Life Sciences Commons^™

The Effects Of Temperature And Salinity On The Larval Development Of The Grass Shrimp, Palaemonetes Pugio Holthuis Reared In The Laboratory, William Ray Floyd Iii

OES Theses and Dissertations

Palaemonetes pugio larvae, obtained by induced breeding of adults collected in the late fall of 1975 from the Lafayette River, Norfolk, Virginia, were reared in the laboratory using a six temperature by seven salinity factorial design in order to determine the effects of these factors on larval development. Test conditions involved temperature levels ranging from 10°C to 32.5°C and salinity levels from 5°/oo to 35°/oo. At each temperature-salinity condition, 36 larvae were reared individually in 25 ml of artificial seawater containing 25 mg/kg of polyethylene oxide. Food consisted of Artemia nauplii at a concentration of 30/ml of culture water. From …

Demonstration Of Unique Mycelial Components In Candida Albicans, David Jon Mancuso

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

Mycelial (M) and blastopore (B) cell homogenates of Candida albicans strain BJ85 were compared to detect and recover unique M components. Qualitative differences in the protein and lipid content of Mand B homogenates were suggested by discontinuous polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (DPAGE). In addition, a quantitative and possibly qualitative shift in the protein content during germ tube formation was implied by DPAGE. Unique M components were detected using both DPAGE and immunoelectrophoretic (IE) techniques. One unique M component by DPAGE, four by IE, and two by combined DPAGE and IE techniques were suggested. Of these three methods, only DPAGE and the …

Contributions To The Reproductive Biology And Natural History Of The Pirateperch, Aphredoderus Sayanus, Edward O. Murdy

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to describe the micro and macro-anatomy of the reproductive system and the testicular and ovarian development in Aphredoderus sayanus.

Specimens were collected at least once a month from September, 1976, through May, 1977, in Cypress Pond, a part of the Dismal Swamp drainage, outside of Suffolk, Virginia. Forty-three specimens had their gonads examined histologically, of these 13 were males, 29 were females and in one specimen the sex was not determinable.

Aphredoderus sayanus is a spring spawner, spent gonads were found on and after April 13, 1977. Gonads began to ripen in the …

Temperature And Salinity Tolerance Of The Larvae Of The Sand Shrimp, Crangon Septemspinosa (Say), Karen Lyttle Hinsman

OES Theses and Dissertations

The effects of temperature and salinity on the larval development of the sand shrimp, Crangon septemspinosa, were investigated in the laboratory using 30 combinations of temperature and salinity in a five by six factorial experiment. The five temperatures were 5°c, 10°c, 15°c, 20°c, and 25°c and the six salinities were 10°/oo, 15°/oo, 20°/oo, 25°/oo, 30°/oo and 35°/oo. Thirty-six larvae were used for each temperature-salinity combination. Temperature and salinity produced significant differences (1% level) in survival and the duration of larval development. Highest survival occurred at 15°c and 20°/oo. At optimum temperatures (15°c to 20°c) larvae exhibited the broadest tolerance …

A Baseline Study On The Possible Mechanisms Of Larval Stomatopod Distribution On The Carolina Shelf, Carl Robert Berman Jr.

OES Theses and Dissertations

The South Carolina Marine Resources Institute provided the author with 198 station samples containing 2,193 stomatopod larvae. These larvae had been collected during ichthyoplankton Bongo tows on five separate cruises aboard the Institute's vessel R/V DOLPHIN (February, 1972 to January, 1975). The larvae were examined microscopically and divided into early, middle, and late stages according to known growth criteria. The larval distribution was plotted geographically, by seasons, and larval density (larvae/m3) was graphed against distance offshore. Using these data, together with the circulation characteristics on the Carolina Shelf, significant distributional data appeared which supported the hypothesis that the stomatopod population …

Effect Of Nitrite And Nitrate On The Larval Development Of The Grass Shrimp Palaemonetes Pugio Holthuis, Carl Bingham Hinesman

OES Theses and Dissertations

The effects of nitrite and nitrate on survival and larval development of the grass shrimp Palaemonetes pugio were investigated in the laboratory. Nitrite concentrations assayed were 0 (control), 0.5, 1.0, 10, 25 and 50 mg NO₂/1. Nitrate concentrations tested were 0 (control), 100, 250, 500, 1000 and 2000 mg NO₃/1. Temperature and salinity conditions were 25 C and 25 ‰, respectively, and all tests occurred in the dark. Thirty-six larvae were reared in each assay, twelve from each of three adult females.

