking Dormancy To Being Dormant Again, Bikram Kumar Das, Satoshi Ishii, Linto Antony, Alexander Smart, Joy Scaria, Volker Brozel

Native Plant Focused Publications

The quantity of grass-root exudates varies by season, suggesting temporal shifts in soil microbial community composition and activity across a growing season. We hypothesized that bacterial community and nitrogen cycle-associated prokaryotic gene expressions shift across three phases of the growing season. To test this hypothesis, we quantified gene and transcript copy number of nitrogen fixation (nifH), ammonia oxidation (amoA, hao, nxrB), denitrification (narG, napA, nirK, nirS, norB, nosZ), dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonia (nrfA), and anaerobic ammonium oxidation (hzs, hdh) using the pre-optimized Nitrogen Cycle Evaluation (NiCE) chip. Bacterial community composition was characterized using V₃-V₄ of the …