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Articles 1 - 30 of 876
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Aquaculture Governance: Five Engagement Arenas For Sustainability Transformation, Darien D. Mizuta, Stefan Partelow
Aquaculture Governance: Five Engagement Arenas For Sustainability Transformation, Darien D. Mizuta, Stefan Partelow
VIMS Articles
A greater focus on governance is needed to facilitate effective and substantive progress toward sustainability transformations in the aquaculture sector. Concerted governance efforts can help move the sector beyond fragmented technical questions associated with intensification and expansion, social and environmental impacts, and toward system-based approaches that address interconnected sustainability issues. Through a review and expert-elicitation process, we identify five engagement arenas to advance a governance agenda for aquaculture sustainability transformation: (1) setting sustainability transformation goals, (2) cross-sectoral linkages, (3) land–water–sea connectivity, (4) knowledge and innovation, and (5) value chains. We then outline the roles different actors and modes of …
Temporal Variability Of Microbial Response To Crude Oil Exposure In The Northern Gulf Of Mexico, Melissa L. Brock, Rachel Richardson, Melissa Ederington-Hagy, Lisa Nigro, Richard A. Snyder, Wade H. Jeffrey
Temporal Variability Of Microbial Response To Crude Oil Exposure In The Northern Gulf Of Mexico, Melissa L. Brock, Rachel Richardson, Melissa Ederington-Hagy, Lisa Nigro, Richard A. Snyder, Wade H. Jeffrey
VIMS Articles
Oil spills are common occurrences in the United States and can result in extensive ecological damage. The 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico was the largest accidental spill recorded. Many studies were performed in deep water habitats to understand the microbial response to the released crude oil. However, much less is known about how planktonic coastal communities respond to oil spills and whether that response might vary over the course of the year. Understanding this temporal variability would lend additional insight into how coastal Florida habitats may have responded to the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. To …
Hard-Bottom Habitats Support Commercially Important Fish Species: A Systematic Review For The North Atlantic Ocean And Baltic Sea, Hugo Flávio, Rochelle D. Seitz, David Eggleston, Jon C. Svendsen, Josianne Støttrup
Hard-Bottom Habitats Support Commercially Important Fish Species: A Systematic Review For The North Atlantic Ocean And Baltic Sea, Hugo Flávio, Rochelle D. Seitz, David Eggleston, Jon C. Svendsen, Josianne Støttrup
VIMS Articles
Hard-bottom habitats span a range of natural substrates (e.g., boulders, cobble) and artificial habitats (e.g., the base of wind turbines, oil platforms). These hard-bottom habitats can provide a variety of ecosystem services, ranging from the enhancement of fish biomass and production to providing erosion control. Management decisions regarding the construction or fate of hard-bottom habitats require information on the ecological functions of these habitats, particularly for species targeted in ecosystem-based fisheries management. This study provides a systematic review of the relationships of various hard-bottom habitats to individual commercially harvested species that are managed jointly across the Atlantic by the International …
Property Owner Shoreline Modification Decisions Vary Based On Their Perceptions Of Shoreline Change And Interests In Ecological Benefits, Amanda Guthrie, Sarah L. Stafford, Andrew M. Scheld, Karinna Nunez, Donna M. Bilkovic
Property Owner Shoreline Modification Decisions Vary Based On Their Perceptions Of Shoreline Change And Interests In Ecological Benefits, Amanda Guthrie, Sarah L. Stafford, Andrew M. Scheld, Karinna Nunez, Donna M. Bilkovic
VIMS Articles
