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- Biological Sciences Peer-Reviewed Articles (16)
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Articles 1 - 30 of 39
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Accelerating Tropicalization And The Transformation Of Temperate Seagrass Meadows, Glenn A. Hyndes, Kenneth L. Heck Jr., Et Al, R J. Orth
Accelerating Tropicalization And The Transformation Of Temperate Seagrass Meadows, Glenn A. Hyndes, Kenneth L. Heck Jr., Et Al, R J. Orth
VIMS Articles
Climate-driven changes are altering production and functioning of biotic assemblages in terrestrial and aquatic environments. In temperate coastal waters, rising sea temperatures, warm water anomalies and poleward shifts in the distribution of tropical herbivores have had a detrimental effect on algal forests. We develop generalized scenarios of this form of tropicalization and its potential effects on the structure and functioning of globally significant and threatened seagrass ecosystems, through poleward shifts in tropical seagrasses and herbivores. Initially, we expect tropical herbivorous fishes to establish in temperate seagrass meadows, followed later by megafauna. Tropical seagrasses are likely to establish later, delayed by …
Microbial Nitrogen Processing In Hard Clam (Mercenaria Mercenaria) Aquaculture Sediments: The Relative Importance Of Denitrification And Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction To Ammonium (Dnra), Ae Murphy, Iris C. Anderson, Ar Smyth, Bk Song, Mark Luckenbach
Microbial Nitrogen Processing In Hard Clam (Mercenaria Mercenaria) Aquaculture Sediments: The Relative Importance Of Denitrification And Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction To Ammonium (Dnra), Ae Murphy, Iris C. Anderson, Ar Smyth, Bk Song, Mark Luckenbach
VIMS Articles
As bivalve aquaculture expands worldwide, an understanding of its role in nutrient cycling is necessary to ensure ecological sustainability and determine the potential of using bivalves for nutrient mitigation. Whereas several studies, primarily of epifaunal bivalves, have assessed denitrification, few have considered nutrient regeneration processes such as dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA), which competes with denitrification for nitrate and results in nitrogen retention rather than loss. This study compares sediment nitrogen cycling including mineralization, DNRA, and denitrification within U.S. clam aquaculture sediments to nearby uncultivated sediments, seasonally. Clam aquaculture significantly increased sediment ammonium and phosphate effluxes relative to uncultivated …
Tracking A Marine Ecotourism Star: Movements Of The Short Ocean Sunfish Mola Ramsayi In Nusa Penida, Bali, Indonesia, Tierney Thys, John P. Ryan, Kevin C. Weng, Mark Erdmann, Joeharnani Tresnati
Tracking A Marine Ecotourism Star: Movements Of The Short Ocean Sunfish Mola Ramsayi In Nusa Penida, Bali, Indonesia, Tierney Thys, John P. Ryan, Kevin C. Weng, Mark Erdmann, Joeharnani Tresnati
VIMS Articles
Ocean sunfishes, Molidae, comprise the world’s heaviest bony fishes. They include the short mola, Mola ramsayi (Giglioli 1883), an important tourist draw at Nusa Penida and Nusa Lembongan, Bali, where SCUBA divers can observe ectoparasite-laden individuals being cleaned by smaller reef fishes. Despite widespread appeal, little is known about these fishes relative to regional oceanography. We present the first behavioral information for this species anywhere in the world. Satellite tag data indicate a wide thermal range (10–27.5°C) with depth occupation mostly (95%) in the upper 250 m and habitat preference near the bottom of the warm surface layer. One tag …
The Demographic Consequences Of Growing Older And Bigger In Oyster Populations, Jl Moore, Rom Lipcius, B Puckettt, Sj Schrieber
The Demographic Consequences Of Growing Older And Bigger In Oyster Populations, Jl Moore, Rom Lipcius, B Puckettt, Sj Schrieber
VIMS Articles
