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Other Animal Sciences

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

2009

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Articles 31 - 60 of 60

Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences

Effects Of Porcine Circovirus Type 2 And Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae Vaccination Strategy, Birth Weight, And Gender On Postweaning Performance Of Growing-Finishing Pigs Reared In A Commercial Environment (2009), J R. Bergstrom, M L. Potter, Steven C. Henry, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, Robert D. Goodband, Joel M. Derouchey, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2009

Effects Of Porcine Circovirus Type 2 And Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae Vaccination Strategy, Birth Weight, And Gender On Postweaning Performance Of Growing-Finishing Pigs Reared In A Commercial Environment (2009), J R. Bergstrom, M L. Potter, Steven C. Henry, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, Robert D. Goodband, Joel M. Derouchey, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 1,995 pigs were used to evaluate the effects of two porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mhyo) vaccination strategies and birth weight on pig performance and carcass characteristics. The first vaccination strategy (BI) was a single full dose of CircoFLEX-MycoFLEX (Boehringer Ingelheim, St. Joseph, MO) at weaning. The second strategy (Intervet) was a full dose of Circumvent and MYCOSILENCER (Intervet/Schering-Plough Animal Health, Millsboro, DE) at weaning and again 22 d later. At a commercial sow farm, all pigs born alive for 22 consecutive days were identified individually at birth with a numbered ear tag. The …

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Efficacy Of Different Commercial Phytase Sources And Development Of A Phosphorus Release Curve (2009), C K. Jones, B W. Ratliff, N L. Horn, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Joel M. Derouchey, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2009

Efficacy Of Different Commercial Phytase Sources And Development Of A Phosphorus Release Curve (2009), C K. Jones, B W. Ratliff, N L. Horn, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Joel M. Derouchey, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two experiments used 184 pigs (PIC, 22.7 and 21.3 lb BW, respectively) to develop an available P (aP) release curve for commercial phytase products. In Exp. 1 and 2, pigs were fed a basal diet (0.06% aP) and 2 levels of added aP from inorganic P (monocalcium P) to develop a standard curve. In Exp. 1, 100, 175, 250, or 500 phytase units (FTU)/kg OptiPhos (Enzyvia LLC, Sheridan, IN) or 200, 350, 500 or 1,000 FTU/kg Phyzyme XP (Danisco Animal Nutrition, Marlborough, UK) was added to the basal diet. In Exp. 2, 250, 500, 750, or 1,000 FTU/kg OptiPhos; 500, …

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Effects Of Increasing Hominy Feed In Diets On Finishing Pig Performance (2009), M L. Potter, J Y. Jacela, Michael D. Tokach, Joel M. Derouchey, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2009

Effects Of Increasing Hominy Feed In Diets On Finishing Pig Performance (2009), M L. Potter, J Y. Jacela, Michael D. Tokach, Joel M. Derouchey, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 1,035 finishing pigs (initially 79.4 lb) were used in an 84-d growth trial to evaluate the effects of increasing hominy feed on finishing pig growth performance. Pens of pigs were blocked by average initial pig BW and randomly allotted to 1 of 4 dietary treatments (10 pens per treatment) with initial weights balanced across the treatment groups. Treatments were increasing levels (0%, 12.5%, 25%, and 37.5%) of corn hominy feed added to a corn-soybean meal-based diet. All treatment diets were fed in 4 phases, and hominy feed inclusion was constant among phases. Increasing hominy feed resulted in …

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Economic Impact Of Removing Pigs Before Marketing On The Remaining Pigs’ Growth Performance (2009), J Y. Jacela, Michael D. Tokach, Joel M. Derouchey, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2009

Economic Impact Of Removing Pigs Before Marketing On The Remaining Pigs’ Growth Performance (2009), J Y. Jacela, Michael D. Tokach, Joel M. Derouchey, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The economic impact of removing the heaviest pigs (topping) before marketing a finishing group and the effect of topping on performance of the remaining pigs were determined in 2 studies. In Exp. 1, a total of 1,126 pigs (BW = 241 lb; 25 pigs/pen) were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatments: topping 0, 2, or 4 pigs/pen 15 d before marketing the remaining pigs in the group. After topping, floor space per pig was 7.2, 7.8, and 8.6 ft2 for pens with 0, 2, and 4 pigs topped per pen, respectively. Overall (d 0 to 15), increasing the number …