Even under current sea level conditions, many communities are working to protect their coastlines against flooding and shoreline erosion. Coastal communities often protect their shorelines against excessive erosion by using armoring techniques (e.g., bulkheads, riprap). Yet hardened structures reduce many of the natural adaptive mechanisms present in coastal ecosystems and reduce the sustainability of the coastal system. In contrast, natural and nature-based features (e.g., living shorelines) can better protect coastal properties from storm damage and reduce erosion while also having the potential to adapt to new conditions. Since property owners are installing armoring structures more often than living shorelines, we …
Influence Of Oyster Genetic Background On Levels Of Human-Pathogenic Vibrio Spp., Corinne Audemard, Kimberly S. Reece, Robert J. Latour, Lydia M. Bienlien, Ryan B. Carnegie
Influence Of Oyster Genetic Background On Levels Of Human-Pathogenic Vibrio Spp., Corinne Audemard, Kimberly S. Reece, Robert J. Latour, Lydia M. Bienlien, Ryan B. Carnegie
VIMS Articles
Human-pathogenic Vibrio bacteria are common inhabitants of oyster tissues, but our understanding of factors driving the wide range of concentrations found in individual oysters is extremely limited. We examined the influence of oyster sex and parasitism in light of their profound effects on oyster tissues against a backdrop of eastern oysters, Crassostrea virginica, from two diploid and two triploid aquacultured lines. This allowed us to examine not only the effect of oyster ploidy but also of oyster genetics, a factor never investigated with regard to human-pathogenic Vibrio species. We measured levels of total Vibrio vulnificus (vvhA), and of …
A Pleistocene Legacy Structures Variation In Modern Seagrass Ecosystems, J. Emmett Duffy, John J. Stachowicz, (...), Robert J. Orth, J. Paul Richadson, Et Al
A Pleistocene Legacy Structures Variation In Modern Seagrass Ecosystems, J. Emmett Duffy, John J. Stachowicz, (...), Robert J. Orth, J. Paul Richadson, Et Al
VIMS Articles
Distribution of Earth’s biomes is structured by the match between climate and plant traits, which in turn shape associated communities and ecosystem processes and services. However, that climate–trait match can be disrupted by historical events, with lasting ecosystem impacts. As Earth’s environment changes faster than at any time in human history, critical questions are whether and how organismal traits and ecosystems can adjust to altered conditions. We quantified the relative importance of current environmental forcing versus evolutionary history in shaping the growth form (stature and biomass) and associated community of eelgrass (Zostera marina), a widespread foundation plant of …
Influence Of Rising Water Temperature On The Temperate Seagrass Species Eelgrass (Zostera Marina L.) In The Northeast Usa, Holly K. Plaisted, Erin C. Shields, Alyssa B. Novak, (...), Ken Moore, Betty Neikirk, David B. Parrish, Et Al
Influence Of Rising Water Temperature On The Temperate Seagrass Species Eelgrass (Zostera Marina L.) In The Northeast Usa, Holly K. Plaisted, Erin C. Shields, Alyssa B. Novak, (...), Ken Moore, Betty Neikirk, David B. Parrish, Et Al
VIMS Articles
Sea surface temperature (SST) has increased worldwide since the beginning of the 20th century, a trend which is expected to continue. Changes in SST can have significant impacts on marine biota, including population-level shifts and alterations in community structure and diversity, and changes in the timing of ecosystem events. Seagrasses are a group of foundation species that grow in shallow coastal and estuarine systems, where they provide many ecosystem services. Eelgrass, Zostera marina L., is the dominant seagrass species in the Northeast United States of America (USA). Multiple factors have been cited for losses in this region, including light reduction, …
A General Pattern Of Trade-Offs Between Ecosystem Resistance And Resilience To Tropical Cyclones, Christopher J. Patrick, John S. Kominoski, (...), Enie Hensel, Marc J. S. Hense, Bradley A. Strickland, (..), A. K. Hardison, Sean Kinard, Et Al