Structured population models, particularly size-or age-structured, have a long history of informing conservation and natural resource management. While size is often easier to measure than age and is the focus of many management strategies, age-structure can have important effects on population dynamics that are not captured in size-only models. However, relatively few studies have included the simultaneous effects of both age-and size-structure. To better understand how population structure, particularly that of age and size, impacts restoration and management decisions, we developed and compared a size-structured integral projection model (IPM) and an age-and size-structured IPM, using a population of Crassostrea gigas …
Nitrogen Sources And Net Growth Efficiency Of Zooplankton In Three Amazon River Plume Food Webs, Natalie Loick-Wilde, Sarah C. Weber, Brandon J. Condon, Douglas G. Capone, Victoria J. Coles, Patricia M. Medeiros, Deborah K. Steinberg, Joseph P. Montoya
Nitrogen Sources And Net Growth Efficiency Of Zooplankton In Three Amazon River Plume Food Webs, Natalie Loick-Wilde, Sarah C. Weber, Brandon J. Condon, Douglas G. Capone, Victoria J. Coles, Patricia M. Medeiros, Deborah K. Steinberg, Joseph P. Montoya
VIMS Articles
The plasticity of nitrogen specific net growth efficiency (NGE) in marine mesozooplankton is currently unresolved, with discordant lines of evidence suggesting that NGE is constant, or that it varies with nitrogen source, food availability, and food quality in marine ecosystems. Specifically, the fate of nitrogen from nitrogen fixation is poorly known. We use 15N : 14N ratios in plankton in combination with hydrological data, nutrient profiles, and nitrogen fixation rate measurements to investigate the relationship between new nitrogen sources and the nitrogen specific NGE in three plankton communities along the outer Amazon River plume. The NGE of small …
Dissolved Organic Carbon Fluxes In The Middle Atlantic Bight: An Integrated Approach Based On Satellite Data And Ocean Model Products, Antonio Mannino, Sergio R. Signorini, Michael Novak, John Wilkin, Marjorie A.M. Friedrichs, Raymond G. Najjar
Dissolved Organic Carbon Fluxes In The Middle Atlantic Bight: An Integrated Approach Based On Satellite Data And Ocean Model Products, Antonio Mannino, Sergio R. Signorini, Michael Novak, John Wilkin, Marjorie A.M. Friedrichs, Raymond G. Najjar
VIMS Articles
Continental margins play an important role in global carbon cycle, accounting for 15-21% of the global marine primary production. Since carbon fluxes across continental margins from land to the open ocean are not well constrained, we undertook a study to develop satellite algorithms to retrieve dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and combined these satellite data with physical circulation model products to quantify the shelf boundary fluxes of DOC for the U.S. Middle Atlantic Bight (MAB). Satellite DOC was computed through seasonal relationships of DOC with colored dissolved organic matter absorption coefficients, which were derived from an extensive set of in situ …
Foundation Species Identity And Trophic Complexity Affect Experimental Seagrass Communities, Althea F. P. Moore, J. Emmett Duffy
Foundation Species Identity And Trophic Complexity Affect Experimental Seagrass Communities, Althea F. P. Moore, J. Emmett Duffy
VIMS Articles
The abundance and species composition of marine foundation species is changing due to range expansion or contraction, with potentially important ecosystem-level consequences. In Chesapeake Bay, USA, warming is likely to favor the more heat and stress-tolerant Ruppia maritima (widgeongrass) over Zostera marina (eelgrass). Because of the key role of seagrasses in providing habitat and trophic support, it is important to determine whether the more stress-tolerant seagrass provides similar ecological functions to the species it may replace. We addressed how trophic control differs between communities associated with the 2 seagrass species in a mesocosm experiment. Grazing of epiphytic algae can benefit …
Seasonal Shifts In The Movement And Distribution Of Green Sea Turtles Chelonia Mydas In Response To Anthropogenically Altered Water Temperatures, Daniel P. Crear, Daniel D. Lawson, Jeffrey A. Seminoff, Et Al
Seasonal Shifts In The Movement And Distribution Of Green Sea Turtles Chelonia Mydas In Response To Anthropogenically Altered Water Temperatures, Daniel P. Crear, Daniel D. Lawson, Jeffrey A. Seminoff, Et Al
