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- Biological control; Pteromalus nr. myopitae; Bactrocera oleae; Olive fruit fly; Olea europaea; Olive (1)
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- Ceratitis capitata; Medfly; biological control; eradication; establishment; life history; quarantine; history;Aceratoneuromyia indica ; Anastrepha suspensa; Bactrocera dorsalis; Capsicum frutescens;Ceratitis rosa ; Chrysophyllumsp.; Diachasmimorpha longicaudatus; Doryctobracon areolatus;Eutreta simplex ; Opius bellus; Paracantha genalis; Pteromalus coloradensis; Rhagoletis completa; Trirhithrum coffeae; Steinernema feltiae (1)
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Articles 1 - 30 of 55
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
The Future Of Organic Insect Pest Management: Be A Better Entomologist Or Pay For Someone Who Is, David H. Headrick
The Future Of Organic Insect Pest Management: Be A Better Entomologist Or Pay For Someone Who Is, David H. Headrick
Horticulture and Crop Science
Insect pest management in certified organic production systems presents considerable challenges for growers. The Federal National Organic Program (NOP) guidelines list acceptable tactics, but their effective use requires a considerable knowledgebase in entomology. The range of tactics allowed by the NOP are viewed as limiting by many growers and there are important elements missing from the list such as pest monitoring and identification. Educational programs must consider utilizing instructional methods and additional means of outreach that introduce new pest management tactics that are individualized, regionally appropriate and emphasize grower adoption and collaboration with local professionals. This review describes the challenges …
Evaluation Of Fungicides For Control Of Dollar Spot And Brown Patch Of Greens Height Creeping Bentgrass In Kansas, 2013, C. Thompson, R. Braun, M. Kennelly
Evaluation Of Fungicides For Control Of Dollar Spot And Brown Patch Of Greens Height Creeping Bentgrass In Kansas, 2013, C. Thompson, R. Braun, M. Kennelly
Horticulture and Crop Science
No abstract provided.
Evaluation Of Fungicides For Control Of Dollar Spot Of Fairway Height Creeping Bentgrass In Kansas, 2012, C Thompson, Z Raundenbush, Megan Kennelly
Evaluation Of Fungicides For Control Of Dollar Spot Of Fairway Height Creeping Bentgrass In Kansas, 2012, C Thompson, Z Raundenbush, Megan Kennelly
Horticulture and Crop Science
No abstract provided.
Evaluation Of Granular Fungicides For Control Of Brown Patch Of Lawn Height Tall Fescue In Kansas, 2012, Cole Thompson, M. Kennelly
Evaluation Of Granular Fungicides For Control Of Brown Patch Of Lawn Height Tall Fescue In Kansas, 2012, Cole Thompson, M. Kennelly
Horticulture and Crop Science
No abstract provided.
Evaluation Of Headway G For Control Of Brown Patch Of Lawn Height Tall Fescue In Kansas, 2011, C Thompson, M Kennelly
Evaluation Of Headway G For Control Of Brown Patch Of Lawn Height Tall Fescue In Kansas, 2011, C Thompson, M Kennelly
Horticulture and Crop Science
No abstract provided.
