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- (8E (1)
- 10E)- tetradecadienal (1)
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- Augmentation; Amitus bennetti (1)
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- Biological control; Pteromalus nr. myopitae; Bactrocera oleae; Olive fruit fly; Olea europaea; Olive (1)
- Bird predation (1)
- Ceratitis capitata; Medfly; biological control; eradication; establishment; life history; quarantine; history;Aceratoneuromyia indica ; Anastrepha suspensa; Bactrocera dorsalis; Capsicum frutescens;Ceratitis rosa ; Chrysophyllumsp.; Diachasmimorpha longicaudatus; Doryctobracon areolatus;Eutreta simplex ; Opius bellus; Paracantha genalis; Pteromalus coloradensis; Rhagoletis completa; Trirhithrum coffeae; Steinernema feltiae (1)
- Chemosensilla (1)
- Citrus peelminer (1)
- Conservation; biological control; weed control; invasive species (1)
- Cucumis melo (1)
- Degree-day (1)
- Dialeurodes citri (1)
- Encarsia [fcluteola (1)
Articles 1 - 30 of 40
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Response Of Evergreen Perennial Tree Crops To Gibberellic Acid Is Crop Load-Dependent: Ii. Ga3 Increases Yield And Fruit Size Of ‘Hass’ Avocado Only In The On-Crop Year Of An Alternate Bearing Orchard, Lauren C. Garner, Grant Klein, Yusheng Zheng, Toan Khuong, Carol J. Lovatt
Response Of Evergreen Perennial Tree Crops To Gibberellic Acid Is Crop Load-Dependent: Ii. Ga3 Increases Yield And Fruit Size Of ‘Hass’ Avocado Only In The On-Crop Year Of An Alternate Bearing Orchard, Lauren C. Garner, Grant Klein, Yusheng Zheng, Toan Khuong, Carol J. Lovatt
Horticulture and Crop Science
Despite problems of low fruit set, small fruit size and alternate bearing, the Hass cultivar dominates commercial avocado production worldwide. To increase yield and fruit size, gibberellic acid (GA3) (25 mg L−1) was applied at different stages of ‘Hass’ avocado tree phenology: (i) mid–late April (flower abscission), end of June–beginning of July (fruit abscission and beginning of the exponential phase of fruit growth), and mid-January (beginning of pre-harvest fruit drop); (ii) end of June–beginning of July; and (iii) mid-September (near the end of the major fruit abscission period; period of …
Temperature Thresholds And Degree-Day Model For Marmara Gulosa (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), M. J. O'Neal, David H. Headrick, Gregory H. Montez, E.E. Grafton-Cardwell
Temperature Thresholds And Degree-Day Model For Marmara Gulosa (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), M. J. O'Neal, David H. Headrick, Gregory H. Montez, E.E. Grafton-Cardwell
Horticulture and Crop Science
The developmental thresholds for Marmara gulosa Guillen & Davis (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) were investigated in the laboratory by using 17, 21, 25, 29, and 33°C. The lowest mortality occurred in cohorts exposed to 25 and 29°C. Other temperatures caused >10% mortality primarily in egg and Þrst and second instar sap-feeding larvae. Linear regression analysis approximated the lower developmental threshold at 12.2°C. High mortality and slow developmental rate at 33°C indicate the upper developmental threshold is near this temperature. The degree-day (DD) model indicated that a generation requires an accumulation of 322 DD for development from egg to adult emergence. Average daily …
Meeting Learning Objectives Through Service-Learning: A Pomology Case Study, Lauren C. Garner
Meeting Learning Objectives Through Service-Learning: A Pomology Case Study, Lauren C. Garner
Horticulture and Crop Science
Undergraduate students enrolled in the introductory pomology course at California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, from 2007 to 2010, participated in a service-learning project. Students helped the community organization, the California Rare Fruit Growers (CRFG), teach grafting skills to San Louis Obispo County high school students and community members. At the end of each quarter, pomology students completed evaluations of their experience. Results of these evaluations were used to improve teaching methodology and the experience in which the students participated. Self-reported and instructor evaluations of the service-learning project demonstrated that students increased their grafting knowledge and skills, their …
