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Northward Range Extension Of Cyclinella Tenuis Recluz, K. J. Boss, W. L. Wass

VIMS Articles

The venerid bivalve, C. tenuis, was described by Recluz (1852. Jour. de Conch., 3: 250) from Baie de la Pointe-a-Pitre, Guadeloupe in the Lesser Antilles. The northernmost occurrence of C. tenuis was reported as Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, by Dall (1889. U.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 37, p. 56) and Johnson (1934. Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 40: 48). (...)

Larval Development Of The Hooked Mussel, Brachidontes Recurvus Rafinesque (Bivalvia: Mytilidae) Including A Literature Review Of The Larval Characteristcs Of The Mytilidae, Paul Chanley

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Brachidontes recurvus larvae were reared from eggs in the laboratory. Larval length increased from 90-220 μ, during shelled stages with straight-hinge stage from 90-165 μ,, umbo stage from 135-220 μ,, and pediveliger stage from 165-220 μ,. Height was 23 ± 10 μ. less than length. Depth was 54 + 15 μ, less than length. The hinge line increased with growth and ranged from 68-84 μ,- Hinge structure consisted of small taxodont hinge teeth over the entire hinge line with teeth becoming larger at both ends. Larvae are typical D-shaped mytilid larvae during straight hinge stages but develop a conspicuous, broadly …

Larval Development Of Pagurus Longicarpus Say Reared In The Laboratory, I. Description Of Larval Instars, Morris H. Roberts Jr.

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Thompson ( 1903) described from the plankton four zoeae and a megalopa which he ascribed to Pag11ru.s longicarpus. Although his verbal description of the external anatomy is incomplete, his figures are adequate to identify accurately the species with which he was working. His description of the internal anatomy is the most complete study available for any decapod larva. He indicated that some larvae of P. annulipes were included in his study material but that he was unable todifferentiate the two species.

MacDonald, Pike, and Willamson ( 1957) and Pike and Williamson ( 1959, 1960) described the larvae of several British …

Strobilation Of Chrysaora Quinquecirrha Polyps In The Laboratory, Harold N. Cones Jr.

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The scyphistoma of Chrysaora quinquecirrha was induced to strobilate in the laboratory. Detailed description of the process is given. Just prior to strobilation, the goblet-shaped polyp undergoes color change and clefting. Each scyphistoma typically releases five ephyrae. Terminal tentacles are resorbed during strobilation and appear near its completion at the base of the strobila. Upon release, ephyrae swim to the surface and attempt to maintain their position there. Strobilation is normally complete in 20-25 hours after clefting. All stages survive well on Artemia, enchytraeids, ground ctenophores, and similar food.

Batillipes Gilmartini, A New Marine Tardigrade From A California Beach, Maxine Mcginty

VIMS Articles

Two SPECIES of marine tardigrades have been reported from the Pacific coast of North America. Schuster and Grigarick (1965) studied Echiniscoides sigismundi Schultze, 1865, from algae and barnacles. This species is thought to occur along much of the west coast. Styraconx sargassi Thulin, 1942, was reported as Bathyechiniscus tetronyx Steiner, 1926, from washings of Dictyota sp. by Mathews (1938). Although marine tardigrades are often found in association with algae and a variety of animals, they are most abundant in the interstitial spaces of sandy beaches. The apparently rich interstitial fauna of the west coast has not as yet been investigated.

Larval Development Of Bathynectes Superba (Costa) Reared In The Laboratory., Morris H. Roberts Jr.

VIMS Articles

The present study was undertaken to determine the number of larval stages in Bathynectes, and to describe each larval stage in detail based on laboratory raised specimens. Criteria for distinguishing Bathynectes from other Portunidae were sought.

Boring Mechanism Of Polydora Websteri Inhabiting Crassostrea Virginica, Sarah A. Haigler

VIMS Articles

The boring mechanisms of species of polydorid polychaetes are little understood due to lack of experimental evidence and direct observations. In thepresent studies the boring mechanism of adults and metamorphosing larvae of Polydora websteri was investigated by (1) inducing adults and larvae to settle against test substrates, (2) observing behavior in natural burrows and in "artificial blisters"composed of transparent "Pliobond" films surrounding Iceland spar substrates, (3)removing the giant setae of worms prior to tests of boring, (4) applying the giant setae to substrates, and by (5) testing for production of acid.All the layers of oyster shell, including conchiolin, were bored. …

Occurrence Of The Parasitic Dinoflagellate Oodinium Cyprinodontum Lawler, 1967 In North Carolina., Adrian R. Lawler

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The parasitic dinoflagellate Oodinium cyprinodontum Lawler, 1967 is reported for the first time from Cyprinodontidae from the Outer Banks of North Carolina. Incidence and intensity of infestation data are given. Fundulus majalis (Walbaum) appears to be the primary host.