VIMS Articles
Anthropogenically altered water temperatures (AAWT) have the potential to affect the movement and distribution of marine ectothermic species. Green sea turtles (GSTs) Chelonia mydas are an ectothermic species observed inhabiting 2 sites with AAWT at the northern point of their geographical range in the eastern Pacific. An acoustic receiver array was deployed with temperature loggers at the San Gabriel River, Long Beach, CA, where 2 power plants discharge warm water into the river, and at the 7th St. Basin, Seal Beach, CA, a dredged shallow basin with warmer water compared to surrounding coastal habitats during the summer months. Juvenile GSTs …
Vertical Movements Of Shortfin Mako Sharks Isurus Oxyrinchus In The Western North Atlantic Ocean Are Strongly Influenced By Temperature, Jeremy J. Vaudo, Bradley M. Wetherbee, Anthony D. Wood, Kevin C. Weng, Et Al
Vertical Movements Of Shortfin Mako Sharks Isurus Oxyrinchus In The Western North Atlantic Ocean Are Strongly Influenced By Temperature, Jeremy J. Vaudo, Bradley M. Wetherbee, Anthony D. Wood, Kevin C. Weng, Et Al
VIMS Articles
Although shortfin mako sharks Isurus oxyrinchus are regularly encountered in pelagic fisheries, limited information is available on their vertical distribution and is primarily restricted to cooler areas of their geographic range. We investigated the vertical movements of mako sharks across differing temperature regimes within the western North Atlantic by tagging 8 individuals with pop-up satellite archival tags off the northeastern United States and the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. Depth and temperature records across 587 d showed vertical movements strongly associated with ocean temperature. Temperatures150 m compared to only 1% in the coldest water columns. The sharks showed diel diving behavior, with …
Out Of The Tower And Into The Classroom Or How Classroom Partnerships Give Marine Science Grad Students An Edge, Carol Hopper Brill
Out Of The Tower And Into The Classroom Or How Classroom Partnerships Give Marine Science Grad Students An Edge, Carol Hopper Brill
VIMS Articles
Ocean science graduate students face a challenge. They must prepare for two careers: research scientist and communication specialist. Successful researchers have to be creative, innovative, and competitive within their disciplines in order to promote their work and build collaborations among their peers. But, the higher stakes surrounding current environmental concerns, shifting public perceptions of science, and growing emphasis on broader impacts mean that scientists also have to be effective communicators, able to explain the value of their research to a wide audience. How do we effectively give graduate students an edge in preparing for this dual role?
Critical Assessment And Ramifications Of A Purported Marine Trophic Cascade, R. Dean Grubbs, John K. Carleson, Jason G. Romine, Tobey H. Curtis, W. David Mcelroy, Camilla T. Candless, Charles F. Cotton, John A. Musick
Critical Assessment And Ramifications Of A Purported Marine Trophic Cascade, R. Dean Grubbs, John K. Carleson, Jason G. Romine, Tobey H. Curtis, W. David Mcelroy, Camilla T. Candless, Charles F. Cotton, John A. Musick
VIMS Articles
When identifying potential trophic cascades, it is important to clearly establish the trophic linkages between predators and prey with respect to temporal abundance, demographics, distribution, and diet. In the northwest Atlantic Ocean, the depletion of large coastal sharks was thought to trigger a trophic cascade whereby predation release resulted in increased cownose ray abundance, which then caused increased predation on and subsequent collapse of commercial bivalve stocks. These claims were used to justify the development of a predator-control fishery for cownose rays, the “Save the Bay, Eat a Ray” fishery, to reduce predation on commercial bivalves. A reexamination of data …
Experimental Assessment Of Lionfish Removals To Mitigate Reef Fish Community Shifts On Northern Gulf Of Mexico Artificial Reefs, Kristen A. Dahl, William F. Patterson, Richard A. Snyder
