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Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Relationship Between Stroking Parameters And Leg Movement Quantity In 100 Metre Front, Andrew Sortwell
Relationship Between Stroking Parameters And Leg Movement Quantity In 100 Metre Front, Andrew Sortwell
International Journal of Exercise Science
The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between stroking technique parameters and leg kick quantity in 100 m front crawl swim. Ten New South Wales Sydney Metropolitan swimmers were examined (14.1 ± 1.09 years). The investigation was performed during 100 metre swimming (average speed 1.35 ± .04 [m.s-1]) commencing from water at 50 m outdoor pool. Stroke length (SL), Stroke rate (SR), Swim velocity (SV), Leg Kick Quantity (LKQ) were measured. Arm stroking parameters and LKQ were analysed during segment of the 100m distance. The relationship between SR and LKQ was negative. The correlation between stroke length …
Analysis Of Heel Raise Exercise With Three Foot Positions, Kimberly J. Arnsdorff, Ken Limbaugh, Bryan L. Riemann
Analysis Of Heel Raise Exercise With Three Foot Positions, Kimberly J. Arnsdorff, Ken Limbaugh, Bryan L. Riemann
International Journal of Exercise Science
ABSTRACT Prior research revealed activation differences between the medial (MG) and lateral (LG) gastrocnemius when performing heel raise exercise with neutral (N), internally-rotated (IR) and externally-rotated (ER) foot positions. Studying underlying biomechanics may help explain activation differences. The purpose was to compare ankle (AN), knee (KN), and hip (HI) contributions (initial joint angles) to attaining each initial foot position, ankle flexion-extension range of motion, ankle mechanical energy expenditure, repetition time, and percent cycle concentric-eccentric transition between N, IR, and ER foot positions. Twenty healthy subjects (11 male, 9 female) with resistance training experience performed twelve repetitions of free-weight (135% body …
Use Of Counter-Balanced Smith Machine Affects Performance Measurements For Rebound Bench Press Throws, Harsh Buddhadev, Anthony A. Duplanty, David W. Hill, Simon Driver, Noreen L. Goggin, Jakob L. Vingren
Use Of Counter-Balanced Smith Machine Affects Performance Measurements For Rebound Bench Press Throws, Harsh Buddhadev, Anthony A. Duplanty, David W. Hill, Simon Driver, Noreen L. Goggin, Jakob L. Vingren
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
Rebound bench presses throws (RBT), often performed on a Smith machine, are used for assessment and training of upper body power. During a RBT, the stretch-shortening cycle potentiates performance in the concentric movement. Smith machines frequently utilize a counter-balance weight to reduce the net load on the barbell; however, the use of counter-balance weight affects measures of performance for RBT. PURPOSE: To evaluate how the use of a counter-balanced Smith machine affects performance measures for RBT. METHODS: Performance measures for the no counter-balanced (NCB) and counter-balanced (CB) RBT were assessed for 24 men (age: 23 ± 3 years, height: 179 …
Effect Of Using A Counter-Balanced Smith Machine On Performance Measurements For Concentric-Only Bench Press Throws, Anthony A. Duplanty, Harsh Buddhadev, David W. Hill, Simon Driver, Noreen Goggin, Jakob Vingren
Effect Of Using A Counter-Balanced Smith Machine On Performance Measurements For Concentric-Only Bench Press Throws, Anthony A. Duplanty, Harsh Buddhadev, David W. Hill, Simon Driver, Noreen Goggin, Jakob Vingren
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
Bench press throws using a Smith machine are often used for assessment and training of upper body power. Concentric only bench press throws (CON-BT) provide important information on an individual’s ability to produce force from a static start. Smith machines often utilize a counter-balance weight system to reduce the net load on the barbell; however, it is not known how counter-balance weight affects measurements of performance during a CON-BT. PURPOSE: To examine the effect of a counter-balance weight on CON-BT performance measurements. METHODS: 24 men (age: 23 ± 3 years, height: 179 ± 6 cm, mass: 91 ± 17 kg, …