Seasonal Occurrence Of Epifauna On Test Panels In Hampton Roads, Virginia, Dale R. Calder, Morris L. Brehmer

VIMS Articles

A two-year study was made on settling patterns of some marine epifaunal frmcrtebrales in the port of Hampton Roads, Virginia. Asbestos fiber test panels, submerged to a depth of 5 m from a pier at the Norfolk Navy Base, wf:re used as substrates. The fouling assemblage consisted of species characteristic of the temperate North American Atlantic coast. Over half of the 41 species identified were either coelenterates or arthropods, although sponges, tttrbellarians, ectoprocts, J>olychaetes, mollusks, and ascidians were present as well. Four species, Aselomaris michaeli, Clytia edwardsi, Obelia bicuspidata and 0. commissuralis, all hydroids, represent new distributional records for …

Morphological And Cultural Studies Of A Motile Stage In The Life Cycle Of Dermocystidium Marinum., Frank O. Perkins, R. W. Menzel

VIMS Articles

Dermocystidium marinum hypnospores, obtained by exposure to thioglycollate (the Ray technique), were isolated from oyster tissue and placed in sea water under aerobic conditions. The cells differentiated into sporangia, and sporulation occurred by successive bipartition of the protoplast, resulting in the formation of motile cells within the hypnospore wall. The planonts escaped through one or two preformed discharge pores and tubes. All motile cells were biflagellated with both flagella attached laterally and subapically. The anterior flagellum had Flimmern and the posterior flagellum was a whiplash. The planont cell body was intermediate between reniform and pyriform. Sporulation morphology is discussed from …

Larval Development Of The Large Blood Clam, Noetia Ponderosa (Say), Paul E. Chanley

VIMS Articles

Larvae of Noelia ponderosa were raised from eggs in laboratory cultures. Lengths increased frorn 80 to 210μ, over a 4-week free- swimmining period. Height is 15 μ, less than length in small larvae but as much as 55 μ, less than length when larvae are ready to metamorphose. Depth varies front 25 to 70 μ. less than length over the same period. The straight-hinge line is 65 to 80 μ, long. The umbo is first for1ned at a length of . 150 to 160 μ. and beco1nes long and broad. Umboned larvae are brown with the shell becoming reddish-brown at …

Provisional List Of Parasites Occurring On Fundulus Spp, W. A. Dillon

VIMS Articles

In recent years interest in the utilization of fishes, particularly marine species, as experimental animals has increased. In the search for species amenable to this use, many investigators have chosen the hardy euryhaline species belonging to the genus Fundulus.

In the course of holding these animals under restricted laboratory conditions, problems involving parasitization have developed. In the summer of 1964, workers at our Institute experienced great difficulty in maintaining Fundulus in captivity, and large numbers of experimental animals died. Examination of these fish revealed them to be heavily infested with monogenetic trematodes (mostly gyrodactylids, a few dactylogyrids).

Inasmuch as severe …

Frequencies Of Infaunal Invertebrates Related To Water Content Of Chesapeake Bay Sediments, W. Harrison, Marvin L. Wass

VIMS Articles

The following relationship was investigated for a total of 44 stations, using sequential (linear) multiregression analysis: A = f (D, S a , S i., C, M z, S o , W) 1 z o where A = the frequency of an infaual invertebrate species, D : water depth at the station, Sa = per cent sand, Si =percent silt, C = per cent clay, Mz = mean grain size, S o = sediment Sorting Coefficient, and W = water content. Three animals were chosen for the dependent variable: Ensis directus, Nephtys incisa, and Retusa canaliculata. Results of the least-squares …

Frequencies Of Infaunal Invertebrates Related To Water Content Of Chesapeake Bay Sediments, W. Harrison, Marvin L. Wass

VIMS Articles

The following relationship was investigated for a total of 44 stations, using sequential (linear) multiregression analysis:

A = f (D, S a , S., C, M , S , W)

where A = the frequency of an infauna! invertebrate species, D : water depth at the station, Sa = per cent sand, Si =percent silt, C = per cent clay, Mz = mean grain size, S o = sediment Sorting Coefficient, and W = water content. Three animals were chosen for the dependent variable: Ensis directus, Nephtys incisa, and Retusa canaliculata.