Response Of Evergreen Perennial Tree Crops To Gibberellic Acid Is Crop Load-Dependent: Ii. Ga3 Increases Yield And Fruit Size Of ‘Hass’ Avocado Only In The On-Crop Year Of An Alternate Bearing Orchard, Lauren C. Garner, Grant Klein, Yusheng Zheng, Toan Khuong, Carol J. Lovatt
Response Of Evergreen Perennial Tree Crops To Gibberellic Acid Is Crop Load-Dependent: Ii. Ga3 Increases Yield And Fruit Size Of ‘Hass’ Avocado Only In The On-Crop Year Of An Alternate Bearing Orchard, Lauren C. Garner, Grant Klein, Yusheng Zheng, Toan Khuong, Carol J. Lovatt
Horticulture and Crop Science
Despite problems of low fruit set, small fruit size and alternate bearing, the Hass cultivar dominates commercial avocado production worldwide. To increase yield and fruit size, gibberellic acid (GA3) (25 mg L−1) was applied at different stages of ‘Hass’ avocado tree phenology: (i) mid–late April (flower abscission), end of June–beginning of July (fruit abscission and beginning of the exponential phase of fruit growth), and mid-January (beginning of pre-harvest fruit drop); (ii) end of June–beginning of July; and (iii) mid-September (near the end of the major fruit abscission period; period of …
Preventative Fungicide Application For Control Of Dollar Spot On Creeping Bentgrass In Kansas, 2010, M Kennelly, Z Raudenbush, Cole Thompson
Preventative Fungicide Application For Control Of Dollar Spot On Creeping Bentgrass In Kansas, 2010, M Kennelly, Z Raudenbush, Cole Thompson
Horticulture and Crop Science
No abstract provided.
Evaluation Of Fungicides And Fungicide Programs For Control Of Dollar Spot Creeping Bentgrass In Kansas, 2010, M Kennelly, C Thompson, Z Raudenbush
Evaluation Of Fungicides And Fungicide Programs For Control Of Dollar Spot Creeping Bentgrass In Kansas, 2010, M Kennelly, C Thompson, Z Raudenbush
Horticulture and Crop Science
No abstract provided.
Temperature Thresholds And Degree-Day Model For Marmara Gulosa (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), M. J. O'Neal, David H. Headrick, Gregory H. Montez, E.E. Grafton-Cardwell
Temperature Thresholds And Degree-Day Model For Marmara Gulosa (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), M. J. O'Neal, David H. Headrick, Gregory H. Montez, E.E. Grafton-Cardwell
Horticulture and Crop Science
The developmental thresholds for Marmara gulosa Guillen & Davis (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) were investigated in the laboratory by using 17, 21, 25, 29, and 33°C. The lowest mortality occurred in cohorts exposed to 25 and 29°C. Other temperatures caused >10% mortality primarily in egg and Þrst and second instar sap-feeding larvae. Linear regression analysis approximated the lower developmental threshold at 12.2°C. High mortality and slow developmental rate at 33°C indicate the upper developmental threshold is near this temperature. The degree-day (DD) model indicated that a generation requires an accumulation of 322 DD for development from egg to adult emergence. Average daily …
Meeting Learning Objectives Through Service-Learning: A Pomology Case Study, Lauren C. Garner
Meeting Learning Objectives Through Service-Learning: A Pomology Case Study, Lauren C. Garner
Horticulture and Crop Science
Undergraduate students enrolled in the introductory pomology course at California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, from 2007 to 2010, participated in a service-learning project. Students helped the community organization, the California Rare Fruit Growers (CRFG), teach grafting skills to San Louis Obispo County high school students and community members. At the end of each quarter, pomology students completed evaluations of their experience. Results of these evaluations were used to improve teaching methodology and the experience in which the students participated. Self-reported and instructor evaluations of the service-learning project demonstrated that students increased their grafting knowledge and skills, their …
Preventative Fungicide Applications For Control Of Dollar Spot And Brown Patch On Creeping Bentgrass In Kansas, 2009, M Kennelly, C Thompson
Preventative Fungicide Applications For Control Of Dollar Spot And Brown Patch On Creeping Bentgrass In Kansas, 2009, M Kennelly, C Thompson
Horticulture and Crop Science
No abstract provided.
Preventative Fungicide Applications For Control Of Dollar Spot And Brown Patch On Creeping Bentgrass In Kansas, 2009, M Kennelly, C Thompson
Preventative Fungicide Applications For Control Of Dollar Spot And Brown Patch On Creeping Bentgrass In Kansas, 2009, M Kennelly, C Thompson
Horticulture and Crop Science
No abstract provided.