A General Pattern Of Trade-Offs Between Ecosystem Resistance And Resilience To Tropical Cyclones, Christopher J. Patrick, John S. Kominoski, (...), Enie Hensel, Marc J. S. Hense, Bradley A. Strickland, (..), A. K. Hardison, Sean Kinard, Et Al
VIMS Articles
Tropical cyclones drive coastal ecosystem dynamics, and their frequency, intensity, and spatial distribution are pre-dicted to shift with climate change. Patterns of resistance and resilience were synthesized for 4138 ecosystem time series from n = 26 storms occurring between 1985 and 2018 in the Northern Hemisphere to predict how coastal ecosystems will respond to future disturbance regimes. Data were grouped by ecosystems (fresh water, salt water, terrestrial, and wetland) and response categories (biogeochemistry, hydrography, mobile biota, sedentary fauna, and vascular plants). We observed a repeated pattern of trade-offs between resistance and resilience across analyses. These patterns are likely the outcomes …
Ecological Equivalency Of Living Shorelines And Natural Marshes For Fish And Crustacean Communities, Amanda Guthrie, Donna M. Bilkovic, Molly Mitchell, Randolph Chambers, Jessica S. Thompson, Robert Isdell
Ecological Equivalency Of Living Shorelines And Natural Marshes For Fish And Crustacean Communities, Amanda Guthrie, Donna M. Bilkovic, Molly Mitchell, Randolph Chambers, Jessica S. Thompson, Robert Isdell
VIMS Articles
Salt marshes provide valued services to coastal communities including nutrient cycling, erosion control, habitat provision for crustaceans and fish (including juvenile and forage fish), and energy transfer from the detrital based food web to the greater estuarine system. Living shorelines are erosion control structures that recreate natural shorelines, such as fringing marshes, while providing other beneficial ecosystem services. Living shorelines are expected to provide fish and crustacean (nekton) habitat, but few comprehensive studies have evaluated nekton habitat use across a range of living shoreline settings and ages. We sampled the intertidal marsh and subtidal shallow water nekton community at 13 …
Aquaculture And Eelgrass Zostera Marina Interactions In Temperate Ecosystems, L. M. Howarth, L. M. Lewis-Mccrea, M. L. Kellogg, E. T. Apostolaki, G. K. Reid
Aquaculture And Eelgrass Zostera Marina Interactions In Temperate Ecosystems, L. M. Howarth, L. M. Lewis-Mccrea, M. L. Kellogg, E. T. Apostolaki, G. K. Reid
VIMS Articles
This paper reviews the impacts of shellfish and finfish aquaculture on eelgrass
Zostera marina, the most widely distributed seagrass species in the northern hemisphere. Shellfish aquaculture can have positive, neutral, and negative effects on eelgrass. Positive interactions can be generated by the filtering activity of cultured bivalves, which may improve water quality and reduce epiphyte loads, and shellfish biodeposits may provide more nutrients to eelgrass and other vegetation. However, negative responses are more commonly reported and can be caused
by shading and sedimentation. These negative effects tend to occur directly under and immediately surrounding shellfish farms and rapidly diminish with …
The Biogeography Of Community Assembly: Latitude And Predation Drive Variation In Community Trait Distribution In A Guild Of Epifaunal Crustaceans, Collin P. Gross, J. Emmett Duffy, (...), Robert J. Orth, Et Al
The Biogeography Of Community Assembly: Latitude And Predation Drive Variation In Community Trait Distribution In A Guild Of Epifaunal Crustaceans, Collin P. Gross, J. Emmett Duffy, (...), Robert J. Orth, Et Al
VIMS Articles
While considerable evidence exists of biogeographic patterns in the intensity of species interactions, the influence of these patterns on variation in community structure is less clear. Studying how the distributions of traits in communities vary along global gradients can inform how variation in interactions and other factors contribute to the process of community assembly. Using a model selection approach on measures of trait dispersion in crustaceans associated with eelgrass (Zostera marina) spanning 30° of latitude in two oceans, we found that dispersion strongly increased with increasing predation and decreasing latitude. Ocean and epiphyte load appeared as secondary predictors; …
