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Articles 31 - 60 of 81
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Crystal Protein Expression During Vegetative Growth Of Dictyostelium, Kristy K. Taylor, Catherine P. Chia
Crystal Protein Expression During Vegetative Growth Of Dictyostelium, Kristy K. Taylor, Catherine P. Chia
Papers in Microbiology
We are studying interactions between membrane proteins and the cytoskeleton of Dictyostelium discoideum. Detergent (Triton X-100) -insoluble cytoskeletons from vegetative (AX2) amebae are enriched in a 70 kDa Concanavalin A (Con A)-binding protein (gp70). An enriched fraction of gp70 was prepared by Con A affinity chromatography of cytoskeletons from axenically-grown cells. N-terminal amino acid sequence of gel-purified gp70 established its identity to a 69 kDa 'crystal protein' previously characterized by Bomblies, et al. (1990, J. Cell Biol. 110:669 -679). Enzymatic deglycosylation of gp70 resulted in a 65 kDa product that did not bind Con A, verifying the predicted number …
The Bacillus Thuringiensis Insecticidal Toxin Binds Biotin-Containing Proteins, Cheng Du, Kenneth Nickerson
The Bacillus Thuringiensis Insecticidal Toxin Binds Biotin-Containing Proteins, Cheng Du, Kenneth Nickerson
Papers in Microbiology
Brush border membrane vesicles from larvae of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta, contain protein bands of 85 and 120 kDa which react directly with streptavidin conjugated to alkaline phosphatase. The binding could be prevented either by including 10 μM biotin in the reaction mixture or by prior incubation of the brush border membrane vesicles with an activated 60- to 65-kDa toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis HD-73. The ability of B. thuringiensis toxins to recognize biotin-containing proteins was confirmed by their binding to pyruvate carboxylase, a biotin-containing enzyme, as well as to biotinylated ovalbumin and biotinylated bovine serum albumin but not …
Comparison Of Disulfide Contents And Solubility At Alkaline Ph Of Insecticidal And Noninsecticidal Bacillus Thuringiensis Protein Crystals, Cheng Du, Phyllis A.W. Martin, Kenneth W. Nickerson
Comparison Of Disulfide Contents And Solubility At Alkaline Ph Of Insecticidal And Noninsecticidal Bacillus Thuringiensis Protein Crystals, Cheng Du, Phyllis A.W. Martin, Kenneth W. Nickerson
Papers in Microbiology
We compared two insecticidal and eight noninsecticidal soil isolates of Bacillus thuringiensis with regard to the solubility of their proteinaceous crystals at alkaline pH values. The protein disulfide contents of the insecticidal and noninsecticidal crystals were equivalent. However, six of the noninsecticidal crystals were soluble only at pH values of ≥12. This lack of solubility contributed to their lack of toxicity. One crystal type which was soluble only at pH ≥12 (strain SHP 1-12) did exhibit significant toxicity to tobacco hornworm larvae when the crystals were presolubilized. In contrast, freshly prepared crystals from the highly insecticidal strain HD-1 were solubilized …
Nonenzymatic Glycosylation Of Lepidopteran-Active Bacillus Thuringiensis Protein Crystals, Meenakshi Bhattacharyi, Bradley A. Plantz, Jane D. Swanson-Kobler, Kenneth W. Nickerson
Nonenzymatic Glycosylation Of Lepidopteran-Active Bacillus Thuringiensis Protein Crystals, Meenakshi Bhattacharyi, Bradley A. Plantz, Jane D. Swanson-Kobler, Kenneth W. Nickerson
Papers in Microbiology
We used high-pH anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection to quantify the monosaccharides covalently attached to Bacillus thuringiensis HD-1 (Dipel) crystals. The crystals contained 0.54% sugars, including, in decreasing order of prevalence, glucose, fucose, arabinose/rhamnose, galactose, galactosamine, glucosamine, xylose, and mannose. Three lines of evidence indicated that these sugars arose from nonenzymatic glycosylation: (i) the sugars could not be removed by N- or O-glycanases; (ii) the sugars attached were influenced both by the medium in which the bacteria had been grown and by the time at which the crystals were harvested; and (iii) the chemical identity and stoichiometry of the …
The Entner-Doudoroff Pathway In Escherichia Coli Is Induced For Oxidative Glucose Metabolism Via Pyrroloquinoline Quinone-Dependent Glucose Dehydrogenase, Ronda Fliege, Suxiang Tong, Annemarie Shibata, Kenneth W. Nickerson, Tyrrell Conway