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Feed Additives For Swine: Fact Sheets – Acidifiers And Antibiotics (2009), J Y. Jacela, Joel M. Derouchey, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, David G. Renter, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2009

Feed Additives For Swine: Fact Sheets – Acidifiers And Antibiotics (2009), J Y. Jacela, Joel M. Derouchey, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, David G. Renter, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Feed additives are non-nutritive products used in swine diets to improve production efficiency and performance. If chosen carefully and used properly, feed additives can be effective and can help increase the profi tability of pig production. Not all feed additives are the same or provide a benefi cial response and, therefore, choosing a product will depend on the farm's specific situation and needs. This series of fact sheets includes some of the major classifications of products used as feed additives. Every effort has been made to ensure that all the information in every fact sheet is current and based on …

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Effects Of Copper Sulfate And Zinc Oxide On Weanling Pig Growth And Plasma Mineral Levels (2009), N W. Shelton, Michael D. Tokach, Joel M. Derouchey, G M. Hill, R G. Amachawadi, Tiruvoor G. Nagaraja, Jim L. Nelssen, Robert D. Goodband, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2009

Effects Of Copper Sulfate And Zinc Oxide On Weanling Pig Growth And Plasma Mineral Levels (2009), N W. Shelton, Michael D. Tokach, Joel M. Derouchey, G M. Hill, R G. Amachawadi, Tiruvoor G. Nagaraja, Jim L. Nelssen, Robert D. Goodband, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 216 weanling pigs (PIC TR4 × 1050, initially 13.6 lb and 21 d of age) were used in a 42-d growth trial to compare the effects of supplemental zinc and copper and changing mineral regimens on growth performance and plasma mineral levels. The 6 dietary treatments included a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with main effects of added copper from copper sulfate (0 or 125 ppm) and added zinc from zinc oxide (0 or 3,000 ppm from d 0 to 14 and 0 or 2,000 ppm from d 14 to 42). For the final 2 treatments, either …

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The Combination Of Implanting With Revalor-200 And Feeding Zilmax Increases Ribeye Area Of Fed Cows (2009), S. Neill, T.T. Marston, James J. Higgins, John A. Unruh, John R. Jaeger Jan 2009

The Combination Of Implanting With Revalor-200 And Feeding Zilmax Increases Ribeye Area Of Fed Cows (2009), S. Neill, T.T. Marston, James J. Higgins, John A. Unruh, John R. Jaeger

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Mature cows are typically removed from the cow herd for various reasons, such as reproductive inefficiency and poor performance. It has been estimated that as much as 15 to 25% of a ranch's revenue may be from cull cows. When cows are culled from the herd, they are normally in thin condition and potentially can be fed to gain weight and increase income. Previous studies indicate that feeding a high-energy diet and implanting cull cows can improve performance and increase meat yield. Zilmax (zilpaterol hydrochloride; Intervet Inc., Millsboro, DE) is a β-adrenergic agonist approved as a growth promotant in feedlot …

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Effect Of A Commercial Enzyme (Nutrase) On Growth Performance Of Growing Pigs Fed Diets Containing Dried Distillers Grains With Solubles (2009), J Y. Jacela, Joel M. Derouchey, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2009

Effect Of A Commercial Enzyme (Nutrase) On Growth Performance Of Growing Pigs Fed Diets Containing Dried Distillers Grains With Solubles (2009), J Y. Jacela, Joel M. Derouchey, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 1,076 pigs (PIC 337 × C22, initially 87.4 lb) were used to determine the effect of a commercial enzyme product on the growth performance of pig fed diets containing dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS). Pigs were randomly allotted to 1 of 3 treatments balanced by average initial BW within gender. There were 13 replicate pens (7 barrow and 6 gilt pens) per treatment. Treatments included: (1) diet with 3% added fat (control); (2) diet supplemented with enzyme with only 2% added fat but formulated to have an energy content equal to that of the control diet …