Biology And Parasitism Rates Of Pteromalus Nr. Myopitae (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), A Newly Discovered Parasitoid Of Olive Fruit Fly Bactrocera Oleae (Diptera: Tephritidae) In Coastal California, Therese Kapaun, Hannah Nadel, David H. Headrick, Larisa Vredevoe
Biology And Parasitism Rates Of Pteromalus Nr. Myopitae (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), A Newly Discovered Parasitoid Of Olive Fruit Fly Bactrocera Oleae (Diptera: Tephritidae) In Coastal California, Therese Kapaun, Hannah Nadel, David H. Headrick, Larisa Vredevoe
Horticulture and Crop Science
An undescribed wasp, Pteromalus nr. myopitae (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) opportunistically parasitizes the olive fruit fly Bactrocera oleae (Rossi) (Diptera: Tephritidae), an introduced pest of olives in California. The native or typical host of P. nr. myopitae is unknown. We demonstrate that P. nr. myopitae is a solitary, ectoparasitic, idiobiont parasitoid of the third instar host inside fruit, and pupation occurs in the host tunnel. Reproduction of P. nr. myopitae on B. oleae in olives in the laboratory and in field cages generally failed. Host-feeding was not observed, and adults fed honey and water lived longer than those provided with water alone. …
Novel Lepidopteran Sex Pheromone Components From Marmara Gulosa (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), J. Stephen Mcelfresh, Jardel A. Moreira, Elizabeth E. Grafton-Cardwell, David H. Headrick, John M. Heraty, Marta Guillen, Jocelyn G. Millar
Novel Lepidopteran Sex Pheromone Components From Marmara Gulosa (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), J. Stephen Mcelfresh, Jardel A. Moreira, Elizabeth E. Grafton-Cardwell, David H. Headrick, John M. Heraty, Marta Guillen, Jocelyn G. Millar
Horticulture and Crop Science
Marmara gulosa Guillén & Davis (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) is a sporadic pest of citrus and a number of other crops in southern and central California. Coupled gas chromatographic-electroantennogram detection analyses of headspace volatiles collected by solid phase microextraction from virgin female moths revealed at least four related compounds in the extracts that elicited significant antennal responses from antennae of male moths. These compounds were identified as (8E,10E)-tetradecadien-1-ol, and the corresponding aldehyde, acetate, and formate ester, representing the first report of a formate as a lepidopteran pheromone component. The four compounds were consistently found in headspace volatiles collected …
Regulated Deficit Irrigation And Density Of Erythroneura Spp. (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) On Grape, Michael J. Costello
Regulated Deficit Irrigation And Density Of Erythroneura Spp. (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) On Grape, Michael J. Costello
Horticulture and Crop Science
This study looked at regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) on leafhoppers in the genus Erythroneura (Erythroneura elegantula Osborn, or western grape leafhopper, and Erythroneura variabilis Beamer) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), which are serious pests of cultivated grape (Vitis vinifera L.) in California. RDI is an irrigation strategy that reduces irrigation during a critical point in the phenology of a cultivated perennial crop, to improve vegetative balance and crop quality. Erythroneura spp. are known to respond negatively to vine water stress, and the second generation of leafhoppers begins during a potential RDI initiation period, between berry set and veraison (beginning of fruit …
Impact Of Sulfur On Density Of Tetranychus Pacificus (Acari: Tetranychidae) And Galendromus Occidentalis (Acari: Phytoseiidae) In A Central California Vineyard, Michael J. Costello
Impact Of Sulfur On Density Of Tetranychus Pacificus (Acari: Tetranychidae) And Galendromus Occidentalis (Acari: Phytoseiidae) In A Central California Vineyard, Michael J. Costello
Horticulture and Crop Science
Sulfur is the oldest and most widely used fungicide in the vineyards of California, where it is used for control of powdery mildew (Uncinula necator [Schw.] Burr). For decades, sulfur use has been associated with outbreaks of Tetranychus pacificus McGregor (Acari: Tetranychidae) on cultivated grapes in the San Joaquin Valley. I undertook large-scale field studies to test this association, to evaluate the impact of sulfur on Galendromus occidentalis (Nesbit) (Acari: Phytoseiidae), a major predator of T. pacificus, and to determine if timing of sulfur applications with respect to grape bloom has an impact on T. pacificus density. The …