Climate Drives Long-Term Change In Antarctic Silverfish Along The Western Antarctic Peninsula, Andrew D. Corso, Deborah K. Steinberg, Sharon E. Stammerjohn, Eric J. Hilton
Climate Drives Long-Term Change In Antarctic Silverfish Along The Western Antarctic Peninsula, Andrew D. Corso, Deborah K. Steinberg, Sharon E. Stammerjohn, Eric J. Hilton
VIMS Articles
Over the last half of the 20th century, the western Antarctic Peninsula has been one of the most rapidly warming regions on Earth, leading to substantial reductions in regional sea ice coverage. These changes are modulated by atmospheric forcing, including the Amundsen Sea Low (ASL) pressure system. We utilized a novel 25-year (1993–2017) time series to model the effects of environmental variability on larvae of a keystone species, the Antarctic Silverfish (Pleuragramma antarctica). Antarctic Silverfish use sea ice as spawning habitat and are important prey for penguins and other predators. We show that warmer sea surface temperature and …
A Biologging Database Of Juvenile White Sharks From The Northeast Pacific, J. O'Sullivan, C. G. Lowe, (...), Kevin C. Weng, Et Al
A Biologging Database Of Juvenile White Sharks From The Northeast Pacific, J. O'Sullivan, C. G. Lowe, (...), Kevin C. Weng, Et Al
VIMS Articles
Species occurrence records are vital data streams in marine conservation with a wide range of important applications. From 2001–2020, the Monterey Bay Aquarium led an international research collaboration to understand the life cycle, ecology, and behavior of white sharks (Carcharodon carcharias) in the southern California Current. The collaboration was devoted to tagging juveniles with animal-borne sensors, also known as biologging. Here we report the full data records from 59 pop-up archival (PAT) and 20 smart position and temperature transmitting (SPOT) tags that variously recorded pressure, temperature, and light-level data, and computed depth and geolocations for 63 individuals. Whether transmitted or …
The Feeding Ecology And Microbiome Of The Pteropod Limacina Helicina Antarctica, Patricia S. Thibodeau, Bongkeun Song, Carly M. Moreno, Deborah K. Steinberg
The Feeding Ecology And Microbiome Of The Pteropod Limacina Helicina Antarctica, Patricia S. Thibodeau, Bongkeun Song, Carly M. Moreno, Deborah K. Steinberg
VIMS Articles
The pteropod (pelagic snail) Limacina helicina antarctica is a dominant grazer along
the Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) and plays an important role in regional food web dynamics and biogeochemical cycling. For the first time, we examined the gut microbiome and feeding ecology of L. h. antarctica based on 16S and 18S rRNA gene sequences of gut contents in the WAP during austral summer. Eukaryotic gut contents of L. h. antarctica indicate that this species predominantly feeds on diatoms and dinoflagellates, supplementing its diet with ciliates and foraminifera. Mollicutes bacteria were a consistent component of the gut microbiome. Determining the gut …
Reviews And Syntheses: Spatial And Temporal Patterns In Seagrass Metabolic Fluxes, Melissa Ward, Tye L. Kindinger, Heidi K. Hirsh, (...), Emily B. Rivest, Et Al
Reviews And Syntheses: Spatial And Temporal Patterns In Seagrass Metabolic Fluxes, Melissa Ward, Tye L. Kindinger, Heidi K. Hirsh, (...), Emily B. Rivest, Et Al
VIMS Articles
Seagrass meadow metabolism has been measured for decades to gain insight into ecosystem energy, biomass production, food web dynamics, and, more recently, to inform its potential in ameliorating ocean acidification (OA). This extensive body of literature can be used to infer trends and drivers of seagrass meadow metabolism. Here, we synthesize the results from 56 studies reporting in situ rates of seagrass gross primary productivity, respiration, and/or net community productivity to highlight spatial and temporal variability in oxygen (O2) fluxes. We illustrate that daytime net community production (NCP) is positive overall and similar across seasons and geographies. Full-day …