Neuromuscular Responses Of The Vastus Lateralis To Slow Walking With Vascular Restriction., Robert Cardenas, Charity Cavazos, Jose A. Leal Jr., Yoshiaki Sato, Michael G. Bemben, Murat Karabulut
Neuromuscular Responses Of The Vastus Lateralis To Slow Walking With Vascular Restriction., Robert Cardenas, Charity Cavazos, Jose A. Leal Jr., Yoshiaki Sato, Michael G. Bemben, Murat Karabulut
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
Motor unit recruitment of individual muscles could substantially differ with changes in speed and load. However, the recruitment patterns associated with low intensity walk training with vascular restriction at sustained loads and constant speed could be different than normal walking. Vascular restricted (VR) walk training is an effective method for increasing muscular strength; however the changes in motor unit recruitment and firing frequency have not been investigated to understand the mechanisms underlying the neuromuscular adaptations. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze differences in electrical activity of the vastus lateralis during VR and non vascular restricted (non-VR) walking …
Effects Of Acl Reconstruction Surgery On Vertical Jump, Grayson R. Lewis, Megan Hardy, Jessica Odom
Effects Of Acl Reconstruction Surgery On Vertical Jump, Grayson R. Lewis, Megan Hardy, Jessica Odom
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are one of the most common injuries involving lower extremities among athletes. Due to the severity of the injury and the invasive procedure in reconstructing the ligament, ACL injuries can have a significant impact on muscular strength, flexibility, and endurance. The purpose of this study was to examine differences in ground reaction force (GRF) between lower extremities of subjects who have undergone unilateral ACL reconstructive surgery. Of particular interest is the subjects’ predisposal to future injuries resulting from significant disparities of produced forces between lower extremities and, consequently, the resulting disruption of the body’s kinetic …
A Comparison Of Hypertrophy Potential Between The Vastus Lateralis And Rectus Femoris During Level Walking In Combination With Vascular Restriction., Jose A. Leal Jr., Charity Cavazos, Robert Cardenas, Yoshiaki Sato, Bemben G. Michael, Murat Karabulut
A Comparison Of Hypertrophy Potential Between The Vastus Lateralis And Rectus Femoris During Level Walking In Combination With Vascular Restriction., Jose A. Leal Jr., Charity Cavazos, Robert Cardenas, Yoshiaki Sato, Bemben G. Michael, Murat Karabulut
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
Recent research has found that by compressing blood flow to working muscle during lower body exercise involving short bouts of walk training results in an increased muscle volume and improved quadriceps strength. However, the effects of vascular restriction (VR) during walking on neuromuscular adaptations as assessed by electromyography (EMG) activity may provide insight on how low intensity training with vascular restriction can be applied to various modes of exercise. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to explore and compare muscle activation changes of the quadriceps muscles during walking using EMG with and without blood flow restriction. METHODS: EMG electrodes …
An Investigation Of Lower-Extremity Functional Asymmetry For Non-Preferred Able-Bodied Walking Speeds, John Rice, Matthew K. Seeley
An Investigation Of Lower-Extremity Functional Asymmetry For Non-Preferred Able-Bodied Walking Speeds, John Rice, Matthew K. Seeley
International Journal of Exercise Science
Functional asymmetry is an idea that is often used to explain documented bilateral asymmetries during able-bodied gait. Within this context, this idea suggests that the non-dominant and dominant legs, considered as whole entities, contribute asymmetrically to support and propulsion during walking. The degree of functional asymmetry may depend upon walking speed. The purpose of this study was to better understand a potential relationship between functional asymmetry and walking speed. We measured bilateral ground reaction forces (GRF) for 20 healthy subjects who walked at nine different speeds: preferred, +10%, +20%, +30%, +40%, -10%, -20%, -30%, and -40%. Contribution to support was …