Experimental Assessment Of Lionfish Removals To Mitigate Reef Fish Community Shifts On Northern Gulf Of Mexico Artificial Reefs, Kristen A. Dahl, William F. Patterson, Richard A. Snyder
VIMS Articles
Substantial declines in reef fishes were observed at northern Gulf of Mexico artificial reef sites between 2009-2010 and 2011-2012, a period that bracketed the appearance of invasive lionfish in this ecosystem. Small demersal reef fishes, the predominant prey of lionfish in other systems, displayed the greatest declines. However, a confounding factor during this time was the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill (DWH) in summer 2010. In some areas, targeted lionfish removals have been demonstrated to mitigate negative effects on native fishes. Therefore, we conducted a 2 yr experiment to examine the effectiveness and ecological benefits of targeted lionfish removals at artificial …
Embryonic Development And A Quantitative Model Of Programmed Dna Elimination In Mesocyclops Edax (S. A. ) (Copepoda: Cyclopoida), Mk Clower, As Holub, Rt Smith, Ga Wyngaard
Embryonic Development And A Quantitative Model Of Programmed Dna Elimination In Mesocyclops Edax (S. A. ) (Copepoda: Cyclopoida), Mk Clower, As Holub, Rt Smith, Ga Wyngaard
VIMS Articles
The highly programmed fragmentation of chromosomes and elimination of large amounts of nuclear DNA from the presomatic cell lineages (i.e., chromatin diminution), occurs in the embryos of the freshwater zooplankton Mesocyclops edax (S. A. Forbes, 1891) (Crustacea: Copepoda). The somatic genome is reorganized and reduced to a size five times smaller even though the germline genome remains intact. We present the first comprehensive, quantitative model of DNA content throughout embryogenesis in a copepod that possesses embryonic DNA elimination. We used densitometric image analysis to measure the DNA content of polar bodies, germline and somatic nuclei, and excised DNA “droplets.” …
Prediction Of The Export And Fate Of Global Ocean Net Primary Production: The Exports Science Plan, Da Siegel, Ko Buesseler, Et Al, Deborah K. Steinberg
Prediction Of The Export And Fate Of Global Ocean Net Primary Production: The Exports Science Plan, Da Siegel, Ko Buesseler, Et Al, Deborah K. Steinberg
VIMS Articles
Ocean ecosystems play a critical role in the Earth's carbon cycle and the quantification of their impacts for both present conditions and for predictions into the future remains one of the greatest challenges in oceanography. The goal of the EXport Processes in the Ocean from Remote Sensing (EXPORTS) Science Plan is to develop a predictive understanding of the export and fate of global ocean net primary production (NPP) and its implications for present and future climates. The achievement of this goal requires a quantification of the mechanisms that control the export of carbon from the euphotic zone as well as …
A Carbon Budget For The Amundsen Sea Polynya, Antarctica: Estimating Net Community Production And Export In A Highly Productive Polar Ecosystem, Pl Yager, Rm Sherrell, Et Al, Rachel E. Sipler, Et Al
A Carbon Budget For The Amundsen Sea Polynya, Antarctica: Estimating Net Community Production And Export In A Highly Productive Polar Ecosystem, Pl Yager, Rm Sherrell, Et Al, Rachel E. Sipler, Et Al
VIMS Articles
Polynyas, or recurring areas of seasonally open water surrounded by sea ice, are foci for energy and material transfer between the atmosphere and the polar ocean. They are also climate sensitive, with both sea ice extent and glacial melt influencing their productivity. The Amundsen Sea Polynya (ASP) is the greenest polynya in the Southern Ocean, with summertime chlorophyll a concentrations exceeding 20 μg L−1. During the Amundsen Sea Polynya International Research Expedition (ASPIRE) in austral summer 2010–11, we aimed to determine the fate of this high algal productivity. We collected water column profiles for total dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and …
Faunal Communities Are Invariant To Fragmentation In Experimental Seagrass Landscapes, Jonathan S. Lefcheck, Scott R. Marion, Alfonso V. Lombana, R J. Orth
