Life Sciences Commons^™

The Sulfur Microbial Diet And Risk Of Colorectal Cancer By Molecular Subtypes And Intratumoral Microbial Species In Adult Men, Daniel R. Sikavi, Long H. Nguyen, Koichiro Haruki, Tomotaka Ugai, Wenjie Ma, Dong D. Wang, Kelsey N. Thompson, Yan Yan, Tobyn Branck, Jeremy E. Wilkinson, Naohiko Akimoto, Rong Zhong, Mai Chan Lau, Kosuke Mima, Keisuke Kosumi, Teppei Morikawa, Eric B. Rimm, Wendy S. Garrett, Jacques Izard, Yin Cao, Mingyang Song, Curtis Huttenhower, Shuji Ogino, Andrew T. Chan

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

INTRODUCTION: We recently described the sulfur microbial diet, a pattern of intake associated with increased gut sulfur-metabolizing bacteria and incidence of distal colorectal cancer (CRC). We assessed whether this risk differed by CRC molecular subtypes or presence of intratumoral microbes involved in CRC pathogenesis (Fusobacterium nucleatum and Bifidobacterium spp.).

METHODS: We performed Cox proportional hazards modeling to examine the association between the sulfur microbial diet and incidence of overall and distal CRC by molecular and microbial subtype in the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (1986-2012).

RESULTS: We documented 1,264 incident CRC cases among 48,246 men, approximately 40% of whom had available …

Handling Of Spurious Sequences Affects The Outcome Of High-Throughput 16s Rrna Gene Amplicon Profiling, Sandra Reitmeier, Thomas C. A. Hitch, Nicole Treichel, Nikolaos Fikas, Bela Hausmann, Amanda E. Ramer-Tait, Klaus Neuhaus, David Berry, Dirk Haller, Ilias Lagkouvardos, Thomas Clavel

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing is a popular approach for studying microbiomes. However, some basic concepts have still not been investigated comprehensively. We studied the occurrence of spurious sequences using defined microbial communities based on data either from the literature or generated in three sequencing facilities and analyzed via both operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) approaches. OTU clustering and singleton removal, a commonly used approach, delivered approximately 50% (mock communities) to 80% (gnotobiotic mice) spurious taxa. The fraction of spurious taxa was generally lower based on ASV analysis, but varied depending on the gene region targeted …

Peanut Allergen Reaction Thresholds During Controlled Food Challenges In 2 Canadian Randomized Studies (Canada-Arm1 And Pisces), Derek K. Chu, Joseph L. Baumert, Steve L. Taylor, Julie A. Nordlee, Tina Nham, Jonathan Bramson, Sébastien La Vieille, Michael A. Abbott, Paul Spill, Andrea Marrin, Manel Jordana, Susan Waserman

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

In 2 randomized studies addressing peanut allergy (Canada-Food Allergy Risk Management 1 [NCT01812798] and Peanut Immunotherapy Starting in Canada, Evaluation and DiScovery [NCT0 1601522]), we quantified peanut allergen thresholds to food challenge using Bayesian stacked model averaging to inform policy and clinical practice. About 50% of patients tolerated more than 70 mg (~ ¼ peanut).

Overview Of The Microbiome Among Nurses Study (Micro-N) As An Example Of Prospective Characterization Of The Microbiome Within Cohort Studies, Christine Everett, Chengchen Li, Jeremy E. Wilkinson, Long H. Nguyen, Lauren J. Mciver, Kerry Ivey, Jacques Izard, Natalia Palacios, A. Heather Eliassen, Walter C. Willett, Alberto Ascherio, Qi Sun, Shelley S. Tworoger, Andrew T. Chan, Wendy S. Garrett, Curtis Huttenhower, Eric B. Rimm, Mingyang Song

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

A lack of prospective studies has been a major barrier for assessing the role of the microbiome in human health and disease on a population-wide scale. To address this significant knowledge gap, we have launched a large-scale collection targeting fecal and oral microbiome specimens from 20,000 women within the Nurses’ Health Study II cohort (the Microbiome Among Nurses study, or Micro-N). Leveraging the rich epidemiologic data that have been repeatedly collected from this cohort since 1989; the established biorepository of archived blood, urine, buccal cell, and tumor tissue specimens; the available genetic and biomarker data; the cohort’s ongoing follow-up; and …

Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis Niloticus) Fried In Recycled Palm Oil: Implications For Nutrition And Health, Aemiro Tadesse Zula, Derese Tamiru Desta, Mary S. Willis