The Entner-Doudoroff Pathway In Escherichia Coli Is Induced For Oxidative Glucose Metabolism Via Pyrroloquinoline Quinone-Dependent Glucose Dehydrogenase, Ronda Fliege, Suxiang Tong, Annemarie Shibata, Kenneth W. Nickerson, Tyrrell Conway
Papers in Microbiology
The Entner-Doudoroff pathway was shown to be induced for oxidative glucose metabolism when Escherichia coli was provided with the periplasmic glucose dehydrogenase cofactor pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ). Induction of the Entner-Doudoroff pathway by glucose plus PQQ was established both genetically and biochemically and was shown to occur in glucose transport mutants, as well as in wild-type E. coli. These data complete the body of evidence that proves the existence of a pathway for oxidative glucose metabolism in E. coli. PQQ-dependent oxidative glucose metabolism provides a metabolic branch point in the periplasm; the choices are either oxidation to gluconate followed …
Lipoxygenase Inhibitors Shift The Yeast/Mycelium Dimorphism In Ceratocystis Ulmi, Ellen C. Jensen, Clyde Ogg, Kenneth W. Nickerson
Lipoxygenase Inhibitors Shift The Yeast/Mycelium Dimorphism In Ceratocystis Ulmi, Ellen C. Jensen, Clyde Ogg, Kenneth W. Nickerson
Papers in Microbiology
The yeast-mycelium dimorphism in Ceratocystis ulmi, the causative agent of Dutch elm disease, was switched by gossypol, nordihydroguaiaretic acid, and propylgallate. In each case the mycelial form was converted to the yeast form. These compounds are recognized lipoxygenase inhibitors. Inhibitors of cyclooxygenase and thromboxane synthetase did not cause mycelia to shift to the yeast form. We suggest the following two-part hypothesis: (i) that lipoxygenase is a target for antifungal antibiotics and (ii) that many phytoalexins (antimicrobial compounds of plant origin) are targeted toward fungal lipoxygenases. In addition, in a study to determine potential lipoxygenase substrates, a fatty acid analysis …
Nutritional Complementation Of Oxidative Glucose Metabolism In Escherichia Coli Via Pyrroloquinoline Quinone-Dependent Glucose Dehydrogenase And The Entner-Doudoroff Pathway, Michael Adamowicz, Tyrrell Conway, Kenneth W. Nickerson
Nutritional Complementation Of Oxidative Glucose Metabolism In Escherichia Coli Via Pyrroloquinoline Quinone-Dependent Glucose Dehydrogenase And The Entner-Doudoroff Pathway, Michael Adamowicz, Tyrrell Conway, Kenneth W. Nickerson
Papers in Microbiology
Two glucose-negative Escherichia coli mutants (ZSC113 and DF214) were unable to grow on glucose as the sole carbon source unless supplemented with pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ). PQQ is the cofactor for the periplasmic enzyme glucose dehydrogenase, which converts glucose to gluconate. Aerobically, E. coli ZSC113 grew on glucose plus PQQ with a generation time of 65 min, a generation time about the same as that for wildtype E. coli in a defined glucose-salts medium. Thus, for E. coli ZSC113 the Entner-Doudoroff pathway was fully able to replace the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway. In the presence of 5% sodium dodecyl sulfate, PQQ no longer …
Detergent (Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate) Shock Proteins In Escherichia Coli, Michael Adamowicz, Philip M. Kelley, Kenneth W. Nickerson
Detergent (Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate) Shock Proteins In Escherichia Coli, Michael Adamowicz, Philip M. Kelley, Kenneth W. Nickerson
Papers in Microbiology
The protein composition of Escherichia coli W3110 grown in the presence and absence of 5% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) was examined by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. In SDS-grown cells, at least 4 proteins were turned on, 13 were turned off, 15 were elevated, and 15 were depressed. The 19 unique and elevated SDS-induced spots constituted 7.91% of the total 35S-labeled protein. There was no apparent overlap between these 19 detergent (SDS) stress proteins and those of other known bacterial stress responses. The detergent stress stimulon is a distinct and independent stimulon. Its physiological relevance probably derives from the presence of …
Toxicity Of Protease-Resistant Domains From The Delta-Endotoxin Of Bacillus Thuringiensis Subsp. Israelensis In Culex Quinquefasciatus And Aedes Aegypti Bioassays, Mary Ann Pfannenstiel, William C. Cray Jr., Graham Couche, Kenneth W. Nickerson