Biology And Parasitism Rates Of Pteromalus Nr. Myopitae (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), A Newly Discovered Parasitoid Of Olive Fruit Fly Bactrocera Oleae (Diptera: Tephritidae) In Coastal California, Therese Kapaun, Hannah Nadel, David H. Headrick, Larisa Vredevoe
Biology And Parasitism Rates Of Pteromalus Nr. Myopitae (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), A Newly Discovered Parasitoid Of Olive Fruit Fly Bactrocera Oleae (Diptera: Tephritidae) In Coastal California, Therese Kapaun, Hannah Nadel, David H. Headrick, Larisa Vredevoe
Horticulture and Crop Science
An undescribed wasp, Pteromalus nr. myopitae (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) opportunistically parasitizes the olive fruit fly Bactrocera oleae (Rossi) (Diptera: Tephritidae), an introduced pest of olives in California. The native or typical host of P. nr. myopitae is unknown. We demonstrate that P. nr. myopitae is a solitary, ectoparasitic, idiobiont parasitoid of the third instar host inside fruit, and pupation occurs in the host tunnel. Reproduction of P. nr. myopitae on B. oleae in olives in the laboratory and in field cages generally failed. Host-feeding was not observed, and adults fed honey and water lived longer than those provided with water alone. …
Novel Lepidopteran Sex Pheromone Components From Marmara Gulosa (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), J. Stephen Mcelfresh, Jardel A. Moreira, Elizabeth E. Grafton-Cardwell, David H. Headrick, John M. Heraty, Marta Guillen, Jocelyn G. Millar
Novel Lepidopteran Sex Pheromone Components From Marmara Gulosa (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), J. Stephen Mcelfresh, Jardel A. Moreira, Elizabeth E. Grafton-Cardwell, David H. Headrick, John M. Heraty, Marta Guillen, Jocelyn G. Millar
Horticulture and Crop Science
Marmara gulosa Guillén & Davis (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) is a sporadic pest of citrus and a number of other crops in southern and central California. Coupled gas chromatographic-electroantennogram detection analyses of headspace volatiles collected by solid phase microextraction from virgin female moths revealed at least four related compounds in the extracts that elicited significant antennal responses from antennae of male moths. These compounds were identified as (8E,10E)-tetradecadien-1-ol, and the corresponding aldehyde, acetate, and formate ester, representing the first report of a formate as a lepidopteran pheromone component. The four compounds were consistently found in headspace volatiles collected …
The Impact Of Outcrossing On Yields Of ‘Hass’ Avocado, Lauren C. Garner, Vanessa E.T.M. Ashworth, Michael T. Clegg, Carol J. Lovatt
The Impact Of Outcrossing On Yields Of ‘Hass’ Avocado, Lauren C. Garner, Vanessa E.T.M. Ashworth, Michael T. Clegg, Carol J. Lovatt
Horticulture and Crop Science
‘Hass’ avocado (Persea americana Mill.) is characterized by excessive flower and fruit abscission, resulting in extremely low fruit set. Low outcrossing rates might be a factor contributing to low yields. It is hypothesized that self-fertilized flowers and resulting fruit abscise at a much higher rate than fruit that are the product of outcrossing. However, significant relationships between outcrossing rates and yields have only been established in a few avocado studies. The objective of this research was to investigate the importance of outcrossing to yield in a commercial ‘Hass’ orchard containing ‘Bacon’, an effective pollinizer of ‘Hass’. Microsatellite markers were used …
Regulated Deficit Irrigation And Density Of Erythroneura Spp. (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) On Grape, Michael J. Costello
Regulated Deficit Irrigation And Density Of Erythroneura Spp. (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) On Grape, Michael J. Costello
Horticulture and Crop Science
This study looked at regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) on leafhoppers in the genus Erythroneura (Erythroneura elegantula Osborn, or western grape leafhopper, and Erythroneura variabilis Beamer) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), which are serious pests of cultivated grape (Vitis vinifera L.) in California. RDI is an irrigation strategy that reduces irrigation during a critical point in the phenology of a cultivated perennial crop, to improve vegetative balance and crop quality. Erythroneura spp. are known to respond negatively to vine water stress, and the second generation of leafhoppers begins during a potential RDI initiation period, between berry set and veraison (beginning of fruit …