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Fish constitutes a occasional food for the Sidama people of Hawassa, the capital city of Ethiopia’s Sidama Region and the site of a large endorheic lake. Freshly-caught fish, especially Nile tilapia or koroso in Local name, are typically fried prior to consumption. Despite the sensory qualities, fried foods are not always advisable due to the impact of frying on the nutritional quality of food. This study was designed to assess the nutritional quality of Nile tilapia that had been fried in the same palm oil over six consecutive frying cycles. The raw fish were purchased from the Lake Hawassa fish …

3d Printing Of Human Microbiome Constituents To Understand Spatial Relationships & Shape Parameters In Bacteriology, Jacques Izard, Teklu Kuru Gerbaba, Shara R.P. Yumul

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Effective laboratory and classroom demonstration of microbiome size and shape, diversity, and ecological relationships is hampered by a lack of high-resolution, easy-to-use, readily accessible physical or digital models for use in teaching. Three-dimensional (3D) representations are, overall, more effective in communicating visuospatial information, allowing for a better understanding of concepts not directly observable with the unaided eye. Published morphology descriptions and microscopy images were used as the basis for designing 3D digital models, scaled at 20,000×, using computer-aided design software (CAD) and generating printed models of bacteria on mass-market 3D printers. Sixteen models are presented, including rod-shaped, spiral, flask-like, vibroid, …

Composition Analysis And Antioxidant Activity Evaluation Of A High Purity Oligomeric Procyanidin Prepared From Sea Buckthorn By A Green Method, Yulian Zhu, Michael Yuen, Wenxia Li, Hywel Yuen, Min Wang, Deandrae Smith, Qiang Peng

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Procyanidin is an important polyphenol for its health-promoting properties, however, the study of procyanidin in sea buckthorn was limited. In this paper, sea buckthorn procyanidin (SBP) was obtained through a green isolation and enrichment technique with an extraction rate and purity of 9.1% and 91.5%. The structure of SBP was analyzed using Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–vis), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The results show that SBP is an oligomeric procyanidin, mainly composed of (􀀀 )-epicatechin gallate, procyanidin B, (+)-gallocatechin-(+)-catechin, and (+)-gallocatechin dimer. SBP showed superior scavenging capacity on free radicals. Furthermore, the cleaning rate of the ABTS …

A Representation Learning Model Based On Variational Inference And Graph Autoencoder For Predicting Lncrna‑Disease Associations, Zhuangwei Shi, Han Zhang, Chen Jin, Xiongwen Quan, Yanbin Yin

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Background: Numerous studies have demonstrated that long non-coding RNAs are related to plenty of human diseases. Therefore, it is crucial to predict potential lncRNAdisease associations for disease prognosis, diagnosis and therapy. Dozens of machine learning and deep learning algorithms have been adopted to this problem, yet it is still challenging to learn efficient low-dimensional representations from high-dimensional features of lncRNAs and diseases to predict unknown lncRNA-disease associations accurately. Results: We proposed an end-to-end model, VGAELDA, which integrates variational inference and graph autoencoders for lncRNA-disease associations prediction. VGAELDA contains two kinds of graph autoencoders. Variational graph autoencoders (VGAE) infer …

Bioactivity Of Cooked Standard And Enriched Whole Eggs From White Leghorn And Rhode Island Red In Exhibiting In-Vitro Antioxidant And Ace-Inhibitory Effects, Emerson Nolasco, Mike Naldrett, Sophie Alvarez, Philip E. Johnson, Kaustav Majumder

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Hen breed, diet enrichment, cooking methods, and gastrointestinal (GI) digestion modulates the bioaccessibility of the bioactive compounds in eggs, but their synergistic role in modulating bioactivity is still unclear. The present study evaluates the effect of hen breed, diet enrichment, and GI digestion on the cooked whole egg-derived peptides in-vitro antioxidant and antihypertensive activities. Standard and enriched whole eggs from White Leghorn (WLH) and Rhode Island Red (RIR) hens were boiled or fried and subjected to GI digestion. Antioxidant activity was measured through oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and gastrointestinal epithelial cell-based assays, and the antihypertensive capacity by in-vitro Angiotensin-I …