Concurrent Visual Feedback, Practice Organization, And Spatial Aiming Accuracy In Rapid Movement Sequences, David E. Sherwood‡, Brian Duffell*
Concurrent Visual Feedback, Practice Organization, And Spatial Aiming Accuracy In Rapid Movement Sequences, David E. Sherwood‡, Brian Duffell*
International Journal of Exercise Science
Int J Exerc Sci 3(2) : 78-91, 2010. While the availability of visual feedback is a well-known factor influencing the accuracy of rapid aiming movements, little is known about how vision might interact with a contextual variable like practice organization. In the current study, the interaction of concurrent visual feedback (CVF) and practice organization on aiming movement accuracy was investigated in the dominant limb of 40 college-aged participants. Participants performed “triplets” of rapid aiming movements with a lightweight lever in the sagittal plane involving short (20°), medium (40°), long (60°) distances and were randomly assigned to one of four groups …
Asymmetry Of Force Fluctuation During Low Intensity Isometric Contraction In Leg Muscle, Kazushige Oshita†, Sumio Yano‡
Asymmetry Of Force Fluctuation During Low Intensity Isometric Contraction In Leg Muscle, Kazushige Oshita†, Sumio Yano‡
International Journal of Exercise Science
Int J Exerc Sci 3(2) : 68-77, 2010. The purpose of this study was to investigate the asymmetry of force fluctuation in the leg muscles during isometric knee extension and flexion. Twenty healthy males (21±2 years) performed the maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVC) in knee extensor and flexor. On the basis of MVC measurement, the subjects performed sustained isometric knee extension and flexion for 15s at levels corresponding to 10%, 20% and 30% MVC. The main findings of this study were: (1) a greater force fluctuation was found in the stronger MVC limb than in the weaker MVC limb at …
The Effects Of 2 Different Arm Positions On Maximum Trunk Flexion In The Bodyweight Squat, A. Page Glave, Jacilyn Olson, Danika K. Applegate, Ro Di Brezzo
The Effects Of 2 Different Arm Positions On Maximum Trunk Flexion In The Bodyweight Squat, A. Page Glave, Jacilyn Olson, Danika K. Applegate, Ro Di Brezzo
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
No abstract provided.
Relationship Of Rate Of Loading In Overground And Treadmill Gait, Cameron E. Sheid, Jody L. Riskowski, Huiying Yu
Relationship Of Rate Of Loading In Overground And Treadmill Gait, Cameron E. Sheid, Jody L. Riskowski, Huiying Yu
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
No abstract provided.
Effects Of Surface Depth And Compaction On Impact Deceleration Of Dirt And Synthetic Surface Materials For Equine Racetracks, Akihiro Yamaguchi, Jacob J. Setterbo, Mont Hubbard, Shrinivasa K. Upadhyaya, Susan M. Stover
Effects Of Surface Depth And Compaction On Impact Deceleration Of Dirt And Synthetic Surface Materials For Equine Racetracks, Akihiro Yamaguchi, Jacob J. Setterbo, Mont Hubbard, Shrinivasa K. Upadhyaya, Susan M. Stover
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
Abstract is attached.
Validity Of Two Dimensional Vicon Motus Software At Varying Camera Angles, Dayanand Kiran, Mary Carlson, Daniel Medrano Jr., Darla R. Smith
Validity Of Two Dimensional Vicon Motus Software At Varying Camera Angles, Dayanand Kiran, Mary Carlson, Daniel Medrano Jr., Darla R. Smith
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
No abstract provided.
Model Predicting Shoulder Distraction Force During Baseball Pitching, David W. Keeley, Gretchen D. Oliver
Model Predicting Shoulder Distraction Force During Baseball Pitching, David W. Keeley, Gretchen D. Oliver
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
No abstract provided.
Daily Knee Joint Laxity In Females Across A Menstrual Cycle And Males Across A Calendar Month, Daniel Medrano Jr., Darla R. Smith, Dayanand Kiran, Mary E. Carlson
Daily Knee Joint Laxity In Females Across A Menstrual Cycle And Males Across A Calendar Month, Daniel Medrano Jr., Darla R. Smith, Dayanand Kiran, Mary E. Carlson
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
No abstract provided.