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Sensory Characteristics Of Loins From Pigs Fed Glycerol And Ractopamine Hcl During The Last 28 Days Of Finishing (2009), A W. Duttlinger, Terry A. Houser, Michael D. Tokach, Steven S. Dritz, K J. Prusa, L Huskey, Joel M. Derouchey, Jim L. Nelssen, Robert D. Goodband Jan 2009

Sensory Characteristics Of Loins From Pigs Fed Glycerol And Ractopamine Hcl During The Last 28 Days Of Finishing (2009), A W. Duttlinger, Terry A. Houser, Michael D. Tokach, Steven S. Dritz, K J. Prusa, L Huskey, Joel M. Derouchey, Jim L. Nelssen, Robert D. Goodband

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Sensory characteristics were evaluated on a total of 80 loins from pigs fed diets containing glycerol, ractopamine HCl (RAC), and a combination of glycerol and RAC during the last 28 d prior to harvest. A total of 1,054 pigs were blocked by weight and randomly allotted to 1 of 4 dietary treatments with 10 replications per treatment. Pigs were fed corn-soybean meal-based diets. Dietary treatments were arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial design with main effects of glycerol (0% or 5%) and RAC (0 or 6.75 g/ton). Pork loins from 1 randomly selected barrow and gilt from each pen …

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Evaluation Of Pep2 In Nursery Pig Diets (2009), A J. Myers, N W. Shelton, G Papadopoulos, D Mckilligan, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Joel M. Derouchey, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2009

Evaluation Of Pep2 In Nursery Pig Diets (2009), A J. Myers, N W. Shelton, G Papadopoulos, D Mckilligan, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Joel M. Derouchey, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 300 nursery pigs (PIC 327 × 1050, initially 12.0 lb and 21 d of age) were used in a 25-d study to determine the effects of PEP2 (proteins enzymatically processed) on growth performance of weaned pigs. PEP2 is a combination of refined porcine intestinal mucosa co-dried with enzymatically processed vegetable protein. There were 5 dietary treatments: (1) negative control containing no specialty protein sources, (2) positive control containing 4% spray-dried animal plasma (SDAP) in Phase 1 and 4% select menhaden fish meal in Phase 2, (3) 4% PEP2, (4) 8% PEP2, and (5) 12% PEP2. All diets …

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A Meta-Analysis Of Supplemental Enzyme Studies In Growing-Finishing Pigs Fed Diets Containing Dried Distillers Grains With Solubles: Effects On Growth Performance (2009), J Y. Jacela, Joel M. Derouchey, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2009

A Meta-Analysis Of Supplemental Enzyme Studies In Growing-Finishing Pigs Fed Diets Containing Dried Distillers Grains With Solubles: Effects On Growth Performance (2009), J Y. Jacela, Joel M. Derouchey, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A meta-analysis of 4 experiments involving 4,506 pigs was conducted to determine the effects of several commercial enzymes on the growth performance of growing-finishing pigs fed various amounts of dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS). Experiments 1 and 2 used corn-soybean meal-based diets with 15% DDGS. A β-mannanase enzyme (Hemicell; ChemGen Corp., Gaithersburg, MD) was used in enzyme treatments in Exp. 1, and a blend of enzymes that had β-glucanase, cellulase, and protease activities (Agri-king REAP; Agri-King, Inc., Fulton, IL) was used in Exp. 2. In Exp. 3, diets containing 45% and 60% DDGS were fed with or without 2 …

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An Evaluation Of Peptone As A Specialty Protein Source In Diets For Nursery Pigs (2009), C K. Jones, D Mckilligan, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Joel M. Derouchey, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2009

An Evaluation Of Peptone As A Specialty Protein Source In Diets For Nursery Pigs (2009), C K. Jones, D Mckilligan, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Joel M. Derouchey, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of select menhaden fish meal (SMFM), spray-dried animal plasma (SDAP), and two forms of a spray-dried ultra-filtrated porcine intestinal mucosa (Peptone 1 and 2; Protein Resources, West Bend, IA) on nursery pig performance. In Exp. 1, 216 weanling pigs (initial BW 11.9 lb) were fed either (1) a control diet containing no specialty protein sources or the control diet with (2) 4% SMFM during Phase 1 and 2% SMFM during Phase 2, (3) 4% SDAP during Phase 1 and no specialty protein sources during Phase 2, (4) 4% SDAP during Phase 1 …