Comparative Analysis Of Long Noncoding Rnas In Angiosperms And Characterization Of Long Noncoding Rnas In Response To Heat Stress In Chinese Cabbage, Xiaoming Song, Jingjing Hu, Tong Wu, Qihang Yang, Xuehuan Feng, Hao Lin, Shuyan Feng, Chunlin Cui, Ying Yu, Rong Zhou, Ke Gong, Tong Yu, Qiaoying Pei, Nan Li

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are widely present in different species and play critical roles in response to abiotic stresses. However, the functions of lncRNAs in Chinese cabbage under heat stress remain unknown. Here, we first conducted a global comparative analysis of 247,242 lncRNAs among 37 species. The results indicated that lncRNAs were poorly conserved among different species, and only 960 lncRNAs were homologous to 524 miRNA precursors. We then carried out lncRNA sequencing for a genome-wide analysis of lncRNAs and their target genes in Chinese cabbage at different stages of heat treatment. In total, 18,253 lncRNAs were identified, of which …

Characterization Of Two Zygnema Strains (Zygnema Circumcarinatum Sag 698-1a And Sag 698-1b) And A Rapid Method To Estimate Nuclear Genome Size Of Zygnematophycean Green Algae, Xuehuan Feng, Andreas Holzinger, Charlotte Permann, Dirk Anderson, Yanbin Yin

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Zygnematophyceae green algae (ZGA) have been shown to be the closest relatives of land plants. Three nuclear genomes (Spirogloea muscicola, Mesotaenium endlicherianum, and Penium margaritaceum) of ZGA have been recently published, and more genomes are underway. Here we analyzed two Zygnema circumcarinatum strains SAG 698-1a (mating +) and SAG 698-1b (mating −) and found distinct cell sizes and other morphological differences. The molecular identities of the two strains were further investigated by sequencing their 18S rRNA, psaA and rbcL genes. These marker genes of SAG 698-1a were surprisingly much more similar to Z. cylindricum (SAG 698-2) than to SAG 698-1b. …

Metabolic Profiling Of Historical And Modern Wheat Cultivars Using Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Rachana Poudel, Fatema Bhinderwala, Martha Morton, Robert Powers, Devin J. Rose

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

To determine changes in the grain components between historical and modern wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars, wholemeal flours from 19 wheat cultivars and 2 landraces released or introduced between 1870 and 2013 and grown over two crop years were extracted using hydroalcoholic solution and analyzed using one dimensional 1H NMR spectral profiling. Grain yield, grain volume weight (GVW), and grain protein concentration were also measured. Grain yield increased while protein concentration decreased by release year (p < 0.001). Increasing trends (p < 0.01) were observed for tryptophan, sum of the measured amino acids, chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, vanillic acid, and sum of the measured phenolic acids. Grain yield, phenolic acids, and tryptophan were mainly associated with modern cultivars, whereas grain protein concentration and GVW were associated with historical cultivars. The findings from this study showed changes in concentration of grain components over a century of breeding that may have implications for grain quality and human health.

Temporal Dynamics Of Chronic Inflammation On The Cecal Microbiota In Il-10-/- Mice, Anne-Marie C. Overstreet, Amanda Ramer-Tait, Jan S. Suchodolski, Jesse M. Hostetter, Chong Wang, Albert E. Jergens, Gregory J. Phillips, Michael J. Wannemeuhler

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

The intestinal microbiota is a critical component of mucosal health as evidenced by the fact that alterations in the taxonomic composition of the gastrointestinal microbiota are associated with inflammatory bowel diseases. To better understand how the progression of inflammation impacts the composition of the gastrointestinal microbiota, we used culture independent taxonomic profiling to identify temporal changes in the cecal microbiota of C3Bir IL-10-/- mice concomitantly with the onset and progression of colitis. This analysis revealed that IL-10-/- mice displayed a biphasic progression in disease severity, as evidenced by histopathological scores and cytokine production. Beginning at 4 weeks of age, pro-inflammatory …

Impact Of Probiotic B. Infantis Evc001 Feeding In Premature Infants On The Gut Microbiome, Nosocomially Acquired Antibiotic Resistance, And Enteric Inflammation, Marielle Nguyen, Heaven Holdbrooks, Prasanthi Mishra, Maria A. Abrantes, Sherri Eskew, Mariajamiela Garma, Cyr-Geraurd Oca, Carrie Mcguckin, Cynthia B. Hein, Ryan D. Mitchell, Sufyan Kazi, Giorgio Casaburi, Heather K. Brown, Steven A. Frese, Bethany M. Henrick