Spontaneous Hybridization Between Maize And Teosinte, Norman C. Ellstrand, Lauren C. Garner, Subray Hedge, Roberto Guadagnuolo, Lesley Blancas
Spontaneous Hybridization Between Maize And Teosinte, Norman C. Ellstrand, Lauren C. Garner, Subray Hedge, Roberto Guadagnuolo, Lesley Blancas
Horticulture and Crop Science
The closest wild relatives of maize, Zea mays ssp. mays are various Zea taxa known as ‘‘teosinte.’’ Hybrids between maize and the teosinte taxon, Zea mays ssp. mexicana, often occur when the 2 are sympatric in Mexico. Measuring the spontaneous hybridization rate of the 2 taxa would shed light on the mechanisms contributing to the evolution and persistence of these hybrid swarms. We conducted a series of field experiments in Riverside, CA, to measure the natural hybridization rates between maize and 2 teosinte taxa, Z. m. ssp. mexicana and Zea mays ssp. parviglumis. We planted teosinte within and …
Day Vs. Night Sampling For Spiders In Grape Vineyards, Michael J. Costello, Kent M. Daane
Day Vs. Night Sampling For Spiders In Grape Vineyards, Michael J. Costello, Kent M. Daane
Horticulture and Crop Science
We compared day sampling (between 0700 and 1100) and night sampling (between 1900 and 2300) of spiders on grapevines in a California vineyard in 1993 and 1994, shaking spiders from the vines onto a drop cloth and vacuuming them up. Pooled density of the seven most abundant spider species did not differ significantly between day and night sampling, nor did density of Cheiracanthium inclusum (Miturgidae), Trachelas pacificus (Corrinidae), Oxyopes spp. (Oxyopidae) or Neoscona oaxacensis (Araneidae). Under day sampling Metaphidippus vitis (Salticidae) was 60% more abundant and Hololena nedra (Agelenidae) more than 2.5 fold more abundant than under night sampling. Daytime …
Spider And Leafhopper (Erythroneura Spp.) Response To Vineyard Ground Cover, Michael J. Costello, Kent M. Daane
Spider And Leafhopper (Erythroneura Spp.) Response To Vineyard Ground Cover, Michael J. Costello, Kent M. Daane
Horticulture and Crop Science
Ground cover is used in some vineyards to improve soil structure and help manage insect pests; previous studies have shown lower leafhopper (Erythroneura spp.) densities on vines grown with ground cover. We undertook a 2-yr study to determine why ground cover is associated with reduced leafhopper densities. Ground cover consisted of a fall-planted cover crop of purple vetch (Vicia benghalensis) and barley (Hordeum vulgare), which senesced in May and was replaced by a complex of resident vegetation comprised primarily of the grasses Echinochloa spp., Digitaria sanguinalis, and Setaria spp., as well as common knotweed …
Biological Control As A Tool For Ecosystem Management, David H. Headrick, Richard D. Goeden
Biological Control As A Tool For Ecosystem Management, David H. Headrick, Richard D. Goeden
Horticulture and Crop Science
Biological control is proposed as a tool useful for ecosystem management and compatible with the goals of often competing interests regarding the restoration and maintenance of ecosystems. We summarize the effects of introduced species on ecosystems in three broad groups: insects, vertebrates, and weeds. We then discuss the role of biological control for each of these groups in the context of ecosystem management and realistic outcomes. Of the three groups, we show that biological control of weeds appears to have the best chance for success in ecosystem management. We provide two case studies to support our ideas and finally discuss …
Fork-Tailed Katydid Studies, David H. Headrick
Fork-Tailed Katydid Studies, David H. Headrick
Horticulture and Crop Science
The fork-tailed katydid, Scudderia furcata Brunner (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) was considered a minor pest of citrus in California, but in the last few years has increasingly become a problem due to reduction in organophosphate and carbamate pesticides (Grafton-Cardwell 1999). Our objective is to study the biology and behavior of the fork-tailed katydid as a pest of commercially grown citrus in order to develop ecologically-based control methods for application in commercial citrus production.