Development Of An Individual-Based Tag Recapture Model To Benchmark Biomass And Harvest Rates In An Iconic Lobster Fishery, Simon De Lestang, John Hoenig, Jason How
Development Of An Individual-Based Tag Recapture Model To Benchmark Biomass And Harvest Rates In An Iconic Lobster Fishery, Simon De Lestang, John Hoenig, Jason How
VIMS Articles
The West Coast Rock Lobster Managed Fishery (WCRLMF) moved from input to output controls in 2010. This change affected the relativity of fishery-based data sources (e.g., catch rates and landed size composition), making the assessment of the fishery problematic. A novel examination of the stock dynamics was required to ensure the robustness of the stock assessment and associated management arrangements. This study derived estimates of current biomass levels and harvest rates from the release of over 60,000 tagged western rock lobsters (Panulirus cygnus). A Brownie tag-recapture (BTR) model was initially implemented to provide an assessment on a fishery-wide …
Unresolved Taxonomy Confounds Invasive Species Identification: The Lysmata Vittata Stimpson, 1860 (Decapoda: Caridea: Lysmatidae) Species Complex And Recent Introduction Of Lysmata Vittata Sensu Stricto In The Western Atlantic, Robert Aguilar, Sanjeevi Prakash, (...), Troy D. Tuckey, J. Antonio Baeza
Unresolved Taxonomy Confounds Invasive Species Identification: The Lysmata Vittata Stimpson, 1860 (Decapoda: Caridea: Lysmatidae) Species Complex And Recent Introduction Of Lysmata Vittata Sensu Stricto In The Western Atlantic, Robert Aguilar, Sanjeevi Prakash, (...), Troy D. Tuckey, J. Antonio Baeza
VIMS Articles
Peppermint shrimp resembling Lysmata vittata Stimpson, 1860, a species native to the Indo- West Pacific, were found in the lower Chesapeake Bay and adjacent coastal embayments in 2013, representing the first recorded introduction of this species in the northwestern Atlantic. Conflicting morphological descriptions, inconsistent morphological terminology, and limited molecular data (i.e., unresolved taxonomy), as well as the destruction of the type material of L. vittata, created uncertainty regarding proper identification. We provide the first phylogeny incorporating individuals from across the presumed native and introduced range of L. vittata. Morphological and phylogenetic analyses clearly indicate L. vittata represents a species complex …
A Deterministic Model For Understanding Nonlinear Viral Dynamics In Oysters, Qubin Qin, Jian Shen, Kimberly S. Reece
A Deterministic Model For Understanding Nonlinear Viral Dynamics In Oysters, Qubin Qin, Jian Shen, Kimberly S. Reece
VIMS Articles
Contamination of oysters with a variety of viruses is one key pathway to trigger outbreaks of massive oyster mortality as well as human illnesses, including gastroenteritis and hepatitis. Much effort has gone into examining the fate of viruses in contaminated oysters, yet the current state of knowledge of nonlinear virus-oyster interactions is not comprehensive because most studies have focused on a limited number of processes under a narrow range of experimental conditions. A framework is needed for describing the complex nonlinear virus-oyster interactions. Here, we introduce a mathematical model that includes key processes for viral dynamics in oysters, such as …
Refining Real-Time Predictions Of Vibrio Vulnificus Concentrations In A Tropical Urban Estuary By Incorporating Dissolved Organic Matter Dynamics, Jessica Bullington, Abigal R. Golder, Grieg F. Steward, Et Al
Refining Real-Time Predictions Of Vibrio Vulnificus Concentrations In A Tropical Urban Estuary By Incorporating Dissolved Organic Matter Dynamics, Jessica Bullington, Abigal R. Golder, Grieg F. Steward, Et Al
VIMS Articles