Toxicity Of Protease-Resistant Domains From The Delta-Endotoxin Of Bacillus Thuringiensis Subsp. Israelensis In Culex Quinquefasciatus And Aedes Aegypti Bioassays, Mary Ann Pfannenstiel, William C. Cray Jr., Graham Couche, Kenneth W. Nickerson
Papers in Microbiology
The mosquitocidal glycoprotein endotoxin of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis was digested with chymotrypsin to yield protease-resistant domains which were then separated from smaller protease digestion products by high-performance liquid chromatography. Once purified, the domains no longer bound wheat germ agglutinin, a lectin which binds N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and GlcNAc oligomers. Purified protease-resistant domains were as toxic for Culex quinquefasciatus larvae as intact solubilized toxin. In separate experiments, the toxicity of chymotrypsin-digested endotoxin for Aedes aegypti larvae was reduced fivefold or more. A model is presented in which GlcNAc-containing oligosaccharides are required for toxicity for A. aegypti larvae but not C. …
Isolation And Characterization Of Monoclonal Antibodies Directed Against Plant Plasma Membrane And Cell Wall Epitopes: Identification Of A Monoclonal Antibody That Recognizes Extensin And Analysis Of The Process Of Epitope Biosynthesis In Plant Tissues And Cell Cultures, David J. Meyer, Claudio L. Alfonso, David W. Galbraith
Isolation And Characterization Of Monoclonal Antibodies Directed Against Plant Plasma Membrane And Cell Wall Epitopes: Identification Of A Monoclonal Antibody That Recognizes Extensin And Analysis Of The Process Of Epitope Biosynthesis In Plant Tissues And Cell Cultures, David J. Meyer, Claudio L. Alfonso, David W. Galbraith
Papers in Microbiology
Membranes from tobacco cell suspension cultures were used as antigens for the preparation of monoclonal antibodies. Use of solid phase and indirect immunofluorescence assays led to the identification of hybridomas producing antibodies directed against cell surface epitopes. One of these monoclonal antibodies (ll.D2) was found to recognize a molecular species which on two-dimensional analysis (using nonequilibrium pH-gradient electrophoresis and SDS-PAGE) was found to have a high and polydisperse molecular mass and a very basic isoelectric point. This component was conspicuously labeled by [3H]proline in vivo. The monoclonal antibody cross-reacted with authentic tomato extensin, but not with potato lectin nor larch …
The Glycoprotein Toxin Of Bacillus Thuringiensis Subsp. Israelensis Indicates A Lectinlike Receptor In The Larval Mosquito Gut, Ganapathy Muthukumar, Kenneth Nickerson
The Glycoprotein Toxin Of Bacillus Thuringiensis Subsp. Israelensis Indicates A Lectinlike Receptor In The Larval Mosquito Gut, Ganapathy Muthukumar, Kenneth Nickerson
Papers in Microbiology
The mosquito-active protein crystals produced by Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis contain covalently attached aminosugars which are critical for their larvicidal activity. The 50% lethal concentrations toward Aedes aegypti larvae were increased up to 10-fold by mild periodate treatment, up to 40-fold by forming the protein crystals in the presence of tunicamycin, and up to 7-fold by the presence during the mosquito bioassays of N-acetylglucosamine or its trimer, triacetylchitotriose. Periodate-treated crystals and crystals formed in the presence of tunicamycin had greatly reduced binding capacities for wheat germ agglutinin, an Nacetylglucosamine- specific lectin. These results suggest that the B. thuringiensis subsp. …
Structural Disulfide Bonds In The Bacillus Thuringiensis Subsp. Israelensis Protein Crystal, Graham A. Couche, Mary A. Pfannenstiel, Kenneth W. Nickerson
Structural Disulfide Bonds In The Bacillus Thuringiensis Subsp. Israelensis Protein Crystal, Graham A. Couche, Mary A. Pfannenstiel, Kenneth W. Nickerson
Papers in Microbiology
We examined disulfide bonds in mosquito larvicidal crystals produced by Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. Intact crystals contained 2.01 x 10-8 mol of free sulfhydryls and 3.24 x 10--8 mol of disulfides per mg of protein. Reduced samples of alkali-solubilized crystals resolved into several proteins, the most prominent having apparent molecular sizes of 28, 70, 135, and 140 kilodaltons (kDa). Non-reduced samples contained two new proteins of 52 and 26 kDa. When reduced, both the 52- and 26-kDa proteins were converted to 28-kDa proteins. Furthermore, both bands reacted with antiserum prepared against reduced 28-kDa protein. Approximately 50% of …