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Effects Of Feeder Design, Gender, And Dietary Concentration Of Dried Distillers Grains With Solubles On The Growth Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Growing-Finishing Pigs (2009), J R. Bergstrom, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, Joel M. Derouchey, Robert D. Goodband, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2009

Effects Of Feeder Design, Gender, And Dietary Concentration Of Dried Distillers Grains With Solubles On The Growth Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Growing-Finishing Pigs (2009), J R. Bergstrom, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, Joel M. Derouchey, Robert D. Goodband, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A 2 × 2 × 2 factorial experiment was conducted to evaluate the interactive effects of feeder design (conventional dry vs. wet-dry feeder), gender (barrow vs. gilt), and dietary concentration of dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS; 20% vs. 60%) on finishing pig performance. A total of 1,080 pigs (PIC 337 × 1050) were used in the 99-d experiment. Pigs were sorted by gender (barrows and gilts) into groups of 27, weighed (77.4 lb initial BW), allotted to pens containing 1 of the 2 feeder types, and assigned to a corn-soybean meal-DDGS-based feeding program of either 20% or 60% DDGS. …

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Effects Of Experimental Design And Its Role In Interpretation Of Results (2009), N W. Shelton, Michael D. Tokach, Joel M. Derouchey, Leigh W. Murray, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2009

Effects Of Experimental Design And Its Role In Interpretation Of Results (2009), N W. Shelton, Michael D. Tokach, Joel M. Derouchey, Leigh W. Murray, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 256 weanling pigs (PIC TR4 × 1050, initially 13.8 lb and 21 d of age) were used in a 28-d growth trial to compare allotment methods of a completely randomized design (CRD) and a randomized complete block design (RCBD). Two treatments were used to compare these designs: a negative control with no antibiotic or growth promoter and a positive control with 35 g/ton of Denagard (Novartis Animal Health), 400 g/ton of chlortetracycline, and zinc from zinc oxide at 3,000 and 2,000 ppm in Phases 1 and 2, respectively. Experimental diets were fed in 2 phases: Phase 1 …

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Effects Of Creep Diet Complexity On Individual Consumption Characteristics And Growth Performance Of Neonatal And Weanling Pigs (2009), R C. Sulabo, J R. Bergstrom, Michael D. Tokach, Joel M. Derouchey, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2009

Effects Of Creep Diet Complexity On Individual Consumption Characteristics And Growth Performance Of Neonatal And Weanling Pigs (2009), R C. Sulabo, J R. Bergstrom, Michael D. Tokach, Joel M. Derouchey, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

In Exp. 1, 96 sows (PIC C29) and their litters were used to determine the effects of creep diet complexity on preweaning performance and the proportion of piglets consuming creep feed. The experimental treatments were: (1) no creep feed (n = 26), (2) simple creep diet (n = 26), and (3) complex creep diet (n = 44). Pigs fed the complex creep diet had greater (P<0.03) ADG and tended to have greater (P<0.06) total gain than pigs fed the simple creep diet, with no creep pigs intermediate. Litters fed the complex creep diet consumed twice the total (2.73 vs. 1.37 lb; P<0.0006) and daily (0.91 vs. 0.45 lb; P<0.0006) creep feed intake of litters fed the simple creep diet. The high-complexity creep diet improved (P<0.0001) the proportion of eaters from 28% to 68%. A greater (P<0.10) proportion of eaters were nursing in the middle and posterior teats (57% and 52%, respectively) than in the anterior teats (38%). In Exp. 2, 675 pigs from Exp. 1 (initial BW 14.1 lb and 21.2 ± 0.2 d) were used to determine whether social facilitation occurs between eaters and non-eaters in commercial nursery groups. The treatments were: non-eater group (pigs that were not provided any creep feed or non-eaters of creep feed), eater group (pigs that positively consumed creep feed), and mix group (pigs that were 51% non-eaters and 49% eaters). Each treatment had 25 pigs per pen and 9 replications (pens). In the initial 3 d postweaning, eaters had greater (P<0.01) ADG and (P<0.002) ADFI than non-eaters, with the mix group being intermediate. Overall ADG of the eater group was 6.2% higher (P<0.05) than that of the non-eater group. For social facilitation to occur, weight gains of non-eaters in the mix pens should be either (1) closer to the weight gains of eaters in the mix pen or (2) greater than the weight gains of the non-eater group. Results showed that non-eaters within the mix pens failed both criteria. In conclusion, the high-complexity creep diet improved preweaning ADG, litter creep feed intake, and the proportion of eaters. Eaters had improved postweaning feed intake, daily gains, and weight uniformity and reduced postweaning lag. Mixing eaters with non-eaters within pens in large commercial groups did not stimulate feed intake and daily gains of non-eaters, which indicates that social facilitation did not occur.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 19, 2009