The Effect Of Target Height On The Trunk, Pelvis, And Thigh Kinematics In The Taekwondo Roundhouse Kick, Jae-Woong Kim, Je-Min Kim, Sang-Woo Lee, Ki-Hoon Han, Young-Hoo Kwon
The Effect Of Target Height On The Trunk, Pelvis, And Thigh Kinematics In The Taekwondo Roundhouse Kick, Jae-Woong Kim, Je-Min Kim, Sang-Woo Lee, Ki-Hoon Han, Young-Hoo Kwon
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
No abstract provided.
Locomotive Biomechanics Wearing A Simulated Portable Life Support System During Varying Cognitive And Treadmill Grade Conditions, Brittany K. Sanchez, William E. Amonette
Locomotive Biomechanics Wearing A Simulated Portable Life Support System During Varying Cognitive And Treadmill Grade Conditions, Brittany K. Sanchez, William E. Amonette
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
Background: The Portable Life Support System (PLSS) worn by astronauts during Extravehicular Activity (EVA) is contained within a backpack. Due to the inherent mass of the PLSS, astronaut center of mass (COM) is altered during ambulation. Recent studies from our laboratory suggest shifts in the COM of the PLSS have minimal effects on exercising metabolism, although differences were observed in trunk angles during ambulation. During EVA, astronauts continuously perform cognitive tasks (CG). Due to the distractive nature of these tasks, safety may be compromised by altered biomechanics. Purpose: To quantify lower extremity kinematics while walking with a simulated PLSS at …
Identifying Central Patterns Of Motor Control In Pathological Gait, John S. Ward
Identifying Central Patterns Of Motor Control In Pathological Gait, John S. Ward
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
Introduction: The central pattern generator (CPG) for walking is an open loop system that drives lower limb movements in a relatively rhythmic fashion once motion has started with minimal need for additional afferent input. The role of the CPG in the pathological gait of Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury (ISCI) and Parkinson’s Disease (PD) has not been studied thoroughly. Understanding how the CPG contributes to motor control in these special populations will serve as a standard upon which to compare new treatments to improve gait function. The purpose of this study was to identify the expression of CPG patterns in individuals …
A Comparison Of Three Computer-Based Methods Used To Determine Emg Signal Amplitude, Doug Renshaw*, Matthew R. Bice†, Camille Cassidy‡, James A. Eldridge‡, Douglas W. Powell‡
A Comparison Of Three Computer-Based Methods Used To Determine Emg Signal Amplitude, Doug Renshaw*, Matthew R. Bice†, Camille Cassidy‡, James A. Eldridge‡, Douglas W. Powell‡
International Journal of Exercise Science
Electromyography is a commonly used method to determine relative effort and neuromuscular drive to skeletal muscle. A limitation of the interpretation of EMG within the literature is the many methods used to determine the intensity of muscle activation. In the current study, ten healthy young adults performed a level walking task while EMG was recorded from the tibialis anterior, medial gastrocnemius and fibularis longus. The EMG data were rectified and smoothed using the root mean squared (RMS). Peak RMS (pRMS), mean RMS (mRMS) and integrated EMG (iEMG) were normalized to the peak value within the subject and were used to …
Determination Of Force Corresponding To Maximal Lactate Steady State In Tethered Swimming, Marcelo Papoti‡, Ricardo Vitório†, Sérgio A. Cunha†, Gustavo G. Araújo†, Adelino S.R. Silva‡, Vanessa Santhiago‡, Luiz E.B. Martins‡, Claudio A. Gobatto‡
Determination Of Force Corresponding To Maximal Lactate Steady State In Tethered Swimming, Marcelo Papoti‡, Ricardo Vitório†, Sérgio A. Cunha†, Gustavo G. Araújo†, Adelino S.R. Silva‡, Vanessa Santhiago‡, Luiz E.B. Martins‡, Claudio A. Gobatto‡
International Journal of Exercise Science