The Relationship Between Flower And Fruit Abscission And Alternate Bearing Of ‘Hass’ Avocado, Lauren C. Garner, Carol J. Lovatt
The Relationship Between Flower And Fruit Abscission And Alternate Bearing Of ‘Hass’ Avocado, Lauren C. Garner, Carol J. Lovatt
Horticulture and Crop Science
Despite profuse flowering, ‘Hass’ avocado (Persea americana Mill.) yields are low because of excessive flower and fruit abscission. Whether the dynamics of flower and fruit abscission are influenced by or contribute to alternate bearing, the production of a heavy on-crop followed by a light off-crop that is characteristic of many avocado cultivars, remains unresolved. The objective of this research was to determine whether abscission of reproductive structures from ‘Hass’ avocado trees during specific developmental stages, including flowering, fruit development, and fruit maturity, was influenced by crop status of the current or preceding year. Abscised reproductive structures were collected from commercially …
Impact Of Sulfur On Density Of Tetranychus Pacificus (Acari: Tetranychidae) And Galendromus Occidentalis (Acari: Phytoseiidae) In A Central California Vineyard, Michael J. Costello
Impact Of Sulfur On Density Of Tetranychus Pacificus (Acari: Tetranychidae) And Galendromus Occidentalis (Acari: Phytoseiidae) In A Central California Vineyard, Michael J. Costello
Horticulture and Crop Science
Sulfur is the oldest and most widely used fungicide in the vineyards of California, where it is used for control of powdery mildew (Uncinula necator [Schw.] Burr). For decades, sulfur use has been associated with outbreaks of Tetranychus pacificus McGregor (Acari: Tetranychidae) on cultivated grapes in the San Joaquin Valley. I undertook large-scale field studies to test this association, to evaluate the impact of sulfur on Galendromus occidentalis (Nesbit) (Acari: Phytoseiidae), a major predator of T. pacificus, and to determine if timing of sulfur applications with respect to grape bloom has an impact on T. pacificus density. The …
Spontaneous Hybridization Between Maize And Teosinte, Norman C. Ellstrand, Lauren C. Garner, Subray Hedge, Roberto Guadagnuolo, Lesley Blancas
Spontaneous Hybridization Between Maize And Teosinte, Norman C. Ellstrand, Lauren C. Garner, Subray Hedge, Roberto Guadagnuolo, Lesley Blancas
Horticulture and Crop Science
The closest wild relatives of maize, Zea mays ssp. mays are various Zea taxa known as ‘‘teosinte.’’ Hybrids between maize and the teosinte taxon, Zea mays ssp. mexicana, often occur when the 2 are sympatric in Mexico. Measuring the spontaneous hybridization rate of the 2 taxa would shed light on the mechanisms contributing to the evolution and persistence of these hybrid swarms. We conducted a series of field experiments in Riverside, CA, to measure the natural hybridization rates between maize and 2 teosinte taxa, Z. m. ssp. mexicana and Zea mays ssp. parviglumis. We planted teosinte within and …
Day Vs. Night Sampling For Spiders In Grape Vineyards, Michael J. Costello, Kent M. Daane
Day Vs. Night Sampling For Spiders In Grape Vineyards, Michael J. Costello, Kent M. Daane
Horticulture and Crop Science
We compared day sampling (between 0700 and 1100) and night sampling (between 1900 and 2300) of spiders on grapevines in a California vineyard in 1993 and 1994, shaking spiders from the vines onto a drop cloth and vacuuming them up. Pooled density of the seven most abundant spider species did not differ significantly between day and night sampling, nor did density of Cheiracanthium inclusum (Miturgidae), Trachelas pacificus (Corrinidae), Oxyopes spp. (Oxyopidae) or Neoscona oaxacensis (Araneidae). Under day sampling Metaphidippus vitis (Salticidae) was 60% more abundant and Hololena nedra (Agelenidae) more than 2.5 fold more abundant than under night sampling. Daytime …
Spider And Leafhopper (Erythroneura Spp.) Response To Vineyard Ground Cover, Michael J. Costello, Kent M. Daane
Spider And Leafhopper (Erythroneura Spp.) Response To Vineyard Ground Cover, Michael J. Costello, Kent M. Daane
Horticulture and Crop Science
Ground cover is used in some vineyards to improve soil structure and help manage insect pests; previous studies have shown lower leafhopper (Erythroneura spp.) densities on vines grown with ground cover. We undertook a 2-yr study to determine why ground cover is associated with reduced leafhopper densities. Ground cover consisted of a fall-planted cover crop of purple vetch (Vicia benghalensis) and barley (Hordeum vulgare), which senesced in May and was replaced by a complex of resident vegetation comprised primarily of the grasses Echinochloa spp., Digitaria sanguinalis, and Setaria spp., as well as common knotweed …