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Effects Of Feeding Varied Levels Of Balanced Protein On Growth Performance And Carcass Composition Of Growing And Finishing Pigs (2009), N W. Shelton, J K. Htoo, M Redshaw, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, Joel M. Derouchey, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2009

Effects Of Feeding Varied Levels Of Balanced Protein On Growth Performance And Carcass Composition Of Growing And Finishing Pigs (2009), N W. Shelton, J K. Htoo, M Redshaw, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, Joel M. Derouchey, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 1,003 barrows and gilts (PIC 337 × 1050, initially 113.5 lb) were used in an 88-d study to determine effects of various levels of balanced amino acid density on growth performance and carcass characteristics. Balanced amino acid refers to balancing the dietary amino acids according to the ideal protein ratio, at least for the first 4 limiting amino acids; the other amino acids may be at or higher than required levels. In this study, this balance was accomplished by using supplemental amino acids and formulating to meet the first 4 limiting amino acids: lysine, threonine, methionine, and …

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Effect Of Dried Distillers Grains With Solubles Withdrawal Regimens On Finishing Pig Performance And Carcass Characteristics (2009), J Y. Jacela, J M. Benz, K J. Prusa, Michael D. Tokach, Joel M. Derouchey, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2009

Effect Of Dried Distillers Grains With Solubles Withdrawal Regimens On Finishing Pig Performance And Carcass Characteristics (2009), J Y. Jacela, J M. Benz, K J. Prusa, Michael D. Tokach, Joel M. Derouchey, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 962 pigs (PIC L337 × 1050, initial BW = 86.1 lb) were used to determine the effect of dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) withdrawal regimens on growth performance and carcass traits. Pigs were randomly assigned to 1 of 6 treatments (6 pens per treatment) balanced by average BW within gender. Treatments were: (1) a corn-soybean meal-based diet without DDGS fed for 89 d (control), (2) 30% DDGS fed from d 0 to 48 and 0% DDGS fed from d 48 to 89, (3) 30% DDGS fed from d 0 to 69 and 0% DDGS fed from …

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Effects Of An Enzyme Blend (Livestock Answer) In Diets Containing Dried Distillers Grains With Solubles On Growth Performance Of Nursery And Finishing Pigs (2009), J M. Benz, Jim L. Nelssen, Joel M. Derouchey, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2009

Effects Of An Enzyme Blend (Livestock Answer) In Diets Containing Dried Distillers Grains With Solubles On Growth Performance Of Nursery And Finishing Pigs (2009), J M. Benz, Jim L. Nelssen, Joel M. Derouchey, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two trials were conducted to determine the effects of an enzyme blend (Livestock Answer; Environmental Care and Share, Golden, CO) on growth performance of nursery and wean-to-finish pigs. Livestock Answer contains amylases, cellulases, proteases, lipases, and phytases. In Exp. 1, a total of 180 pigs (PIC TR4 × 1050, initially 12.3 lb and 21 d old) were used in a 28-d trial. Pigs were blocked by weight and allotted at weaning to 1 of 3 enzyme levels (0%, 0.125%, and 0.175%). There were 6 pigs per pen and 10 replications per treatment. Diets were corn-soybean meal based and contained 15% …