Faunal Communities Are Invariant To Fragmentation In Experimental Seagrass Landscapes, Jonathan S. Lefcheck, Scott R. Marion, Alfonso V. Lombana, R J. Orth
VIMS Articles
Human-driven habitat fragmentation is cited as one of the most pressing threats facing many coastal ecosystems today. Many experiments have explored the consequences of fragmentation on fauna in one foundational habitat, seagrass beds, but have either surveyed along a gradient of existing patchiness, used artificial materials to mimic a natural bed, or sampled over short timescales. Here, we describe faunal responses to constructed fragmented landscapes varying from 4-400 m(2) in two transplant garden experiments incorporating live eelgrass (Zostera marina L.). In experiments replicated within two subestuaries of the Chesapeake Bay, USA across multiple seasons and non-consecutive years, we comprehensively censused …
Optimal Hurricane Overwash Thickness For Maximizing Marsh Resilience To Sea Level Rise, David C. Walters, Matthew L. Kirwan
Optimal Hurricane Overwash Thickness For Maximizing Marsh Resilience To Sea Level Rise, David C. Walters, Matthew L. Kirwan
VIMS Articles
The interplay between storms and sea level rise, and between ecology and sediment transport governs the behavior of rapidly evolving coastal ecosystems such as marshes and barrier islands. Sediment deposition during hurricanes is thought to increase the resilience of salt marshes to sea level rise by increasing soil elevation and vegetation productivity. We use mesocosms to simulate burial of Spartina alterniflora during hurricane-induced overwash events of various thickness (0-60 cm), and find that adventitious root growth within the overwash sediment layer increases total biomass by up to 120%. In contrast to most previous work illustrating a simple positive relationship between …
Data-Limited Population-Status Evaluation Of Two Coastal Fishes In Southern Angola Using Recreational Catch Length-Frequency Data, Jennifer Beckensteiner, David M. Kaplan, Warren M. Potts, Carmen V. Santos, Michael R. O'Farrell
Data-Limited Population-Status Evaluation Of Two Coastal Fishes In Southern Angola Using Recreational Catch Length-Frequency Data, Jennifer Beckensteiner, David M. Kaplan, Warren M. Potts, Carmen V. Santos, Michael R. O'Farrell
VIMS Articles
Excessive truncation of a population's size structure is often identified as an important deleterious effect of exploitation, yet the effect on population persistence of size-structure truncation caused by exploitation is often not quantified due to data limitations. In this study, we estimate changes in eggs per recruit (EPR)using annual length-frequency samples over a 9 year period to assess persistence of the two most important recreational fishes in southern Angola: west coast dusky kob (Argyrosomus coronus) and leerfish (Lichia amia). Using a length-and age-structured model, we improve on an existing method to fit this type of model to length-frequency data and …
The Dilemma Of Derelict Gear, Andrew M. Scheld, Donna M. Bilkovic, Kirk J. Havens
The Dilemma Of Derelict Gear, Andrew M. Scheld, Donna M. Bilkovic, Kirk J. Havens
VIMS Articles
Every year, millions of pots and traps are lost in crustacean fisheries around the world. Derelict fishing gear has been found to produce several harmful environmental and ecological effects, however socioeconomic consequences have been investigated less frequently. We analyze the economic effects of a substantial derelict pot removal program in the largest estuary of the United States, the Chesapeake Bay. By combining spatially resolved data on derelict pot removals with commercial blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) harvests and effort, we show that removing 34,408 derelict pots led to significant gains in gear efficiency and an additional 13,504 MT in harvest valued …
Influence Of Biological Factors On Connectivity Patterns For Concholepas Concholepas (Loco) In Chile, Lysel Garavelli, Franois Colas, Philippe Verley, David Michael Kaplan, Beatriz Yannicelli, Christophe Lett
Influence Of Biological Factors On Connectivity Patterns For Concholepas Concholepas (Loco) In Chile, Lysel Garavelli, Franois Colas, Philippe Verley, David Michael Kaplan, Beatriz Yannicelli, Christophe Lett