Amino Sugars In The Glycoprotein Toxin From Bacillus Thuringiensis Subsp. Israelensis, Mary Ann Pfannenstiel, Ganapathy Muthukumar, Graham A. Couche, Kenneth W. Nickerson
Amino Sugars In The Glycoprotein Toxin From Bacillus Thuringiensis Subsp. Israelensis, Mary Ann Pfannenstiel, Ganapathy Muthukumar, Graham A. Couche, Kenneth W. Nickerson
Papers in Microbiology
The carbohydrate content of purified Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis crystal toxin was determined by six biochemical tests, column chromatography on an amino acid analyzer, and the binding of 11 fluorescent lectins. The crystals contained approximately 1.0% neutral sugars and 1.7% amino sugars. The anmino sugars consisted of 70% glucosamine and 30% galactosamine. No N-acetylneuraminic acid (sialic acid) was detected. The presence of amino sugars was confirmed by the strong binding of fluorescent wheat germ agglutinin and the weak binding of fluorescent soybean agglutinin. These lectins recognize N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, respectively. The lectin-binding sites appeared evenly distributed among …
Immunological Relationships Among Proteins Making Up The Bacillus Thuringiensis Subsp. Israelensis Crystalline Toxin, Mary Ann Pfannenstiel, Graham A. Couche, Elise J. Ross, Kenneth W. Nickerson
Immunological Relationships Among Proteins Making Up The Bacillus Thuringiensis Subsp. Israelensis Crystalline Toxin, Mary Ann Pfannenstiel, Graham A. Couche, Elise J. Ross, Kenneth W. Nickerson
Papers in Microbiology
The immunological relationships among the proteins of the mosquito larvicidal toxin produced by Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis have been investigated by using polyclonal antisera specific for the 28-, 70-, and 135-kilodalton proteins. Each of these proteins was immunologically distinct. There was no cross-reaction among the three proteins and the two non-homologous antisera. Treatment of toxin proteins with larval gut enzymes for 20 h identified protease-resistant domains at approximately 65, 38, and 22 kilodaltons. Similar domains were generated by treatment with trypsin and chymotrypsin. Our immunological and kinetic data indicate that the 28-kilodalton protein is degraded successively to protein bands at …
Analysis Of Mosquito Larvicidal Potential Exhibited By Vegetative Cells Of Bacillus Thuringiensis Subsp. Israelensis, Corey J. Walther, Graham A. Couche, Mary Ann Pfannenstiel, Sara E. Egan, Lisa A. Bivin, Kenneth W. Nickerson
Analysis Of Mosquito Larvicidal Potential Exhibited By Vegetative Cells Of Bacillus Thuringiensis Subsp. Israelensis, Corey J. Walther, Graham A. Couche, Mary Ann Pfannenstiel, Sara E. Egan, Lisa A. Bivin, Kenneth W. Nickerson
Papers in Microbiology
Vegetative Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis cells (6 x 105/ml) achieved 100% mortality of Aedes aegypti larvae within 24 h. This larvicidal potential was localized within the cells; the cell-free supernatants did not kill mosquito larvae. However, they did contain a heat-labile hemolysin which was immunologically distinct from the general cytolytic (hemolytic) factor released during solubilization of B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis crystals. The larvicidal potential of the vegetative cells was not due to poly-3-hydroxybutyrate. Instead, it correlated with the ability of vegetative cells to sporulate during the bioassays. No toxicity was observed when bioassays were conducted in the presence …
Stability Of The Larvicidal Activity Of Bacillus Thuringiensis Subsp. Israelensis: Amino Acid Modification And Denaturants, Mary Ann Pfannenstiel, Graham A. Couche, Ganapathy Muthukumar, Kenneth Nickerson
Stability Of The Larvicidal Activity Of Bacillus Thuringiensis Subsp. Israelensis: Amino Acid Modification And Denaturants, Mary Ann Pfannenstiel, Graham A. Couche, Ganapathy Muthukumar, Kenneth Nickerson
Papers in Microbiology
The Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis mosquito larvicidal toxin is not a sulfhydryl-activated toxin. The protein disulfide bonds were cleaved and blocked without loss of toxicity. In contrast, modification of the lysine side chains eliminated toxicity. Additionally, the toxin was resistant to high concentrations of salt (8 M NaBr), organic solvents (40% methanol), denaturants (4 M urea), and neutral detergents (10% Triton X-100). However, it was inactivated by both positively and negatively charged detergents and by guanidine hydrochloride.