Development And Reproduction Of A Population Of Eretmocerus Eremicus (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) On Bemisia Argentifolii (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae), David H. Headrick, Thomas S. Bellows, Jr., Thomas M. Perring
Development And Reproduction Of A Population Of Eretmocerus Eremicus (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) On Bemisia Argentifolii (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae), David H. Headrick, Thomas S. Bellows, Jr., Thomas M. Perring
Horticulture and Crop Science
Although the aphelinid parasitoid Eretmocerus eremicus Rose & Zolnerowich is the most abundant naturally occurring parasitoid of Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring in the U.S. desert southwest, its effectiveness in different cropping systems varies. Development and reproduction of a population of this parasitoid attacking B. argentifolii infesting cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., and sweet potato, Ipomoea batatas L., were quantified and compared. Females potato; there were no significant differences of these parameters between host plant species. A preoviposition period of 0.61 d was recorded, and a maximum number of eggs laid in a day was 69 on cotton and 13 on …
Reproductive Biology And Search Behavior Of Amitus Bennetti (Hymenoptera: Platygasteridae), A Parasitoid Of Bemisia Argentifolii (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae), Andrea L. Joyce, Thomas S. Bellows, Jr., David H. Headrick
Reproductive Biology And Search Behavior Of Amitus Bennetti (Hymenoptera: Platygasteridae), A Parasitoid Of Bemisia Argentifolii (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae), Andrea L. Joyce, Thomas S. Bellows, Jr., David H. Headrick
Horticulture and Crop Science
No abstract provided.
Abundance Of Spiders And Insect Predators On Grapes In Central California, Michael J. Costello, Kent M. Daane
Abundance Of Spiders And Insect Predators On Grapes In Central California, Michael J. Costello, Kent M. Daane
Horticulture and Crop Science
We compared the abundance of spiders and predaceous insects in five central California vineyards. Spiders constituted 98.1% of all predators collected. More than 90% of all spiders collected were from eight species of spiders, representing six families. Two theridiids (Theridion dilutum and T. melanurum) were the most abundant, followed by a miturgid (Cheiracanthium inclusum) and an agelinid (Hololena nedra). Predaceous insects comprised 1.6% of all predators collected, and were represented by six genera in five families. Nabis americoferis (Heteroptera, Nabidae) was the most common predaceous insect, with its densities highest late in the growing …
Can Cover Crops Reduce Leafhopper Abundance In Vineyards?, Kent M. Daane, Michael J. Costello
Can Cover Crops Reduce Leafhopper Abundance In Vineyards?, Kent M. Daane, Michael J. Costello
Horticulture and Crop Science
In 3 of 4 vineyards we studied, late-season leafhopper density was lower on vines in cover cropped plots than in plots with no cover crops. However, the level of leafhopper reduction (about 15%) was rarely economically important and the mechanisms leading to reduction were not clear. For example, there were few differences in the number of leaf hopper predators or parasitoids on the vines in cover cropped versus no cover plots. However, there were significant between-treatment differences in vine growth. Plots with seasonwide maintenance of a cover crop and resident grasses had a reduction in vine vigor. Lower vine vigor …
The Biology Of Nonfrugivorous Tephritid Fruit Flies, David H. Headrick, Richard D. Goeden
The Biology Of Nonfrugivorous Tephritid Fruit Flies, David H. Headrick, Richard D. Goeden
Horticulture and Crop Science
This review is the first comprehensive treatment of the biology of nonfrugivorous fruit flies of the family Tephritidae. Feeding habits of destructive and useful species, morphology of immature stages, and hypotheses regarding structural homology and the evolutionary biology of nonfrugivorous tephritids are reviewed, including zoogeography and theories involving resource heterogeneity, guild structure, resource partitioning, resource utilization, facultative niche exploitation, extrinsic and intrinsic factors, host associations, seasonal distribution and phenology, aggregative and circumnatal life history strategies, voltinism, diapause, aestivation, oviposition site, clutch size, and supernumerary oviposition.