The main aim of the present investigation was to verify if the aerobic capacity (AC) measured in tethered swimming corresponds to the maximal lactate steady state (MLSS) and its correlation with 30 min and 400m free style swimming. Twenty-five swimmers were submitted to an incremental tethered swimming test (ITS) with an initial load of 20N and increments of 10N each 3min. After each stage of 3min, the athletes had 30s of interval to blood sample collections that were used to measure blood lactate concentrations ([La-]). The ACBI was determined by the abrupt increase in [La-] versus force (F). The points …
The Short-Term Effect Of Whole Body Vibration Training On Sprint Start In Collegiate Athletes, Brad Roberts*, Iain Hunter‡, Ty Hopkins‡, Brent Feland‡
The Short-Term Effect Of Whole Body Vibration Training On Sprint Start In Collegiate Athletes, Brad Roberts*, Iain Hunter‡, Ty Hopkins‡, Brent Feland‡
International Journal of Exercise Science
Whole body vibration (WBV) is characterized by a vibratory stimulus emitted throughout the body through the use of a vibrating platform on which the subject stands. Studies have shown over 30% increases in maximal explosive strength such as maximal speed biceps curl as well as increases in maximum dynamic force such as maximal sitting bench pull as the result of vibration. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of short term whole-body vibration on sprint starts among collegiate track athletes. On the first day eleven subjects were randomly assigned to either a non-vibration or vibration group for …
A Kinematic And Kinetic Case Study Of A Netball Shoulder Pass, Sharon A. Hetherington*, Sibella G. King*, Denis Visentin‡, Marie-Louise Bird‡
A Kinematic And Kinetic Case Study Of A Netball Shoulder Pass, Sharon A. Hetherington*, Sibella G. King*, Denis Visentin‡, Marie-Louise Bird‡
International Journal of Exercise Science
The majority of studies analysing netball skills using force platforms have focused on reducing the risk of injury from compression and torsion forces on the knee and ankle joints during landing and pivoting. In this preliminary case study our aim was to investigate the efficacy of a combination of tools to describe the kinematic and kinetic mechanisms underlying the netball shoulder pass. The segmental movements of the netball shoulder pass were analysed from video and force platform data in order to develop a suitable methodology for use in a larger study. Peak vertical ground reaction force of 850 N was …
The Effects Of Tempur Insoles On Ground Reaction Forces And Loading Rates In Running, Crystal Ruano*, Douglas Powell‡, Elizabeth T. Chalambaga*, Doug Renshaw*
The Effects Of Tempur Insoles On Ground Reaction Forces And Loading Rates In Running, Crystal Ruano*, Douglas Powell‡, Elizabeth T. Chalambaga*, Doug Renshaw*
International Journal of Exercise Science
Runners often experience over-use injuries. Ground reaction force (GRFs) patterns have been associated with these over-use injuries; however, it is not solely the magnitude of GRFs, but also the rate at which they are applied that lead to lower extremity injury. Many recreational runners will use over-the-counter insoles as a method of treating or preventing injury. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy of two insoles on peak GRFs and loading rates. It was hypothesized that no differences in peak GRFs or loading rates would exist with the addition of two insoles during running. Twelve subjects …
Power Training: Can It Improve Functional Performance In Older Adults? A Systematic Review, John Rice†, Justin Keogh‡
Power Training: Can It Improve Functional Performance In Older Adults? A Systematic Review, John Rice†, Justin Keogh‡
International Journal of Exercise Science
Older adults’ reduced performance in functional activities of daily living (ADL) such as gait, sit to stand or stair climbing may reflect age-related declines in muscular power more so than strength. Therefore, this review was conducted to determine if power training is effective in improving the functional ability of older adults, and if so, if it was more effective than strength training. The review was performed using Medline (PubMed), CINAHL, Sports Discus, ProQuest 5000 International and Google Scholar with the keywords “power training”, “older adult” and “elder” and all derivatives. Of the 12 eligible studies identified, nine also included a …