Calmodulin Levels In The Yeast And Mycelial Phases Of Ceratocystis Ulmi, Ganapathy Muthukumar, Rajiv K. Kulkarni, Kenneth W. Nickerson
Calmodulin Levels In The Yeast And Mycelial Phases Of Ceratocystis Ulmi, Ganapathy Muthukumar, Rajiv K. Kulkarni, Kenneth W. Nickerson
Papers in Microbiology
The calmodulin content of the yeast and mycelial phases of Ceratocystis ulmi was determined by radioimmunoassay. Calmodulin levels increased at the G1-S boundary of the cell cycle, coinciding with the first visible appearance of buds or germ tubes. However, in both phases the cellular calmodulin levels were equivalent. No differential synthesis was observed.
Ca(Ii)-Calmodulin Regulation Of Fungal Dimorphism In Ceratocystis Ulmi, Ganapathy Muthukumar, Kenneth W. Nickerson
Ca(Ii)-Calmodulin Regulation Of Fungal Dimorphism In Ceratocystis Ulmi, Ganapathy Muthukumar, Kenneth W. Nickerson
Papers in Microbiology
We have shown that Ca(II) ions, ethylene glycol-bis(β-aminoethyl ether)- N,N-tetraacetic acid, LaCl3, and six known calmodulin inhibitors shift the yeast-mycelium dimorphic potential of Ceratocystis ulmi. Our data are consistent with the conclusions that Ca(II)-calmodulin interaction is necessary for mycelial growth in C. ulmi and that the absence of this interaction leads to the yeast phase.
Bioassay Of Solubilized Bacillus Thuringiensis Var. Israelensis Crystals By Attachment To Latex Beads, Danny J. Schnell, Mary Ann Pfannenstiel, Kenneth W. Nickerson
Bioassay Of Solubilized Bacillus Thuringiensis Var. Israelensis Crystals By Attachment To Latex Beads, Danny J. Schnell, Mary Ann Pfannenstiel, Kenneth W. Nickerson
Papers in Microbiology
Solubilized crystals of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis were 7,000 times less toxic to Aedes aegypti larvae than intact crystals, presumably because mosquito larvae are filter feeders and selectively concentrate particles while excluding water and soluble molecules. A procedure is described whereby soluble toxins are adsorbed to 0.8- micrometer latex beads, with retention of toxicity. The latex bead assay should make it possible to analyze the structure and mode of action of the mosquito toxin.
Toxicity Of Bacillus Thuringiensis Var. Israelensis Crystals To Aedes Aegypti Larvae: Carbonate Reversal, Danny J. Schnell, Kenneth Nickerson
Toxicity Of Bacillus Thuringiensis Var. Israelensis Crystals To Aedes Aegypti Larvae: Carbonate Reversal, Danny J. Schnell, Kenneth Nickerson
Papers in Microbiology
The toxicity of purified Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis crystals to larvae of Aedes aegypti could be reversed 100-fold by levels of K2CO3 as low as 0.15%.
Purification Of Poly-3-Hydroxybutyrate By Density Gradient Centrifugation In Sodium Bromide, Kenneth W. Nickerson
Purification Of Poly-3-Hydroxybutyrate By Density Gradient Centrifugation In Sodium Bromide, Kenneth W. Nickerson
Papers in Microbiology
Fractionation of fully sporulated cultures of Bacillus thuringiensis by density gradient centrifugation in NaBr produced two bands which were identified as poly- β -hydroxybutyrate. This technique generated high yields of membranebound and unbound granules of exceptional purity and degree of polymerization.