Biological Control As A Tool For Ecosystem Management, David H. Headrick, Richard D. Goeden
Biological Control As A Tool For Ecosystem Management, David H. Headrick, Richard D. Goeden
Horticulture and Crop Science
Biological control is proposed as a tool useful for ecosystem management and compatible with the goals of often competing interests regarding the restoration and maintenance of ecosystems. We summarize the effects of introduced species on ecosystems in three broad groups: insects, vertebrates, and weeds. We then discuss the role of biological control for each of these groups in the context of ecosystem management and realistic outcomes. Of the three groups, we show that biological control of weeds appears to have the best chance for success in ecosystem management. We provide two case studies to support our ideas and finally discuss …
Fork-Tailed Katydid Studies, David H. Headrick
Fork-Tailed Katydid Studies, David H. Headrick
Horticulture and Crop Science
The fork-tailed katydid, Scudderia furcata Brunner (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) was considered a minor pest of citrus in California, but in the last few years has increasingly become a problem due to reduction in organophosphate and carbamate pesticides (Grafton-Cardwell 1999). Our objective is to study the biology and behavior of the fork-tailed katydid as a pest of commercially grown citrus in order to develop ecologically-based control methods for application in commercial citrus production.
Mechanical Conditioning Of Tomato Seedlings Improves Transplant Quality Without Deleterious Effects On Field Performance, Lauren C. Garner, Thomas Björkman
Mechanical Conditioning Of Tomato Seedlings Improves Transplant Quality Without Deleterious Effects On Field Performance, Lauren C. Garner, Thomas Björkman
Horticulture and Crop Science
Excessive stem elongation reduces plant survival in the field and hinders mechanical transplanting. Mechanical conditioning is an effective method for reducing stem elongation during transplant production. This investigation examined the consequences of mechanical conditioning, using brushing and impedance, on subsequent field performance of tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). Mechanically conditioned transplants of processing tomatoes resumed growth after transplant shock as quickly as did untreated plants, and subsequent canopy development was also equal. In 4 years of field trials, yield was not reduced by mechanical conditioning. Transplants for fresh-market tomatoes may be more sensitive to injury than those for processing tomatoes because …
Development And Reproduction Of A Population Of Eretmocerus Eremicus (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) On Bemisia Argentifolii (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae), David H. Headrick, Thomas S. Bellows, Jr., Thomas M. Perring
Development And Reproduction Of A Population Of Eretmocerus Eremicus (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) On Bemisia Argentifolii (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae), David H. Headrick, Thomas S. Bellows, Jr., Thomas M. Perring
Horticulture and Crop Science
Although the aphelinid parasitoid Eretmocerus eremicus Rose & Zolnerowich is the most abundant naturally occurring parasitoid of Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring in the U.S. desert southwest, its effectiveness in different cropping systems varies. Development and reproduction of a population of this parasitoid attacking B. argentifolii infesting cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., and sweet potato, Ipomoea batatas L., were quantified and compared. Females potato; there were no significant differences of these parameters between host plant species. A preoviposition period of 0.61 d was recorded, and a maximum number of eggs laid in a day was 69 on cotton and 13 on …
Reproductive Biology And Search Behavior Of Amitus Bennetti (Hymenoptera: Platygasteridae), A Parasitoid Of Bemisia Argentifolii (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae), Andrea L. Joyce, Thomas S. Bellows, Jr., David H. Headrick
Reproductive Biology And Search Behavior Of Amitus Bennetti (Hymenoptera: Platygasteridae), A Parasitoid Of Bemisia Argentifolii (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae), Andrea L. Joyce, Thomas S. Bellows, Jr., David H. Headrick
Horticulture and Crop Science
No abstract provided.