Exercise Bouts At Three Different Intensities Fail To Potentiate Concentric Power, Chad A. Cabrera†, Jacobo Morales‡, Felicia Greer‡, Robert W. Pettitt‡
Exercise Bouts At Three Different Intensities Fail To Potentiate Concentric Power, Chad A. Cabrera†, Jacobo Morales‡, Felicia Greer‡, Robert W. Pettitt‡
International Journal of Exercise Science
Postactivation potentiation (PAP) has been hypothesized previously to occur during voluntary, concentric actions. We tested the hypothesis that one of at least three different intensities of conditioning exercises would evoke potentiation of power during the concentric, bench press throw (BPT). Twelve men (age = 22.9 &#; 2.7 years, bench press 1 repetition maximum (1RM) = 1.20 ± 0.12 kg•kg-1 body weight) completed five isotonic conditioning presses at ~55, 70, and 86% 1RM, in counterbalanced order, and on separate days. Average and peak power of the BPT using a load of 55% 1RM along with surface electromyography (EMG) of the triceps …
Impact Of Seated And Standing Bicycle Riding Position On Subsequent Running Performance, Randall L. Jensen‡, Brendon J. Ewers†, Brian Cunniffe*, Brian Phelan*, Andrew J. Harrison‡, Amir Shafat‡
Impact Of Seated And Standing Bicycle Riding Position On Subsequent Running Performance, Randall L. Jensen‡, Brendon J. Ewers†, Brian Cunniffe*, Brian Phelan*, Andrew J. Harrison‡, Amir Shafat‡
International Journal of Exercise Science
This study examined the effects of cycling posture on subsequent running performance similar to the transition phase of a triathlon. Experienced, non-elite triathletes completed two trials of a cycle-run transition. During the last three minutes of a 30 minute cycling bout, at power output equal to lactate threshold, subjects either remained seated (SEAT), or alternated seated and standing cycling (30 s at a time; ALT). Heart rate, RPE, minimum and maximum knee angle, stride frequency and length, and onset and duration of quadriceps and hamstrings activity were obtained at the end of a three-minute control run and at minutes 0, …
Do The Principles Of Motor Program Editing Apply To Longer Sequences Of Rapid Aiming Movements? Part Ii, Eric J. Wilson*, David E. Sherwood‡
Do The Principles Of Motor Program Editing Apply To Longer Sequences Of Rapid Aiming Movements? Part Ii, Eric J. Wilson*, David E. Sherwood‡
International Journal of Exercise Science
In Part I of this study, it was shown that performing a shorter distance aiming movement prior to a longer distance aiming movement resulted in overshooting of the short movement and undershooting of the longer movement compared to control conditions. However, the finding was limited, unexpectedly, to the nondominant hand. To replicate the prior result and to determine the effect of practice organization on movement accuracy, right-handed (n =24) participants (aged 18-22) produced a sequence of three rapid lever reversals combining short (20°) and long (60°) movements with an intermovement interval of 2.5 s with the dominant hand. Greater overshooting …
Do The Principles Of Motor Program Editing Apply To Longer Sequences Of Rapid Aiming Movements? Part I, Eric J. Wilson, David E. Sherwood
Do The Principles Of Motor Program Editing Apply To Longer Sequences Of Rapid Aiming Movements? Part I, Eric J. Wilson, David E. Sherwood
International Journal of Exercise Science
Prior work had shown that performing a shorter distance aiming movement prior to a longer distance aiming movement resulted in overshooting of the short movement and undershooting of the longer movement compared to repetition of the same movement. The main question was whether the same interference effects would be found in a three-movement sequence. Right-handed (N = 24) participants (aged 18-22) produced a sequence of two or three bimanual rapid lever reversals combining short (20°) and long (60°) movements with an intermovement interval of 2.5 s beginning with either the dominant or nondominant hand. Participants overshot the short target and …