Growth Of Enterobacter Cloacae In The Presence Of 25% Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate, Vance C. Kramer, Diane M. Calabrese, Kenneth W. Nickerson
Growth Of Enterobacter Cloacae In The Presence Of 25% Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate, Vance C. Kramer, Diane M. Calabrese, Kenneth W. Nickerson
Papers in Microbiology
The growth of Enterobacter cloacae in 25% sodium dodecyl sulfate is described. The bacteria appeared to tolerate sodium dodecyl sulfate rather than metabolize it. The process was energy dependent, and cell lysis occurred during stationary phase. Extreme detergent resistance may be characteristic of the genus Enterobacter.
Incorporation Of Specific Fatty Acid Precursors During Spore Germination And Outgrowth In Bacillus Thuringiensis, Kenneth W. Nickerson, Lee A. Bulla Jr.
Incorporation Of Specific Fatty Acid Precursors During Spore Germination And Outgrowth In Bacillus Thuringiensis, Kenneth W. Nickerson, Lee A. Bulla Jr.
Papers in Microbiology
The selective incorporation of precursors specific for individual fatty acids in germinating and outgrowing spores of Bacillus thuringiensis is described. The specific precursors utilized were [14C]butyrate, -isobutyrate, -valerate, and -isovalerate, which were incorporated into even-numbered normal-chain isomers, even-numbered iso-isomers, odd-numbered normal-chain acids, and odd-numbered isohomologs, respectively. This preferential incorporation by B. thuringiensis allows the terminal carbons of specific normal and branched-chain fatty acids, contained within the cytoplasmic membrane, to be labeled with 14C and, potentially, 13C.
Purification Of The Protein Crystal From Bacillus Thuringiensis By Zonal Gradient Centrifugation, Kenneth W. Nickerson, Barabara J. Ang
Purification Of The Protein Crystal From Bacillus Thuringiensis By Zonal Gradient Centrifugation, Kenneth W. Nickerson, Barabara J. Ang
Papers in Microbiology
A method is described for the large-scale purification of the Bacillus thuringiensis protein crystal by zonal gradient centrifugation. NaBr gradients are employed in a Beckman J21-B centrifuge equipped with a JCF-Z rotor.
Absence Of Spermine In Filamentous Fungi, Kenneth W. Nickerson, Larry D. Dunkle, James L. Van Etten
Absence Of Spermine In Filamentous Fungi, Kenneth W. Nickerson, Larry D. Dunkle, James L. Van Etten
Papers in Microbiology
Polyamines were examined in several yeasts and filamentous fungi. Whereas putrescine, spermidine, and spennine were present in the yeasts, spernine was not detected in any of the filamentous fungi.
Lipid Metabolism During Bacterial Growth, Sporulation, And Germination: Differential Synthesis Of Individual Branched And Normal-Chain Fatty Acids During Spore Germination And Outgrowth Of Bacillus Thuringiensis, Kenneth W. Nickerson, Lee A. Bulla Jr., Timothy L. Mounts
Lipid Metabolism During Bacterial Growth, Sporulation, And Germination: Differential Synthesis Of Individual Branched And Normal-Chain Fatty Acids During Spore Germination And Outgrowth Of Bacillus Thuringiensis, Kenneth W. Nickerson, Lee A. Bulla Jr., Timothy L. Mounts
Papers in Microbiology
The biosynthesis of individual branched- and normal-chain fatty acids during Bacillus thuringiensis spore germination and outgrowth was studied by comparing pulsed and continuous labeling of these fatty acids with [U- 14C ]acetate. The relative specific activity of each fatty acid varies with time as the cell progresses through outgrowth. However, fatty acid synthesis does occur in two distinct phases. Upon germination, acetate is incorporated only into the iso-isomers i-C13, i-C14, and i-C16; no normal or anteiso synthesis occurs. Subsequent to T30, the full complement of branched- and normal-chain homologues is formed …
Separation Of Spores And Parasporal Crystals Of Bacillus Thuringiensis In Gradients Of Certain X-Ray Contrasting Agentsseparation Of Spores And Parasporal Crystals Of Bacillus Thuringiensis In Gradients Of Certain X-Ray Contrasting Agents, Eugene S. Sharpe, Kenneth W. Nickerson, Lee A. Bulla Jr., John N. Aronson
Separation Of Spores And Parasporal Crystals Of Bacillus Thuringiensis In Gradients Of Certain X-Ray Contrasting Agentsseparation Of Spores And Parasporal Crystals Of Bacillus Thuringiensis In Gradients Of Certain X-Ray Contrasting Agents, Eugene S. Sharpe, Kenneth W. Nickerson, Lee A. Bulla Jr., John N. Aronson
Papers in Microbiology
Spores and parasporal crystals of Bacillus thuringiensis can be separated at moderate centrifugation speeds (10,000 to 12,000 rpm) in gradients of Renografin or sodium diatrizoate.