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Effects Of Piglet Birth Weight And Litter Size On The Preweaning Growth Performance Of Pigs On A Commercial Farm (2009), J R. Bergstrom, M L. Potter, Steven C. Henry, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, Robert D. Goodband, Joel M. Derouchey, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2009

Effects Of Piglet Birth Weight And Litter Size On The Preweaning Growth Performance Of Pigs On A Commercial Farm (2009), J R. Bergstrom, M L. Potter, Steven C. Henry, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, Robert D. Goodband, Joel M. Derouchey, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 2,204 pigs (PIC 327 sired) were used to evaluate the effects of piglet birth weight and litter size on preweaning piglet performance. At a commercial sow farm, all pigs born alive for 22 consecutive days were identified individually at birth with a numbered ear tag. Each sow was assigned a body condition score (BCS; 1 = very thin to 5 = very fat), and the number of total born, live born, and born dead as well as the individual gender, birth weight, and identification of piglets were recorded within 18 h of parturition and before the movement …

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Effects Of Adding Enzymes To Diets Containing High Levels Of Dried Distillers Grains With Solubles On Growth Performance Of Finishing Pigs (2009), J Y. Jacela, K J. Prusa, Michael D. Tokach, Joel M. Derouchey, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2009

Effects Of Adding Enzymes To Diets Containing High Levels Of Dried Distillers Grains With Solubles On Growth Performance Of Finishing Pigs (2009), J Y. Jacela, K J. Prusa, Michael D. Tokach, Joel M. Derouchey, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 1,032 pigs (BW = 101.5 lb) were used in a 90-d experiment to determine the effects of adding enzymes to diets containing high levels of dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) on growth performance and carcass characteristics of finishing pigs. Pigs were blocked by BW and randomly allotted to 1 of 7 dietary treatments with 6 pens per treatment. The control diet contained 30% DDGS. The remaining treatments were arranged in a 2 × 3 factorial design based on DDGS (45 or 60%) and enzyme inclusion (none, product A, or product B). Enzyme products were commercially available …

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Effect Of Constant Or Step-Up Ractopamine Hcl (Paylean) Feeding Programs On Growth Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Late-Finishing Pigs (2009), J Y. Jacela, Michael D. Tokach, Joel M. Derouchey, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2009

Effect Of Constant Or Step-Up Ractopamine Hcl (Paylean) Feeding Programs On Growth Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Late-Finishing Pigs (2009), J Y. Jacela, Michael D. Tokach, Joel M. Derouchey, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 1,099 pigs (PIC 337 × C22; initial BW = 208 lb) were used to evaluate the effect of ractopamine HCl (RAC) feeding programs on growth and carcass traits of late-finishing pigs. Pigs were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatments balanced by average BW within gender. There were 14 pens per treatment and 26 pigs per pen. Treatments were a basal diet with: (1) 0 g/ton RAC for 28 d (control), (2) 0 g/ton RAC from d 0 to 7 and 4.5 g/ton RAC from d 7 to 28 (constant), and (3) 4.5 g/ton from d 0 …

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Effects Of Megasphaera Elsdenii On Ruminal Ph, Ruminal Concentrations Of Organic Acids, And Bacterial Genomes Following A Grain Challenge (2009), M.R. Mcdaniel, James J. Higgins, J.M. Heidenreich, M.K. Shelor, G.L. Parsons, P.H. Henning, James S. Drouillard Jan 2009

Effects Of Megasphaera Elsdenii On Ruminal Ph, Ruminal Concentrations Of Organic Acids, And Bacterial Genomes Following A Grain Challenge (2009), M.R. Mcdaniel, James J. Higgins, J.M. Heidenreich, M.K. Shelor, G.L. Parsons, P.H. Henning, James S. Drouillard

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Upon arrival in feedlots, cattle normally must be adapted to high-concentrate diets. The microbial population in the rumen of incoming cattle normally is suited to digestion of forages, and when cattle are transitioned onto concentrate diets, opportunistic bacteria that produce lactic acid can proliferate rapidly, leading to excesses of lactic acid in the rumen. High levels of lactic acid in the rumen may cause mild to severe acidosis. Megasphaera elsdenii is a lactate-utilizing bacterium that normally is present in rumens of cattle that have been adapted to high-grain diets, but numbers of the organism are relatively low during the step-up …