Influence Of Ground Cover On Spider Populations In A Table Grape Vineyard, Michael J. Costello, Kent M. Daane
Influence Of Ground Cover On Spider Populations In A Table Grape Vineyard, Michael J. Costello, Kent M. Daane
Horticulture and Crop Science
1. Cover crops and/or resident ground vegetation have been used in California vineyards to increase the number of predators and decrease the number of pestiferous herbivores. The most common resident predators in vineyards are spiders (Araneae). Several observational studies suggest that the addition of cover crops results in an increase in spider density and a decrease in insect pest densities. 2. To test experimentally the effects of cover crops and/or resident ground vegetation (hereafter collectively referred to as ground cover) on spider populations, a 3-year study was undertaken in a commercial vineyard. Large, replicated plots were established with and without …
Comparison Of Sampling Methods Used To Estimate Spider (Araneae) Species Abundance And Composition In Grape Vineyards, Michael J. Costello, Kent M. Daane
Comparison Of Sampling Methods Used To Estimate Spider (Araneae) Species Abundance And Composition In Grape Vineyards, Michael J. Costello, Kent M. Daane
Horticulture and Crop Science
The effectiveness of 3 methods for sampling spiders in grape vineyards was tested. The sampling methods were as follows: (1) a drop-cloth method in which spiders were dislodged from a 5.1-m2 area of grapevine onto a drop cloth, (2) a funnel method in which spiders were dislodged into a 0.74-m2 funnel, and (3) a D-vac method in which 50 sections of grapevine (30-cm sections, total area of 5.4 m2) were suctioned with a gasoline-powered vacuum. Data from all sampling methods were adjusted for area sampled and compared with an absolute control, in which foliage from an entire vine was removed …
Brushing Pansy (Viola Tricolor L.) Transplants: A Flexible, Effective Method For Controlling Plant Size, Lauren C. Garner, F. A. Langton
Brushing Pansy (Viola Tricolor L.) Transplants: A Flexible, Effective Method For Controlling Plant Size, Lauren C. Garner, F. A. Langton
Horticulture and Crop Science
Though brushing is an effective method for controlling excessive elongation in many species, its adoption by the commercial plug transplant industry will depend on the ease and flexibility of its application. Brushing was applied to pansy (Viola tricolor L.) seedlings growing at a density of 1500 plants m-2 by daily stroking with 20/20 gauge netting. In dose response experiments, final petiole length appeared to approach a lower asymptote as number of brush strokes increased, and the number of strokes required to give near full reduction in length increased under environmental conditions favouring extension growth. Ten or 20 daily …
Behavior Of Female Eretmocerus Sp. Nr. Californicus Howard (Aphelinidae: Hymenoptera) Attacking Bemisa Argentifolii Bellows And Perring (Aleyrodidae: Homoptera) On Two Native Californian Weeds, David H. Headrick, Thomas S. Bellows, Jr., Thomas M. Perring
Behavior Of Female Eretmocerus Sp. Nr. Californicus Howard (Aphelinidae: Hymenoptera) Attacking Bemisa Argentifolii Bellows And Perring (Aleyrodidae: Homoptera) On Two Native Californian Weeds, David H. Headrick, Thomas S. Bellows, Jr., Thomas M. Perring
Horticulture and Crop Science
Searching and ovipositional behaviors by female Eretmocems sp. nr. californicus Howard on Bemisia argentifolii Bellows and Perring infesting velvetleaf, Abutilon theophrasti Medic. (Malavaceae), and telegraph weed, Heterotheca grandiflora Nutt. (Asteraceae), were quantified. Adult female behaviors were described and quantified for E. sp. nr. californicus to establish a behavioral time budget analysis. Females departed from leaves of A. theophrasti in 83.3% of the trials, and of those that remained and searched for hosts, walking speeds averaged 0.29 mm/s. Females departed from the leaves of H. grandiflora in 44.4% of the trials, and those remaining readily searched for whitefly hosts with walking …