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Background: Preterm birth is a major determinant of neonatal survival and morbidity, but the gut microbiome and associated enteric inflammation are also key factors in neonatal development and the risk of associated morbidities. We prospectively and longitudinally followed two cohorts of preterm infants, one of which was fed activated Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis (B. infantis) EVC001 8 × 109 CFU daily, and the other was not fed a probiotic. Hospital feeding protocol assigned all infants born at < 1500 g and/or < 32 weeks corrected gestational age to the probiotic feeding protocol, whereas infants born at > 1500 g and/or > 32 weeks corrected gestational age were not fed a probiotic. Fecal samples were opportunistically collected from 77 infants throughout the …

Metagenomic Insights Of The Infant Microbiome Community Structure And Function Across Multiple Sites In The United States, Giorgio Casaburi, Rebbeca M. Duar, Heather Brown, Ryan D. Mitchell, Sufyan Kazi, Stephanie Chew, Orla Cagney, Robin L. Flannery, Karl G. Sylvester, Steven A. Frese, Bethany M. Henrick, Samara L. Freeman

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

The gut microbiome plays an important role in early life, protecting newborns from enteric pathogens, promoting immune system development and providing key functions to the infant host. Currently, there are limited data to broadly assess the status of the US healthy infant gut microbiome. To address this gap, we performed a multi-state metagenomic survey and found high levels of bacteria associated with enteric inflammation (e.g. Escherichia, Klebsiella), antibiotic resistance genes, and signatures of dysbiosis, independent of location, age, and diet. Bifidobacterium were less abundant than generally expected and the species identified, including B. breve, B. longum and B. bifidum, had …

Effect Of High-Pressure Processing On The Microbial Load And Functionality Of Sugar-Cookie Dough, Luis Sabillón, Jayne E. Stratton, Devin Rose, Kent M. Eskridge, Andreia Bianchini

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Background and objectives: Refrigerated dough products have the potential to be a safety hazard to consumers because they could be consumed raw or undercooked. The objectives of this study were designed to evaluate the microbial and functionality changes in high pressured sugar-cookie dough as a function of a_w (0.80–0.87), pressure level (100–600 MPa), and holding time (1–6 min).

Findings: Endogenous microbial populations were marginally reduced (0.2–0.5 log CFU/g) by pressure treatments. However, treating the dough at 600 MPa for 6 min significantly reduced counts of inoculated Escherichia coli by as much as 2.0 log CFU/g. Increasing the a_{w …}

Host Identity And Geographic Location Significantly Affect Gastrointestinal Microbial Richness And Diversity In Western Lowland Gorillas (Gorilla Gorilla Gorilla) Under Human Care, Katrina Eschweiler, Jonathan B. Clayton, Anneke Moresco, Erin A. Mckenney, Larry J. Minter, Mallory J. Suhr Van Haute, William Gasper, Shivdeep Singh Hayer, Lifeng Zhu, Kathryn Cooper, Kimberly Ange-Van Heugten

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

The last few decades have seen an outpouring of gastrointestinal (GI) microbiome studies across diverse host species. Studies have ranged from assessments of GI microbial richness and diversity to classification of novel microbial lineages. Assessments of the “normal” state of the GI microbiome composition across multiple host species has gained increasing importance for distinguishing healthy versus diseased states. This study aimed to determine baselines and trends over time to establish “typical” patterns of GI microbial richness and diversity, as well as interindividual variation, in three populations of western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) under human care at three …

Development Of A Multiplex Real-Time Pcr Assay For Predicting Macrolide And Tetracycline Resistance Associated With Bacterial Pathogens Of Bovine Respiratory Disease, Enakshy Dutta, John Dustin Loy, Caitlyn A. Deal, Emily L. Wynn, Michael L. Clawson, Jennifer Clarke, Bing Wang

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is an emerging concern that may threaten both animal and public health. Rapid and accurate detection of AMR is essential for prudent drug therapy selection during BRD outbreaks. This study aimed to develop a multiplex quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assay (qPCR) to provide culture-independent information regarding the phenotypic AMR status of BRD cases and an alternative to the gold-standard, culture-dependent test. Bovine clinical samples (297 lung and 111 nasal) collected in Nebraska were subjected to qPCR quantification of macrolide (MAC) and tetracycline (TET) resistance genes and gold-standard determinations of AMR of …

Incidence Of Aflatoxins And Fumonisins In Grain, Masa And Corn Tortillas In Four Municipalities In The Department Of Lempira, Honduras, Jeimy Cabrera-Meraz, Luis Maldonado, Andreia Bianchini, Raúl Espinal