Lipid Metabolism During Bacterial Growth, Sporulation, And Germination: An Obligate Nutritional Requirement In Bacillus Thuringiensis For Compounds That Stimulate Fatty Acid Synthesis, Kenneth W. Nickerson, Lee A. Bulla Jr.
Lipid Metabolism During Bacterial Growth, Sporulation, And Germination: An Obligate Nutritional Requirement In Bacillus Thuringiensis For Compounds That Stimulate Fatty Acid Synthesis, Kenneth W. Nickerson, Lee A. Bulla Jr.
Papers in Microbiology
The regulation of fatty acid biosynthesis by compounds that are required for growth of Bacillus thuringiensis was investigated using an in vivo assay developed to measure fatty acid synthesis in germinating spores. A minimal glucoseammonium- salts medium does not support growth even though previous radiorespirometric studies have shown B. thuringiensis to possess intact tricarboxylic acid and Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathways. Abundant growth does occur, however, when this medium is supplemented with either glutamate, aspartate, citrate, thiosulfate, cystine, or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. Cells held under non-growing conditions incorporate acetate into fatty acids; fatty acid synthesis is stimulated by the compounds that permit growth. These …
Lipid Metabolism During Bacterial Growth, Sporulation, And Germination: Kinetics Of Fatty Acid And Macromolecular Synthesis During Spore Germination And Outgrowth Of Bacillus Thuringiensis, Kenneth W. Nickerson, John De Pinto, Lee A. Bulla Jr.
Lipid Metabolism During Bacterial Growth, Sporulation, And Germination: Kinetics Of Fatty Acid And Macromolecular Synthesis During Spore Germination And Outgrowth Of Bacillus Thuringiensis, Kenneth W. Nickerson, John De Pinto, Lee A. Bulla Jr.
Papers in Microbiology
The timing and kinetics of fatty acid synthesis are delineated for Bacillus thuringiensis spore germination and outgrowth by analyzing [U-14C ]acetate and [2-3H ]glycerol incorporation into chloroform-methanol-extractable and trichloroacetic acid-precipitable lipids. In addition to measurement of pulsed and continuous labeling of fatty acids, monitoring the incorporation of radioactive phenylalanine, thymidine, and uridine from the onset of germination through first cell division provides a profile of biochemical activities related to membrane differentiation and cellular development. Upon germination, ribonucleic acid synthesis is initiated, immediately followed by rapid and extensive fatty acid synthesis that in turn precedes protein, deoxyribonucleic …
Physiology Of Sporeforming Bacteria Associated With Insects: Radiorespirometric Survey Of Carbohydrate Metabolism In The 12 Serotypes Of Bacillus Thuringiensis, Kenneth W. Nickerson, Grant St. Julian, Lee A. Bulla Jr.
Physiology Of Sporeforming Bacteria Associated With Insects: Radiorespirometric Survey Of Carbohydrate Metabolism In The 12 Serotypes Of Bacillus Thuringiensis, Kenneth W. Nickerson, Grant St. Julian, Lee A. Bulla Jr.
Papers in Microbiology
Radiorespirometry was used to compare the primary pathways of glucose catabolism in 18 strains of Bacillus thuringiensis representing the 12 established serotypes. Every strain utilizes the Embden-Meyerhof-Pamas pathway almost exclusively; pentose-phosphate pathway participation is minor. The Embden- Meyerhof-Parnas pathway predominates regardless of whether the cells were grown in a minimal medium or one containing yeast extract. The results indicate that the absolute requirement for citrate and related compounds is not a result of defective citrate or glucose transport and metabolism.