Results of the least-squares search procedure indicate that if …

Pseudocohnilembus Longisetus, A Hymenostome Ciliate From Antarctica, Jesse C. Thompson

VIMS Articles

In December 1961, Dr. Stanley Wilson, of the Virginia Institute of Marine Science, collected some unidentified plant material from an exposed rock surface at an elevation of about 100 feet on Nelly Island, an island situated 12 miles west-northwest of Wilkes Station, Antarctica. This frozen collection was later received by the author and cultures were made from it in November 1962. A small ciliate was isolated from the material; subsequent studies of both living and silver impregnated animals identified it as a member of the genus Pseudocohnilembus ( Evans and Thompson, 1964).

Rhynchocoela: Nemerteans From Marine And Estuarine Waters In Virginia, William E. Mccaul

VIMS Articles

This paper presents twenty-two species of nemerteans collected from various habitats in the York River, the Chesapeake Bay, and the Eastern Shore of Virginia during the summer of l962. For the presentation of supplementary descriptions, this number includes those already reported from the Chesapeake area (Ferguson and Jones, 1949) , besides seventeen species not previously reported from this region and two newly described species.

Dictyota Dichotoma In Virginia, Harold J. Humm

VIMS Articles

Hoyt (1917-1918), in his excellent work on the marine algae of Beaufort, North Carolina, pointed out that this area is a transitional one between northern and southern algal floras of the Atlantic coast of the United States. Of the 84 genera he reported for the Beaufort area, 24 genera and 46 species reached their northern known limit there, while 4 genera and 9 species reached their southern known limit at Beaufort. Subsequent publications by others have added considerably to the numbers of both groups.

Differentiation Of Effects Of Two Pesticides Upon Urosalpinx Cinerea Say From The Eastern Shore Of Virginia, Langley Wood, Beverly A. Roberts

VIMS Articles

Adult Urosalpinx were exposed to various combinations of two pesticides ("Sevin", a methyl carbamate, and "Polystream", a mixture of chlorinated benzenes) recommended for oyster predator control by the Milford Biological Laboratory of the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Concentrations used were within the recommended range, and the field procedure suggested was modified by us for application in laboratory trays. Under controlled laboratory conditions, Polystream used alone killed half the animals within a period of 5. 5 to 6.8 days. The use of Sevin, which is highly toxic in crustaceans, is therefore questionable.

Virginia Institute Of Marine Science, William J. Hargis Jr.

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The present Virginia Institute of Marine Science evolved from the Virginia Fisheries Laboratory, founded in 1940 as part of the College of William and Mary and the research agency for the Virginia Commission of Fisheries. The Institute's original purpose was to under-take research useful in the management of the seafood and sport fishing industries.At the same time it offered an undergraduate and graduate program in marine science through the Department of Biology of the College of William and Mary, and gave general information to the public. more ...

Respiration, Electron-Transport Enzymes, And Krebs-Cycle Enzymes In Early Developmental Stages Of The Oyster Crassostrea Virginica, Robert E. Black

VIMS Articles

A marked increase in the rate of respiration during early development has been noted in many different organisms (see Brachet, 1950 ; Boell, 1955). In most cases the changes in respiratory enzymes which might contribute to the respiratory increases have not been fully studied. Of particular interest in this connection are studies which have dealt with enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid (citric acid) cycle, as well as those investigations of the enzymes involved in the transfer of electrons between substrates and oxygen, via the systems which oxidize reduced pyridine nucleotides and succinic acid.

The Concentrations Of Some Enzymes Of The Citric Acid Cycle And Electron Transport System In The Large Granule Graction Of Eggs And Trochophores Of The Oyster, Crassostrea Virginica, Robert E. Black

VIMS Articles

In an accompanying report Black (1962) has shown that considerable changes in the relative activities of several enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle occur during early development of the oyster. Thus, between the blastula and trochophore stages two enzymes, TPN-specific isocitric dehydrogenase and aipha-keto glutaric dehydrogenase, increase 2- to 3-fold, roughly paralleling the increase in respiration during this same period. Five other enzymes were found not to change appreciably during development to the trochophore. These were: aconitase, succinic dehydrogenase, malic dehydrogenase, DPNH oxidase, and cytochrome oxi dase. Following the trochophore stage cytochrome oxidase decreased somewhat in activity, while the other …