Issues Concerning The Eradication Or Establishment And Biological Control Of The Mediterranean Fruit Fly, Ceratitis Capitata(Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae), In California, David H. Headrick, Richard D. Goeden
Issues Concerning The Eradication Or Establishment And Biological Control Of The Mediterranean Fruit Fly, Ceratitis Capitata(Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae), In California, David H. Headrick, Richard D. Goeden
Horticulture and Crop Science
Classical biological control is suggested as a tool worth developing now for possible future use in the integrated pest management of the Mediterranean fruit fly (Medfly), Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), in California. Three factors that impact broadly on developing and implementing such a biological control program are: (1) the question of Medfly establishment, (2) quarantine considerations, and (3) agricultural and urban concerns. Each of these factors and their combined effects must be considered when discussing biological control of Medfly in California as shaped by historical perspectives on Medfly invasions, methods of Medfly eradication, and past biological control efforts against Medfly. We …
Host-Plant Effects On The Behavior Of Eretmocerus Sp. Nr. Californicus Females Raised From Melon, David H. Headrick, Thomas S. Bellows, Jr., Thomas M. Perring
Host-Plant Effects On The Behavior Of Eretmocerus Sp. Nr. Californicus Females Raised From Melon, David H. Headrick, Thomas S. Bellows, Jr., Thomas M. Perring
Horticulture and Crop Science
The behaviors of female Eretmocerus sp. nr. californiens raised from Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring on melon, Cucumis melo L., were analysed on four different host plant species (cotton, melon, sweet potato and Abutilon theophrasti Medic). Comparison with previously published results of similarly treated females reared from sweet potato plants showed performance related differences leading to oviposition. In the present study, the generalized behavioral pathway (walking, host- encounter, antennation, probing and oviposition) did not vary among host plant species for melon- reared parasitoid females. Host assessment by antennation leading to host acceptance for probing varied from 10.5- 12.3 sec among …
Behaviors Of Female Eretmocerus Sp. Nr. Californicus (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) Attacking Bemisia Argentifolii (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) On Cotton, Gossypium Hirsutum, (Malavaceae) And Melon, Cucumis Melo (Cucurbitaceae), David H. Headrick, Thomas S. Bellows, Jr., Thomas M. Perring
Behaviors Of Female Eretmocerus Sp. Nr. Californicus (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) Attacking Bemisia Argentifolii (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) On Cotton, Gossypium Hirsutum, (Malavaceae) And Melon, Cucumis Melo (Cucurbitaceae), David H. Headrick, Thomas S. Bellows, Jr., Thomas M. Perring
Horticulture and Crop Science
Behaviors of Eretmocerus sp. nr. californicus females attacking Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring infesting cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., and melon, Cucumis melo L., were quantified. Adult female behaviors were described and quantified for Eret. sp. nr. californicus to establish a behavioral time budget analysis. Females readily searched for host whitefly nymphs on cotton leaves with walking speeds averaging 0.5 mm/s. Females remained infrequently on melon leaves; those that did remain and search for hosts averaged walking speeds of 0.33 mm/s. The duration of host assessment by antennation was related to subsequent behaviors. Rejecting a host was a shorter process than …
Description Of The Male Ceranisus Americensis (Girault) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), Serguei V. Triapitsyn, David H. Headrick
Description Of The Male Ceranisus Americensis (Girault) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), Serguei V. Triapitsyn, David H. Headrick
Horticulture and Crop Science
No abstract provided.