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Extruded Complete Feed For Finishing Cattle (2009), R. Strabler, A.J. Crisler, Brandon E. Depenbusch, James S. Drouillard Jan 2009

Extruded Complete Feed For Finishing Cattle (2009), R. Strabler, A.J. Crisler, Brandon E. Depenbusch, James S. Drouillard

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Steam flaking is the predominant means of processing grains in large commercial feedlots. Compared with dry rolling, steam flaking improves total tract digestibility and feed efficiency by 8 to 15%. In steam-flaked corn diets, alfalfa hay often is used as a source of roughage. A survey of industry consultants showed that the range of roughage levels used is between 4.5 and 13.5%. Roughages are commonly the highest-cost ingredient per unit of energy and are highly prone to shrink. Low roughage levels are desirable, but a modest level must be maintained to ensure rumen health. Cattle, like other species, can be …

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Spotlight On Dry Aging Beef: Effects Of Loin Type, Aging Methods, And Aging Time (2009), S.L. Degeer, C.L. Bratcher, B.A. Crozier-Dodson, D.E. Johnson, J.F. Stika, Melvin C. Hunt Jan 2009

Spotlight On Dry Aging Beef: Effects Of Loin Type, Aging Methods, And Aging Time (2009), S.L. Degeer, C.L. Bratcher, B.A. Crozier-Dodson, D.E. Johnson, J.F. Stika, Melvin C. Hunt

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Dry aging is an old-time process used to produce a high quality beef product marketed to high-end customers. Its most unique quality is the distinctive dry-aged flavor. Dry aging has been accomplished through many protocols over the years, but an optimum protocol has not been adopted. Practitioners of this art are very interested in providing a consistent, quality, safe product. Traditionally, dry aging is done without packaging, which places more emphasis on plant quality control practices to achieve a consistent product. This limits the number of processors that have the ability to produce dry-aged product. Packaging bags with a very …

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Feed Depredation By European Starlings (2009), G.L. Parsons, M.K. Shelor, Brandon E. Depenbusch, James S. Drouillard, Charles D. Lee Jan 2009

Feed Depredation By European Starlings (2009), G.L. Parsons, M.K. Shelor, Brandon E. Depenbusch, James S. Drouillard, Charles D. Lee

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) were first introduced to the United States in the late 1800s. It is believed that the starlings were imported from Europe and released in New York City's Central Park so that all of the birds mentioned in Shakespeare's works would inhabit the new country. For the next 50 years, the starling population grew exponentially; by 1942, starlings had spread to the West Coast. Starlings are not considered migratory and remain in the same general area year round; however, some may migrate several hundred miles. During much of the year, the inconspicuous starlings disperse into small flocks …

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Needle-Free Injection Enhancement Of Beef Improves Tenderness But Slightly Increases Microbial Translocation, A. Sutterfield, B.A. Crow, J.P. Grobbel, Randall K. Phebus, Michael E. Dikeman, Larry C. Hollis Jan 2009

Needle-Free Injection Enhancement Of Beef Improves Tenderness But Slightly Increases Microbial Translocation, A. Sutterfield, B.A. Crow, J.P. Grobbel, Randall K. Phebus, Michael E. Dikeman, Larry C. Hollis

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Blade tenderization has been used for decades to increase tenderness in beef cuts that are highly variable in tenderness or predicted to be "tough." Injection enhancement also is commonly used in industry to increase tenderness, juiciness, and flavor of some beef muscles. These processes have the potential to translocate microbial organisms on the exterior to interior portions of whole muscles. One research study reported that 3 to 4% of surface bacteria are transferred into the interior of muscles but only penetrate an average of ¼ inch deep into the surface. Even though the frequency of subprimal surfaces being contaminated with …