VIMS Articles
In marine benthic ecosystems, larval connectivity is a major process influencing the maintenance and distribution of invertebrate populations. Larval connectivity is a complex process to study as it is determined by several interacting factors. Here we use an individual-based, biophysical model, to disentangle the effects of such factors, namely larval vertical migration, larval growth, larval mortality, adults fecundity, and habitat availability, for the marine gastropod Concholepas concholepas (loco) in Chile. Lower transport success and higher dispersal distances are observed including larval vertical migration in the model. We find an overall decrease in larval transport success to settlement areas from northern …
Diel Variations In Survey Catch Rates And Survey Catchability Of Spiny Dogfish And Their Pelagic Prey In The Northeast Us Continental Shelf Large Marine Ecosystem, Skyler R. Sagarese, Michael G. Frisk, Robert M. Cerrato, Kathy A. Sosebee, John A. Musick
Diel Variations In Survey Catch Rates And Survey Catchability Of Spiny Dogfish And Their Pelagic Prey In The Northeast Us Continental Shelf Large Marine Ecosystem, Skyler R. Sagarese, Michael G. Frisk, Robert M. Cerrato, Kathy A. Sosebee, John A. Musick
VIMS Articles
This study examines the potential uncertainty in survey biomass estimates of Spiny Dogfish Squalus acanthias in the Northeast U.S. Continental Shelf Large Marine Ecosystem (NES LME). Diel catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) estimates are examined from the Northeast Fisheries Science Center bottom trawl surveys conducted during autumn (1963-2009) and spring (1968-2009). Influential environmental variables on survey catchability are identified for Spiny Dogfish life history stages and five pelagic prey species: Butterfish Peprilus triacanthus, Atlantic Herring Clupea harengus, shortfin squid Illex spp., longfin squid Doryteuthis spp., and Atlantic Mackerel Scomber scombrus. Daytime survey catchability was significantly higher than nighttime catchability for most species during …
Contribution And Pathways Of Diazotroph-Derived Nitrogen To Zooplankton During The Vahine Mesocosm Experiment In The Oligotrophic New Caledonia Lagoon, Brian P. V. Hunt, Sophie Bonnet, Hugo Berthelot, Brandon J. Conroy, Rachel A. Foster, Marc Pagano
Contribution And Pathways Of Diazotroph-Derived Nitrogen To Zooplankton During The Vahine Mesocosm Experiment In The Oligotrophic New Caledonia Lagoon, Brian P. V. Hunt, Sophie Bonnet, Hugo Berthelot, Brandon J. Conroy, Rachel A. Foster, Marc Pagano
VIMS Articles
In oligotrophic tropical and subtropical oceans, where strong stratification can limit the replenishment of surface nitrate, dinitrogen (N-2) fixation by diazotrophs can represent a significant source of nitrogen (N) for primary production. The VAHINE (VAriability of vertical and tropHIc transfer of fixed N-2 in the south-wEst Pacific) experiment was designed to examine the fate of diazotroph-derived nitrogen (DDN) in such ecosystems. In austral summer 2013, three large ( similar to aEuro parts per thousand aEuro-50aEuro-m(3)) in situ mesocosms were deployed for 23 days in the New Caledonia lagoon, an ecosystem that typifies the low-nutrient, low-chlorophyll environment, to stimulate diazotroph production. …
Brief Communication: Breeding Vectors In The Phase Space Reconstructed From Time Series Data, Erin Lynch, Daniel Kaufman, A. Surjalal Sharma, Eugenia Kalnay, Kayo Ide
Brief Communication: Breeding Vectors In The Phase Space Reconstructed From Time Series Data, Erin Lynch, Daniel Kaufman, A. Surjalal Sharma, Eugenia Kalnay, Kayo Ide
VIMS Articles
Bred vectors characterize the nonlinear instability of dynamical systems and so far have been computed only for systems with known evolution equations. In this article, bred vectors are computed from a single time series data using time-delay embedding, with a new technique, nearest-neighbor breeding. Since the dynamical properties of the standard and nearest-neighbor breeding are shown to be similar, this provides a new and novel way to model and predict sudden transitions in systems represented by time series data alone.