Descriptions Of Immature Stages Of Trupanea Nigricornis And T. Bisetosa (Diptera: Tephritidae) From Southern California, Khouzama M. Knio, Richard D. Goeden, David H. Headrick
Descriptions Of Immature Stages Of Trupanea Nigricornis And T. Bisetosa (Diptera: Tephritidae) From Southern California, Khouzama M. Knio, Richard D. Goeden, David H. Headrick
Horticulture and Crop Science
The immature stages of the sympatric, cryptic species Trupanea nigricornis (Coquillett), a flower head-infesting fruit fly that attacks a wide range of hosts in the Asteraceae in southern California, and T. bisetosa (Coquillett), an oligophagous congener that attacks only a few hosts in the tribe Heliantheae, are described and illustrated. Detailed examination with the aid of scanning electron microscopy of the eggs, all 3 instars, and puparia of this taxonomically closely allied generalist and specialist revealed many similarities and very few differences, for instance, most puparia of T. nigricornis were shorter and narrower than those of T. bisetosa. Therefore, …
Comparative Biologies Of The Cryptic, Sympatric Species, Trupanea Bisetosa And T. Nigricornis (Diptera: Tephritidae) In Southern California, Khouzama M. Knio, Richard D. Goeden, David H. Headrick
Comparative Biologies Of The Cryptic, Sympatric Species, Trupanea Bisetosa And T. Nigricornis (Diptera: Tephritidae) In Southern California, Khouzama M. Knio, Richard D. Goeden, David H. Headrick
Horticulture and Crop Science
The biologies of the sympatric, cryptic species, Trupanea nigricornis (Coquillett), a flower head-infesting fruit fly attacking a wide range of hosts in 8 tribes, 33 genera, and at least 71 species of Asteraceae, and T. bisetosa (Coquillett), an oligophage attacking only 6 hosts in 4 genera of the tribe Heliantheae, are described and compared. A major biological distinction between these species was their ovipositional behavior, whereby females oviposited different numbers of eggs at different sites in different developmental stages of flower heads of their hosts. The larvae of these species showed minor differences in their feeding behaviors, and their puparia …
Commercial Adaptations Of Mechanical Stimulation For The Control Of Transplant Growth, Lauren C. Garner, Allen F. Langton, Thomas Bjorkman
Commercial Adaptations Of Mechanical Stimulation For The Control Of Transplant Growth, Lauren C. Garner, Allen F. Langton, Thomas Bjorkman
Horticulture and Crop Science
The commercial use of mechanical stimulation to control transplant growth is quite limited. To be commercially successful, the technique must be simple and flexible, and must not reduce plant quality. Brushing was applied to tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) seedlings growing at a density of 2100 plants m-2 by daily stroking with a piece of polystyrene. Ten or twenty daily strokes typically provided significant height control without plant damage. Increasing the interval between strokes to up to 10 minutes resulted in the same amount of height control as continuous brushing. There were typically no differences between treating the plants …
A Review Of The Nearctic Species Of The Thrips-Attacking Genus Ceranisus Walker (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), S. V. Triapitsyn, David H. Headrick
A Review Of The Nearctic Species Of The Thrips-Attacking Genus Ceranisus Walker (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), S. V. Triapitsyn, David H. Headrick
Horticulture and Crop Science
The thrips-attacking Eulophidae (subfamily Entedoninae) known from the Nearctic region are reviewed. One new species, Ceranisus loomansi, is described. Four other species of Ceranisus are redescribed and illustrated based mainly on a study of their type specimens as well as on additional material from Arizona, California, Hawaii, Mississippi and Japan. Lectotypes are designated for Ceranisus americensis (Girault), C. nubilipennis (Williams) and C. russelli (Crawford). A key to eight species belonging to four entedonine thrips-attacking genera is given, and host associations are indicated for those species.
Spider (Araneae) Species Composition And Seasonal Abundance In San Joaquin Valley Grape Vineyards, Michael J. Costello, Kent M. Daane
Spider (Araneae) Species Composition And Seasonal Abundance In San Joaquin Valley Grape Vineyards, Michael J. Costello, Kent M. Daane
Horticulture and Crop Science
As part of an investigation to estimate the effect of resident spider populations on Erythroneura variabilis Beamer, spider species composition, relative abundance, and seasonal occurrence were determined. Spiders were sampled monthly during the 1992 and 1993 growing seasons; their numbers were pooled and analyzed for species diversity using the Renkonen index of similarity and cluster analysis. Twenty-seven species of spiders were recorded, representing 14 families. The most common species were Cheiracanthium inclusum (Hentz), Trachelas pacificus (Chamberlin and Ivie), Theridion dilutum Levi, Theridion melanurum Hahn, Oxyopes scalaris Hentz, Oxyopes salticus Hentz, Hololena nedra Chamberlin and Ivie, and Metaphidippus vitis (Cockerell). Three …