Nitrite levels of'5 and 50 mg NO₂/1 significantly reduced survival of larvae …

Live Trap Preference Among Grassland Mammals, Robert K. Rose, Norman A. Slade, James H. Honacki

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

In two independent studies, small mammals of grassland communities in eastern Kansas, when given a choice, preferred Fitch to Sherman live traps. Except for the harvest mice in the demographic study, the type of preferred trap and magnitude of selection was remarkably comparable, with microtines showing slight, and cricetines strong, preferences overall. The merits of each type of trap are compared, and related to season, weather, prior experience, and trap-associated mortality.

Feeding Ecology Of Black Sea Bass Centropristis Striata On An Artificial Reef Off Virginia (Perciforms: Serranidae), Ping K. Chee

OES Theses and Dissertations

The feeding ecology of the black sea bass, Centropristis striata, associated with artificial reefs shows seasonal and size-related changes. Monthly collections totaling 520 black sea bass taken from an artificial reef near the Chesapeake Light Tower, Virginia, between August 1975 and May 1976, were analyzed for food habits as revealed by number, volume, frequency of occurrence and a modified Index of Relative Importance.

The black sea bass feeds on the artificial reef as well as the adjacent areas. When food was abundant on the reef, food items from the reef and the surrounding area were consumed. Upon depletion of the …

Duck Plague Virus An Investigation Of Cytopathic Effects, In-Vitro Host Range, And Inhibition By Phosphonoacetic Acid, Ronald Attanasio

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

Duck plague is a hemorrhagic, necrotic disease found exclusively in the order Anseriformes, family Anatidae (ducks, geese, swans). The etiologic agent has been reported to be a herpes-like virus. The Holland strain of duck plague was found to induce cytopathic effects in cell culture (perinuclear vacuolation followed by lysis). A simple reproducible plaque assay for quantitating the virus was developed. Under conditions of the plaque assay, one-hit kinetics were observed. The host range of duck plague virus in cell culture was found to include the order Galliformes, family Phasianidae (pheasants, quails and partridges). Duck plague virus-induced cell culture cytopathic effects …

A Study Of The Zooplankton Composition At A Twenty-Four Hour Station In Waters North Of Cuba, Judith Lee Hensley

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

No abstract.

The Food Habits Of Ictalurus Natalis, Centrarchus Macropterus And Perca Flavescens In Lake Drummond In The Dismal Swamp Of Virginia, Steven C. Russell

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

The food habits of yellow bullhead catfish (Ictalurus natalis), yellow perch (Perea flavescens), and fliers (Centrarchus macropterus) in Lake Drummond in the Dismal Swamp were examined. Seventy yellow bullheads (42 mm to 255 mm), 136 yellow perch (41 mm to 280 mm), and 110 fliers (81 mm to 140 mm), were collected with gill nets, traps, seins, and electro-fishing gear from June through November of 1975. Frequency of occurrence and volumentric data were used to evaluate the relative importance of food items. Spearman's rank correlation coef­ficient was determined from the data to test differences …

Effect Of The Chesapeake-Elizabeth Sewage Outfall Virginia Beach, Virginia On The Distribution And Ecology Of Benthic Foraminifera, James M. Bates Jr.

OES Theses and Dissertations

Sediment and bottom water samples from seven stations at the Chesapeake Elizabeth sewage outfall, Virginia Beach, Virginia were collected in order to evaluate the effect of the outfall on benthic foraminifera. The top centimeter of sediment was analyzed for living and total (live plus dead) foraminiferal densities, chlorophyll a, sediment grain size, ATP, percentage of silt and clay, and total organic carbon. Bottom water salinity, temperature, and ammonia were also analyzed.