Challenges Associated With Modeling Low-Oxygen Waters In Chesapeake Bay: A Multiple Model Comparison, Isaac D. Irby, Marjorie A.M. Friedrichs, Carl T. Friedrichs, Aaron Bever, Raleigh R. Hood, Lyon W.J. Lanerolle, Ming Li, Lewis Linker, Malcolm Scully, Kevin Sellner, Jian Shen, Jeremy Testa, Hao Wang, Peng Wang, Meng Xia
Challenges Associated With Modeling Low-Oxygen Waters In Chesapeake Bay: A Multiple Model Comparison, Isaac D. Irby, Marjorie A.M. Friedrichs, Carl T. Friedrichs, Aaron Bever, Raleigh R. Hood, Lyon W.J. Lanerolle, Ming Li, Lewis Linker, Malcolm Scully, Kevin Sellner, Jian Shen, Jeremy Testa, Hao Wang, Peng Wang, Meng Xia
VIMS Articles
As three-dimensional (3-D) aquatic ecosystem models are used more frequently for operational water quality forecasts and ecological management decisions, it is important to understand the relative strengths and limitations of existing 3-D models of varying spatial resolution and biogeochemical complexity. To this end, 2-year simulations of the Chesapeake Bay from eight hydrodynamic-oxygen models have been statistically compared to each other and to historical monitoring data. Results show that although models have difficulty resolving the variables typically thought to be the main drivers of dissolved oxygen variability (stratification, nutrients, and chlorophyll), all eight models have significant skill in reproducing the mean …
Interannual And Seasonal Variabilities In Air-Sea Co2 Fluxes Along The Us Eastern Continental Shelf And Their Sensitivity To Increasing Air Temperatures And Variable Winds, Bronwyn Cahill, John Wilkin, Katja Fennel, Doug Vandemark, Marjorie A.M. Friedrichs
Interannual And Seasonal Variabilities In Air-Sea Co2 Fluxes Along The Us Eastern Continental Shelf And Their Sensitivity To Increasing Air Temperatures And Variable Winds, Bronwyn Cahill, John Wilkin, Katja Fennel, Doug Vandemark, Marjorie A.M. Friedrichs
VIMS Articles
Uncertainty in continental shelf air-sea CO2 fluxes motivated us to investigate the impact of interannual and seasonal variabilities in atmospheric forcing on the capacity of three shelf regions along the U.S. eastern continental shelf to act as a sink or source of atmospheric CO2. Our study uses a coupled biogeochemical-circulation model to simulate scenarios of present-day and future-perturbed mesoscale forcing variability. Overall, the U.S. eastern continental shelf acts as a sink for atmospheric CO2. There is a clear gradient in air-sea CO2 flux along the shelf region, with estimates ranging from -0.6MtCyr(-1) in the South Atlantic Bight (SAB) to -1.0MtCyr(-1) …
Effects Of Clam Aquaculture On Nektonic And Benthic Assemblages In Two Shallow-Water Estuaries, Mark Luckenbach, Jn Kraeuter, D Bushek
Effects Of Clam Aquaculture On Nektonic And Benthic Assemblages In Two Shallow-Water Estuaries, Mark Luckenbach, Jn Kraeuter, D Bushek
VIMS Articles
Aquaculture of the northern quahog (=hard clam) Mercenaria mercenaria (Linnaeus, 1758) is widespread in shallow waters of the United States from Cape Cod to the eastern Gulf of Mexico. Grow-out practices generally involve bottom planting and the use of predator exclusion mesh. Both the extent and scale of clam farms have increased in recent decades resulting in concerns regarding the impacts of these practices on estuarine fauna. Seasonal distribution, abundance, biomass, species richness, and community composition of nektonic, demersal, epibenthic, and infaunal organisms were examined in cultivated and uncultivated shallow-water habitats in Virginia and New Jersey. The results reveal that …
Habitat Disturbance Combined With Life History Traits Facilitate Establishment Of Rapana Venosa In The Chesapeake Bay, Juliana M. Harding, Roger L. Mann
Habitat Disturbance Combined With Life History Traits Facilitate Establishment Of Rapana Venosa In The Chesapeake Bay, Juliana M. Harding, Roger L. Mann