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Near-Infrared Tissue Oximetry Of Beef Longissimus Muscle For The Improvement Of Meat Color And Meat Color Stability (2009), A. Mohan, Terry A. Houser, T.E. Barstow, Melvin C. Hunt Jan 2009

Near-Infrared Tissue Oximetry Of Beef Longissimus Muscle For The Improvement Of Meat Color And Meat Color Stability (2009), A. Mohan, Terry A. Houser, T.E. Barstow, Melvin C. Hunt

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Meat color as perceived by consumers serves as a valuable guide for assessing overall quality and wholesomeness of meat. The bright cherry-red color of beef is influenced by tissue oxygen consumption, obstacles to oxygen diffusion, and thickness of the oxymyoglobin layer. The dynamics of meat color depend on several physical properties of muscle including myoglobin redox status and concentration. Physical, chemical, and anatomical differences in muscles cause large variations in color from cut to cut, within a cut, and in cuts made parallel or perpendicular to muscle fibers. Clearly, muscle fiber orientation affects measurements of tenderness and cooking yields; however, …

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The Combination Of Implanting With Revalor-200 And Feeding Zilmax Increases Subprimal Meat Yield Of Fed Cows (2009), S. Neill, T.T. Marston, M.J. Daniel, James J. Higgins, John A. Unruh, John R. Jaeger Jan 2009

The Combination Of Implanting With Revalor-200 And Feeding Zilmax Increases Subprimal Meat Yield Of Fed Cows (2009), S. Neill, T.T. Marston, M.J. Daniel, James J. Higgins, John A. Unruh, John R. Jaeger

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Mature cows are culled from herds for reasons such as poor performance and failure to rebreed. When these cows are removed from the herd, they are typically in thin condition and potentially can be fed to gain weight and increase income. Previous research has shown that feeding cull cows high-energy diets can increase carcass weight, fatness, and meat yield. Management practices of implanting and feeding β-adrenergic agonists, repartitioning agents that favor protein deposition at the expense of fat deposition, have been shown to further improve performance and carcass yields. As reported elsewhere in this publication, carcasses from concentrate-fed cows implanted …

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Dried Corn Germ In Natural Finishing Programs Reduces Incidence Of Liver Abscess, J.O. Wallace, James S. Drouillard, Christopher D. Reinhardt Jan 2009

Dried Corn Germ In Natural Finishing Programs Reduces Incidence Of Liver Abscess, J.O. Wallace, James S. Drouillard, Christopher D. Reinhardt

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Changes in consumer preference for beef produced without growth promotants, ionophores, or antibiotics and consumers' willingness to pay price premiums for such products have led some producers to begin raising beef under "natural" feeding regimens. Some natural programs prohibit use of injectable antibiotics, feed additive drugs, or growth promoting implants throughout the life of the animal. This creates challenges for maintaining efficient growth and preventing disease or metabolic disorders. A key problem facing producers who feed cattle under a natural regimen, without use of antibiotics such as tylosin and ionophores, is ruminal acidosis, which is commonly linked with liver abscesses. …

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Combinations Of Steam-Flaked Corn, Dry-Rolled Corn, And Dried Distillers Grains Yield Beef With Similar Yet Subtle Changes In Sensory Traits (2009), P.L. Black, G.L. Parsons, M.K. Shelor, K.K. Karges, M.L. Gibson, Michael E. Dikeman, James S. Drouillard Jan 2009

Combinations Of Steam-Flaked Corn, Dry-Rolled Corn, And Dried Distillers Grains Yield Beef With Similar Yet Subtle Changes In Sensory Traits (2009), P.L. Black, G.L. Parsons, M.K. Shelor, K.K. Karges, M.L. Gibson, Michael E. Dikeman, James S. Drouillard

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Rapid expansion of fuel ethanol production has made available abundant supplies of distillers grains with solubles, which are well-suited as a substitute for cereal grains in finishing cattle diets. Several recently reported experiments have revealed that feeding distillers grains may have adverse effects on carcass value as a result of the tendency to produce carcasses with lower quality grades and/or higher yield grades. The effects on quality grade have been most evident in flaked-grain diets, but effects on yield grade are more or less independent of the type of grain fed. In Kansas, two common methods for processing grains are …

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