Living foraminiferal density increased from March to July and with distance from the outfall. Total foraminiferal density also increased from March to July. The set of environmental variables was …

A Comparative Study Of A Salt Water Impoundment With Its Adjacent Tidal Creek Pertinent To Culture Of Crassostrea Virginica (Gmelin), William D. Anderson Iii

OES Theses and Dissertations

Certain physical, chemical and biological characteristics associated with the culture of subtidal Crassostrea virginica were assessed in a salt water impoundment and its adjacent tidal feeder creek. Large seed oysters (initial y = 57.3 mm) were transferred from a somewhat polluted estuary of Charleston Harbor to floating, mid-water, and bottom hardware cloth trays (200/tray) in a four hectare pond. Identical trays at comparable depths were placed in the tidal creek and each location was sampled monthly for growth and survival. Surface and bottom water samples were collected weekly throughout the study and hourly during four seasonal 25 hour stations. Standard …

Kinetic And Binding Studies On L-∝-Glycerophosphate Dehydrogenase, Paul Richard Rosevear

Chemistry & Biochemistry Theses & Dissertations

The properties of the coenzyme, NAD, binding site of chicken muscle L-∝-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase were studied. Adenosine monophosphate, adenosine diphosphate and adenosine diphosphoribose were sha.vn to inhibit the enzyme competitively with respect to NAD. The presence of adenosine, pyrophosphate and ribose regions in the coenzyme binding site of the enzyme was suggested by the inhibitor constants obtained for these compounds.

Disodium monoalkyl phosphates, n-butyl to n-dodecyl phosphate, inclusive, were also shown to inhibit the L-∝-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase catalized reaction competitively with respect to NAD. A positive chain length effect was observed in the binding of these compounds to the enzyme, suggesting the …

An Intensive Study Of The Spring Phytoplankton Bloom In Lynnhaven Bay, Virginia, Donald Lynn Webster

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

Phytoplankton samples were collected biweekly from two stations, one in each branch of Lynnhaven Bay, Virginia over the period January 24 to June 9, 1975. Water temperature, salinity, pH, oxygen, ammonia, urea, reactive nitrite, reactive nitrate, reactive phosphorus, productivity, transparency, and weather conditions were recorded concurrently. Data were manipulated employing analysis of variance, simple correlation, correlation matrices, and forward stepwise multiple regression. Total phytoplankton numbers exhibited a unimodal pattern. A pre-bloom pulse was recorded at both stations in late February. The spring bloom lasted from April through May. Phytoplankton growth was primarily a function of nutrient supply and temperature. Nutrient …

Structural Comparisons Of Four Plant Communities In The Great Dismal Swamp, Claire Virginia Dabel

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

Four plant communities in the Great Dismal Swamp, located on the coastal plain in southeastern Virginia, were sampled and estimates of density, basal area and aboveground standing crop biomass were determined, Biomass was estimated as 229,800 kg/ha in the Chamaecyparis thyoides community and as 344,500 kg/ha in the Taxodium distichum community. Biomass for the two hardwood communities, the

Acer-Nyssa community and mixed hardwood (Quercus-Nyssa-Acer-Liriodendron-Liquidamber) community was estimated as 195,700 kg/ha and 194,600 kg/ha respectively and did not differ significantly (P

Sex Pheromone Activity In The Foveal Glands In The Two Species Of Ixodid Ticks: Dermacentor Andersoni (Stiles) And Dermacentor Variabilis (Say), Lynn Anne Collins

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

Sex pheromone activity in the foveal glands of female Dermacentor andersoni (Stiles) and Dermacentor variabilis (Say) is described. Autoradiography revealed the accumulation of ³⁶Cl in the foveal glands of females during their first 120 hours of feeding on a ³⁶Cl-labeled host. Emissions collected from these females contained a ³⁶Cl-labeled product. This product, however, was absent in emissions collected from the same females with their foveae dorsales obstructed.

Accumulation of ³⁶Cl in the foveal gland, in conjunction with the release of a ³⁶Cl-labeled product through the foveae dorsales, suggest localization of sex pheromone activity within these …

An Investigation Of The Nucleotide Cyclic 3'5' Adenosine Monophosphate In Young Hypocotyls Of Pisum Sativum L., Gary Marsh Hilton

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

Concentrations of cAMP increased with time in pea hypocotyls assayed at 24 hour intervals over a period of four days. The highest concentration was 20.1 pmoles/mg protein which occurred in 96 hour hypocotyl tips. Ninety-six hour root bodies (dissected region between tip and embryo) achieved a concentration of 8.6 pmoles/mg. Concentrations of cAMP in embryos remained constant around one pmole/mg for three days and values doubled on the fourth day.