The south shore of Oʻahu, Hawaiʻi is one of the most visited coastal tourism areas in the United States with some of the highest instances of recreational waterborne disease. A population of the pathogenic bacterium Vibrio vulnificus lives in the estuarine Ala Wai Canal in Honolulu which surrounds the heavily populated tourism center of Waikīkī. We developed a statistical model to predict V. vulnificus dynamics in this system using environmental measurements from moored oceanographic and atmospheric sensors in real time. During a year-long investigation, we analyzed water from 9 sampling events at 3 depths and 8 sites along the canal …
Beautiful Swimmers Attack At Low Tide, David S. Johnson
Beautiful Swimmers Attack At Low Tide, David S. Johnson
VIMS Articles
It is low tide in a salt marsh. A blue crab, Callinectes sapidus, digs a shallow-water pit. It appears that the crab has missed the outgoing tide and is waiting for the next one. But it is not the tide the crab is waiting for. A female fiddler crab, Minuca pugnax, picks at the mud near the pit with its claws. It is eating. The blue crab waits. The fiddler crab moves closer to the pit. Suddenly, the water explodes as the blue crab seizes the fiddler crab and pulls it into the pit. Now it is the …
Diving Into The Vertical Dimension Of Elasmobranch Movement Ecology, Samantha Andrzejaczek, Tim C.D. Lucas, (...), Kevin Weng, Et Al
Diving Into The Vertical Dimension Of Elasmobranch Movement Ecology, Samantha Andrzejaczek, Tim C.D. Lucas, (...), Kevin Weng, Et Al
VIMS Articles
Knowledge of the three-dimensional movement patterns of elasmobranchs is vital to understand their ecological roles and exposure to anthropogenic pressures. To date, comparative studies among species at global scales have mostly focused on horizontal movements. Our study addresses the knowledge gap of vertical movements by compiling the first global synthesis of vertical habitat use by elasmobranchs from data obtained by deployment of 989 biotelemetry tags on 38 elasmobranch species. Elasmobranchs displayed high intra- and interspecific variability in vertical movement patterns. Substantial vertical overlap was observed for many epipelagic elasmobranchs, indicating an increased likelihood to display spatial overlap, biologically interact, and …
Core Metabolism Plasticity In Phytoplankton: Response Of Dunaliella Tertiolecta To Oil Exposure, Manoj Kamalanathan, Savannah Mapes, Alexandra Prouse, Et Al
Core Metabolism Plasticity In Phytoplankton: Response Of Dunaliella Tertiolecta To Oil Exposure, Manoj Kamalanathan, Savannah Mapes, Alexandra Prouse, Et Al
VIMS Articles
Human alterations to the marine environment such as an oil spill can induce oxidative stress in phytoplankton. Exposure to oil has been shown to be lethal to most phytoplankton species, but some are able to survive and grow at unaffected or reduced growth rates, which appears to be independent of the class and phylum of the phytoplankton and their ability to consume components of oil heterotrophically. The goal of this article is to test the role of core metabolism plasticity in the oil-resisting ability of phytoplankton. Experiments were performed on the oil- resistant chlorophyte, Dunaliella tertiolecta, in control and …
Stepping Stones Towards Antarctica: Switch To Southern Spawning Grounds Explains An Abrupt Range Shift In Krill, Angus Atkinson, Simeon L. Hill, (...), Deborah K. Steinberg, Et Al
Stepping Stones Towards Antarctica: Switch To Southern Spawning Grounds Explains An Abrupt Range Shift In Krill, Angus Atkinson, Simeon L. Hill, (...), Deborah K. Steinberg, Et Al
VIMS Articles
Poleward range shifts are a global-scale response to warming, but these vary greatly among taxa and are hard to predict for individual species, localized regions or over shorter (years to decadal) timescales. Moving poleward might be easier in the Arctic than in the Southern Ocean, where evidence for range shifts is sparse and contradictory. Here, we compiled a database of larval Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba and, together with an adult database, it showed how their range shift is out of step with the pace of warming. During a 70-year period of rapid warming (1920s–1990s), distribution centres of both larvae and …