VIMS Articles
The veined rapa whelk (Rapana renosa) invasion of the Chesapeake Bay in the United States was first observed in 1998. Chesapeake Bay rapa whelk population demographics, age-at-length relationships, and invasion progression (temporal, spatial) from 1998 to 2009 are described. Between June 1998 and November 2009, 27,624 rapa whelks, ranging from 11- to 195 mm shell length (SL), were collected from the lower Bay. Using a Von Bertalanffy age-at-length model (R-2=0.99), the 195-mm SL whelk collected in 2007 was 26 y old, making 1981 the estimated year of first introduction. Age-frequency distributions for Ocean View, Hampton Bar, and the lower James …
Oyster Planting Protocols To Deter Losses To Cownose Ray Predation, Roger L. Mann, Melissa Southworth, Robert A. Fisher, James A. Wesson, A. J. Erskine, T Leggett
Oyster Planting Protocols To Deter Losses To Cownose Ray Predation, Roger L. Mann, Melissa Southworth, Robert A. Fisher, James A. Wesson, A. J. Erskine, T Leggett
VIMS Articles
The utility of shell overlays to oyster (Crassostrea virginica) plantings as a cownose ray (Rhinoptera bonasus) predator deterrence mechanism was examined. Typical industry practice of oyster seed planting was followed in an experimental design employing treatment areas of 0.5-1.0 acre (0.2-0.4 hectare). Areas were prepared in the Lower Machodoc Creek, Virginia, by the initial application of shell to insure a stable substrate under planted seed oysters. Seed oysters were planted using standard industry methods. Experimental areas were located, two upstream and two downstream, of a constriction in the Lower Machodoc that dictated differing physical environments in the respective locations with …
Effects Of Predator Richness And Habitat Heterogeneity On Prey Suppression In An Estuarine Food Chain, Leonardo K. Miyashita, J. Paul Richardson, J. Emmett Duffy
Effects Of Predator Richness And Habitat Heterogeneity On Prey Suppression In An Estuarine Food Chain, Leonardo K. Miyashita, J. Paul Richardson, J. Emmett Duffy
VIMS Articles
Predator influence on the structure of prey communities can be mediated by habitat heterogeneity, the effects of which may cascade to the base of the food webs, altering producer biomass and species composition. We carried out a mesocosm experiment manipulating the identity and richness of predators and habitat heterogeneity to test their influence on resource use effectiveness, competition among predators, and trophic cascades in a model estuarine system with 3 trophic levels (microalgae, mysids, and the predators blue crab Callinectes sapidus, sand shrimp Crangon septemspinosa, and grass shrimp Palaemonetes pugio). We hypothesized that increasing predator species richness would increase mysid …
Moving Forward 21st Century Pathways To Strengthen The Ocean Science Workforce Through Graduate Education And Professional Development, Linda C. Schaffner, T. W. Hartley, J. G. Saunders
Moving Forward 21st Century Pathways To Strengthen The Ocean Science Workforce Through Graduate Education And Professional Development, Linda C. Schaffner, T. W. Hartley, J. G. Saunders
VIMS Articles
The scope of emerging national and international ocean-related issues facing society demands that we develop broad perspectives on graduate education and training in the ocean sciences. A multifaceted ocean workforce and new kinds of intellectual partnerships are needed to address ocean science research priorities, strengthen our understanding of coupled human-natural ocean systems, engage and inform public policy and management decision making, and increase ocean literacy. Alumni from graduate programs in ocean sciences are following diverse career paths in academia, government, nongovernmental organizations, and industry, and thus can inform us about the diverse skills needed to succeed. The ocean science academic …