Hypocotyls, after germination for 72 hours, were dissected and incubated for various lengths of time in water and 3xl0^-8M IAA. Tips incubated for two hours showed a tenfold …

Studies Of The Purification Of Nad-Dependent And Nadp-Dependent Isocitrate Dehydrogenase By General Ligand Affinity Chromatography, Geoffrey H. Bertkau

Chemistry & Biochemistry Theses & Dissertations

Purification of Yeast NAD⁺-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase was partially successful when utilizing an NAD⁺-ribosyl-hydrazide Sepharose affinity chromatography column. Although no specific elution system was found, a maximum purification of sixty-five fold was achieved with 0.5M KCl elution. A 38-fold purification was obtained when 20mM NAD⁺ was employed for elution.

Yeast and calf liver NADP⁺-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase were also found to bind to NAD⁺-ribosyl-hydrazide Sepharose as well as the NAD⁺-dependent enzyme. Again, elution was achieved with either o,5M KCl or 20 mM NADP⁺.

Ammonium sulfate fractionation decreased the yield …

A Batch Method For The Isolation Of Immunogenically Pure Igg, Iga, And Igm From Human Sera, Samuel Christopher Powell

Chemistry & Biochemistry Theses & Dissertations

A method is described for preparing an enriched fraction of the three major antibodies, immunoglobulins IgG, IgA and IgM, from normal human serum by a batch method. Selective precipitation of these proteins was carried out in successive steps using polyethylene glycol (PEG) of average molecular weight 6,000 at concentrations of 7%, 12% and 14% (16) . Zinc sulfate (10 mM) was used to remove highly immunogenic alpha₂ macroglobulin from the IgM fraction. IgA, IgM and IgG were further purified by adsorption methods using DEAE-cellulose. Quantitation and qualitation of the enriched fractions showed nearly complete separation of each of the …

Vegetative Study At The Duck Field Research Facility, Duck, North Carolina, Gerald F. Levy

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

The Duck Field Research Facility is located on the Outer Banks of North Carolina, a series of offshore sandbars extending from the Virginia- North Carolina border southward about 200 miles to Bogue Inlet, North Carolina. These bars lie almost parallel to the mainland and are separated from it by shallow sounds of varying widths.

The study area is included in Currituck Bank (North Bank), which extends from the Virginia-North Carolina boundary southward to the town of Nags Head, a distance of about 45 miles (Fig. 1). The bank was originally demarcated by two inlets; Old Currituck Inlet, which was located …

Comparison Of The Belgrad Skin Suit To A Conventional Race Suit In The Swimming Speed Of Females, Mary Lucinda Fleet

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Theses & Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of the Belgrad skin suit with a conventional racing suit upon swimming speed in the 25 yard front crawl stroke. Testing involved 30 female subjects, fifteen each of competitive and non-competitive swimmers. The experiment involved both groups being tested twice under four conditions, for a total of eight trials: (1) a conventional suit alone; (2) a conventional suit with an orange juice placebo, suggested to be a supplement energy producer; (3) a Belgrad skin suit alone; and (4) the Belgrad skin suit with the orange juice placebo. A two-factor mixed …

Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoretic Studies Demonstrating Cytoplasmic Protein Components Unique To The Mycelial Phase And To The Yeast Phase Of Candida Albicans, Theresa Catherine Burgess

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

Blastospore and mycelial cytoplasmic extracts from four strains of Candida albicans, varying in virulence, were compared by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis Cytoplasmic extracts were made by disrupting the cultures in a Braun homogenizer followed by ultracentrifugation. The supernatant fractions were then resolved on polyacrylamide gels containing SDS. Each of the preparations yielded a distinct pattern. There were mycelial specific and blastospore specific protein bands. There were more components resolved from the blastospore phase cytoplasmic extracts than from the mycelial phase cytoplasmic extracts. There were bands common to both phases. These results demonstrate protein components unique …

The Natural History Of The Naked Goby Gobiosoma Bosci (Perciformes: Gobiidae), Leonard L. Nero

OES Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to contribute to the knowledge of re ­ production, growth, age, abundance, habitat preference, feeding habit and behavior of the naked goby, Gobiosoma Bosci.