New Technologies Aid Understanding Of The Factors Affecting Adélie Penguin Foraging, Walker O. Smith Jr., David G. Ainley, Karen J. Heywood, Grant Ballard
New Technologies Aid Understanding Of The Factors Affecting Adélie Penguin Foraging, Walker O. Smith Jr., David G. Ainley, Karen J. Heywood, Grant Ballard
VIMS Articles
The Ross Sea (Figure 1) is home to 33% of the world’s Adélie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae), as well as substantial numbers of Emperor penguins (Aptenodytes forsteri), Weddell seals (Leptonychotes weddellii), and pelagic birds (Smith et al., 2014). Among these, the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Resources (CCAMLR) has designated the Adélie penguin an “indicator species” for monitoring ecosystem structure and function in the newly designated Ross Sea Region Marine Protected Area (RSR-MPA). This penguin, among the best-known seabirds, has been studied for decades at multiple locations with investigations that have delved into …
Adaptive Carbon Export Response To Warming In The Sargasso Sea, Michael W. Lomas, Nicholas R. Bates, Rodney J. Johnson, Deborah K. Steinberg, Tatsuro Tanioka
Adaptive Carbon Export Response To Warming In The Sargasso Sea, Michael W. Lomas, Nicholas R. Bates, Rodney J. Johnson, Deborah K. Steinberg, Tatsuro Tanioka
VIMS Articles
Ocean ecosystem models predict that warming and increased surface ocean stratification will trigger a series of ecosystem events, reducing the biological export of particulate carbon to the ocean interior. We present a nearly three-decade time series from the open ocean that documents a biological response to ocean warming and nutrient reductions wherein particulate carbon export is maintained, counter to expectations. Carbon export is maintained through a combination of phytoplankton community change to favor cyanobacteria with high
cellular carbon-to-phosphorus ratios and enhanced shallow phosphorus recycling leading to increased nutrient use efficiency. These results suggest that surface ocean ecosystems may be more …
Spatial Variability Of Microzooplankton Grazing On Phytoplankton In Coastal Southern Florida, Usa, Nicole C. Millette, Christopher Kelble, Ian Smith, Kelly Montenero, Elizabeth Harvey
Spatial Variability Of Microzooplankton Grazing On Phytoplankton In Coastal Southern Florida, Usa, Nicole C. Millette, Christopher Kelble, Ian Smith, Kelly Montenero, Elizabeth Harvey
VIMS Articles
Microzooplankton are considered the primary consumers of phytoplankton in marine environments. Microzooplankton grazing rates on phytoplankton have been studied across the globe, but there are still large regions of the ocean that are understudied, such as sub-tropical coastal oceans. One of these regions is the coastal area around south Florida, USA. We measured microzooplankton grazing rates in two distinct environments around south Florida; the oligotrophic Florida Keys and the mesotrophic outflow from the Everglades. For 2-years from January 2018 to January 2020, we set up 55 dilution and light-dark bottle experiments at five stations to estimate the microzooplankton community grazing …
Contrasting Controls On Seasonal And Spatial Distribution Of Marine Cable Bacteria (Candidatus Electrothrix) And Beggiatoaceae In Seasonally Hypoxic Chesapeake Bay, Sairah Y. Malkin, Pinky Liau, Carol Kim, Kalev G. Hantsoo, Maya L. Gomes, Bongkeun Song
Contrasting Controls On Seasonal And Spatial Distribution Of Marine Cable Bacteria (Candidatus Electrothrix) And Beggiatoaceae In Seasonally Hypoxic Chesapeake Bay, Sairah Y. Malkin, Pinky Liau, Carol Kim, Kalev G. Hantsoo, Maya L. Gomes, Bongkeun Song
VIMS Articles