Abundance Of Spiders And Insect Predators On Grapes In Central California, Michael J. Costello, Kent M. Daane
Abundance Of Spiders And Insect Predators On Grapes In Central California, Michael J. Costello, Kent M. Daane
Horticulture and Crop Science
We compared the abundance of spiders and predaceous insects in five central California vineyards. Spiders constituted 98.1% of all predators collected. More than 90% of all spiders collected were from eight species of spiders, representing six families. Two theridiids (Theridion dilutum and T. melanurum) were the most abundant, followed by a miturgid (Cheiracanthium inclusum) and an agelinid (Hololena nedra). Predaceous insects comprised 1.6% of all predators collected, and were represented by six genera in five families. Nabis americoferis (Heteroptera, Nabidae) was the most common predaceous insect, with its densities highest late in the growing …
Can Cover Crops Reduce Leafhopper Abundance In Vineyards?, Kent M. Daane, Michael J. Costello
Can Cover Crops Reduce Leafhopper Abundance In Vineyards?, Kent M. Daane, Michael J. Costello
Horticulture and Crop Science
In 3 of 4 vineyards we studied, late-season leafhopper density was lower on vines in cover cropped plots than in plots with no cover crops. However, the level of leafhopper reduction (about 15%) was rarely economically important and the mechanisms leading to reduction were not clear. For example, there were few differences in the number of leaf hopper predators or parasitoids on the vines in cover cropped versus no cover plots. However, there were significant between-treatment differences in vine growth. Plots with seasonwide maintenance of a cover crop and resident grasses had a reduction in vine vigor. Lower vine vigor …
The Biology Of Nonfrugivorous Tephritid Fruit Flies, David H. Headrick, Richard D. Goeden
The Biology Of Nonfrugivorous Tephritid Fruit Flies, David H. Headrick, Richard D. Goeden
Horticulture and Crop Science
This review is the first comprehensive treatment of the biology of nonfrugivorous fruit flies of the family Tephritidae. Feeding habits of destructive and useful species, morphology of immature stages, and hypotheses regarding structural homology and the evolutionary biology of nonfrugivorous tephritids are reviewed, including zoogeography and theories involving resource heterogeneity, guild structure, resource partitioning, resource utilization, facultative niche exploitation, extrinsic and intrinsic factors, host associations, seasonal distribution and phenology, aggregative and circumnatal life history strategies, voltinism, diapause, aestivation, oviposition site, clutch size, and supernumerary oviposition.
Influence Of Ground Cover On Spider Populations In A Table Grape Vineyard, Michael J. Costello, Kent M. Daane
Influence Of Ground Cover On Spider Populations In A Table Grape Vineyard, Michael J. Costello, Kent M. Daane
Horticulture and Crop Science
1. Cover crops and/or resident ground vegetation have been used in California vineyards to increase the number of predators and decrease the number of pestiferous herbivores. The most common resident predators in vineyards are spiders (Araneae). Several observational studies suggest that the addition of cover crops results in an increase in spider density and a decrease in insect pest densities. 2. To test experimentally the effects of cover crops and/or resident ground vegetation (hereafter collectively referred to as ground cover) on spider populations, a 3-year study was undertaken in a commercial vineyard. Large, replicated plots were established with and without …