Monthly collections were made from January through December. 1974 in Deary Cove a apart of the Lynnhaven estuary, Virginia Beach, Virginia. All fish were measured and sexed in the field.

Most were returned to the population, the remainder. were removed for food habit analyses, determination of fecundity, degree of gonadal maturity and aging. Habitat­ preference and abundance were determined in the field.

Gobiosoma Bosci appears to be an annual …

Variation In The Ecology Morphology And Behavior Of The Troglobitic Amphipod Crustacean Crangonyx Antennatus Packard (Crangonchidae) From Different Habitats, Gary Wayne Dickson

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

Populations of the troglobitic amphipod Crangonyx antennatus living in two distinct aquatic habitats were examined for possible variations in their ecology, morphology and behavior. Collections were made seasonally for one year in six Lee Co., Virginia caves, three containing mud-bottom, drip pools and three with small gravel stream habitats. Environmental parameters thought to influence population variation were quantitatively and qualitatively recorded in each of the six caves.

Amphipod densities, body length, female maturity, clutch number and stream washout rates were found to be greater in drip pool habitat populations. Variation was also observed in body coloration and antennal segment-body length …

Improved Techniques For Marking, Night-Viewing, And Aging White-Tailed Deer, Odocoileus Virginianus, Barnard Hodge Powell

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

These studies were concerned with the development of methods to assist investigators of wildlife population research. Specifically they involve the description of (1) A device which enables an investigator to mark deer at medium range using specially modified darts fired by conventional tranquilizer rifles, (2) Construction of infrared viewers and light sources using surplus equipment and (3) Studies to develop a method of making permanent deer dental impressions under field conditions.

Test Variation In The Sand Dollar, Mellita Quinquiesperforata (Leske), George Glynn Rountree

OES Theses and Dissertations

Mellita quinguiesperforata is a common member of the benthos along the eastern coast of North America. This study considers variation of the test within the species, specifically: 1) variation in test weight, 2) variation in the length-width relationship, and 3) the average number of pore pairs in the ambulacral petals.

A total of 844 sand dollars from three localities was utilized: 1) Pass-a-Grill Beach, St. Petersburg, Florida,2) Bird Shoal, Beaufort, North Carolina, and 3) Fisherman Island, Virginia.

Animals were measured for length and width and the dry weight determined. Prediction equations for the size-weight relat1onships were computed for the three …

The Distribution Of Submersed Hydrophytes In Currituck Sound, Steven Harry Davis

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

The rooted submergent flora of Currituck Sound, North Carolina was determined, and the distributions of its species investigated with respect to salinity, substrate texture, depth, pH, turbidity and species co-occurrence. Eight species of hydrophytes were found: Potamogeton pectinatus, Fotamogeton perfoliatus, Ruppia maritima, Zannichellia palustris, Najas guadalupensis, Elodea nuttallii, Vallisneria americana, and Myriophyllum spicatum. The mean salinities at which each species occurred ranged from 1.0 ppt for E. nuttallii to 3.1 ppt for Z. palustris, Ruppia maritima, Z palustris and V. americana were the only species that commonly occurred on coarse-grained substrates. Elodea nuttallii and N. guadalupensis …

Population Dynamics Of Microtus Ochrogaster In Eastern Kansas, Michael S. Gaines, Robert K. Rose

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Four eastern Kansas populations of the prairie vole, Microtus ochrogaster were live trapped from 1970—73 to gain insight into the population regulation of this species. All four populations exhibited a 2—yr cycle in numbers with peak densities generally occurring in June 1972. Peak densities were followed by a decline in numbers, a recovery, and a population crash in spring 1973. Reproductive parameters changed dramatically as density rose and fell. The summer breeding season in the crash year of 1973 was shortened by at least 3 mo. A reduction in breeding activity occurred during the summer of every year of the …

Seasonal Distribution Of Higher Marine And Aquatic Fungi In The Back Bay National Wildlife Refuge, Scott Schatz

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

Abstract unavailable.