Marine cable bacteria (Candidatus Electrothrix) and large colorless sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (e.g., Beggiatoaceae) are widespread thiotrophs in coastal environments but may exert different influences on biogeochemical cycling. Yet, the factors governing their niche partitioning remain poorly understood. To map their distribution and evaluate their growth constraints in a natural setting, we examined surface sediments across seasons at two sites with contrasting levels of seasonal oxygen depletion in Chesapeake Bay using microscopy coupled with 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and biogeochemical characterization. We found that cable bacteria, dominated by a single phylotype closely affiliated to Candidatus Electrothrix communis, flourished during …
Reproduction, Body Condition, Age, And Growth Of A Large Sandy Intertidal Bivalve, Tivela Stultorum, Alexandria R. Marquardt, Noël M. Clark, Eliana G. Maietta, Et Al
Reproduction, Body Condition, Age, And Growth Of A Large Sandy Intertidal Bivalve, Tivela Stultorum, Alexandria R. Marquardt, Noël M. Clark, Eliana G. Maietta, Et Al
VIMS Articles
The iconic Pismo clam Tivela stultorum (Mawe, 1823) once supported a thriving commercial and recreational fishery in California, but populations have declined statewide in recent decades, in part due to overfishing. To manage and restore populations, fishery managers need accurate life history information, but critical data on reproductive cycles, maturity, and growth rates is either unknown or many decades old. This project aimed to (1) determine annual reproductive cycles and body condition of Pismo clams; (2) identify environmental drivers of reproduction and body condition; (3) determine size-age relationships among clams in California; and (4) estimate growth rates. Up to 70 …
Non-Native Red Alga Gracilaria Vermiculophylla Compensates For Seagrass Loss As Blue Crab Nursery Habitat In The Emerging Chesapeake Bay Ecosystem, Megan A. Wood, Romuald N. Lipcius
Non-Native Red Alga Gracilaria Vermiculophylla Compensates For Seagrass Loss As Blue Crab Nursery Habitat In The Emerging Chesapeake Bay Ecosystem, Megan A. Wood, Romuald N. Lipcius
VIMS Articles
Non-native species can become deleterious or potentially beneficial as components of novel ecosystems. The non-native red macroalga Gracilaria vermiculophylla may provide nursery habitat where eelgrass Zostera marina has been extirpated in Chesapeake Bay. A mensurative experiment was conducted monthly May–October 2013 and 2014 in the York River, Chesapeake Bay, to evaluate hypotheses that Gracilaria (1) can compensate for the loss of seagrass nurseries by colonizing habitats where seagrass has been eliminated by environmental stress, and (2) is utilized by juvenile blue crabs (Callinectes sapidus) as nursery habitat. We quantified Gracilaria presence, percent cover, and biomass as a function …
Effects Of Two Toxin-Producing Harmful Algae, Alexandrium Catenella And Dinophysis Acuminata (Dinophyceae), On Activity And Mortality Of Larval Shellfish, Sarah K.D. Pease, Michael L. Brosnahan, Marta P. Sanderson, Juliette L. Smith
Effects Of Two Toxin-Producing Harmful Algae, Alexandrium Catenella And Dinophysis Acuminata (Dinophyceae), On Activity And Mortality Of Larval Shellfish, Sarah K.D. Pease, Michael L. Brosnahan, Marta P. Sanderson, Juliette L. Smith
VIMS Articles
Harmful algal bloom (HAB) species Alexandrium catenella and Dinophysis acuminata are associated with paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) and diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) in humans, respectively. While PSP and DSP have been studied extensively, less is known about the effects of these HAB species or their associated toxins on shellfish. This study investigated A. catenella and D. acuminata toxicity in a larval oyster (Crassostrea virginica) bioassay. Larval activity and mortality were examined through 96-h laboratory exposures to live HAB cells (10–1000 cells/mL), cell lysates (1000 cells/mL equivalents), and purified toxins (10,000 cells/mL equivalents). Exposure to 1000 cells/mL live or lysed D. …