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

In Honduras, corn is the most important staple food for the majority of the population. This high-demand crop is susceptible to biological contamination with mycotoxins, which could represent a latent hazard for consumers. To assess the incidence of aflatoxins and fumonisins in grain, masa and tortilla, and the dietary exposure to these substances among consumers, a study was conducted in four municipalities in the department of Lempira. Total aflatoxin and fumonisin content were quantified by fluorometry in 144 samples from 48 farmers. Sixty five percent of the samples were contaminated with aflatoxins with levels of 1.28–32.05, 1.15 to 12.61, and …

Bovine Colostrum And Its Potential For Human Health And Nutrition, Aysenur Arslan, Merve Kaplan, Hatice Duman, Ayse Bayraktar, Melih Ertürk, Bethany M. Henrick, Steven A. Frese, Sercan Karav

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Colostrum is the first milk produced post-partum by mammals and is compositionally distinct from mature milk. Bovine colostrum has a long history of consumption by humans, and there have been a number of studies investigating its potential for applications in human nutrition and health. Extensive characterization of the constituent fractions has identified a wealth of potentially bioactive molecules, their potential for shaping neonatal development, and the potential for their application beyond the neonatal period. Proteins, fats, glycans, minerals, and vitamins are abundant in colostrum, and advances in dairy processing technologies have enabled the advancement of bovine colostrum from relative limitations …

Molecular Adaptation To Folivory And The Conservation Implications For Madagascar’S Lemurs, Elaine E. Guevara, Lydia K. Greene, Marina B. Blanco, Casey Farmer, Jeannin Ranaivonasy, Joelisoa Ratsirarson, Karine L. Mahefarisoa, Tsiky Rajaonarivelo, Hajanirina H. Rakotondrainibe, Randall E. Junge, Cathy V. Williams, Elodi Rambeloson, Hoby A. Rasoanaivo, Vololonirina Rahalinarivo, Laza H. Andrianandrianina, Jonathan B. Clayton, Ryan S. Rothman, Richard R. Lawler, Brenda J. Bradley, Anne D. Yoder

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

The lemurs of Madagascar include numerous species characterized by folivory across several families. Many extant lemuriform folivores exist in sympatry in Madagascar’s remaining forests. These species avoid feeding competition by adopting different dietary strategies within folivory, reflected in behavioral, morphological, and microbiota diversity across species. These conditions make lemurs an ideal study system for understanding adaptation to leaf-eating. Most folivorous lemurs are also highly endangered. The significance of folivory for conservation outlook is complex. Though generalist folivores may be relatively well equipped to survive habitat disturbance, specialist folivores occupying narrow dietary niches may be less resilient. Characterizing the genetic bases …

Prokevo: An Automated, Reproducible, And Scalable Framework For High-Throughput Bacterial Population Genomics Analyses, Natasha Pavlovikj, Joao Carlos Gomes-Neto, Jitender S. Deogun, Andrew K. Benson

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Whole Genome Sequence (WGS) data from bacterial species is used for a variety of applications ranging from basic microbiological research, diagnostics, and epidemiological surveillance. The availability of WGS data from hundreds of thousands of individual isolates of individual microbial species poses a tremendous opportunity for discovery and hypothesis-generating research into ecology and evolution of these microorganisms. Flexibility, scalability, and user-friendliness of existing pipelines for population-scale inquiry, however, limit applications of systematic, population-scale approaches. Here, we present ProkEvo, an automated, scalable, reproducible, and open-source framework for bacterial population genomics analyses using WGS data. ProkEvo was specifically developed to achieve the following …

Interspecies Variation In Hominid Gut Microbiota Controls Host Gene Regulation, Amanda L. Muehlbauer, Allison L. Richards, Adnan Alazizi, Michael B. Burns, Andres Gomez, Jonathan B. Clayton, Klara Petrzelkova, Camilla Cascardo, Justyna Resztak, Xiaoquan Wen, Roger Pique-Regi, Francesca Luca, Ran Blekhman

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

The gut microbiome exhibits extreme compositional variation between hominid hosts. However, it is unclear how this variation impacts host physiology across species and whether this effect can be mediated through microbial regulation of host gene expression in interacting epithelial cells. Here, we characterize the transcriptional response of human colonic epithelial cells in vitro to live microbial communities extracted from humans, chimpanzees, gorillas, and orangutans. We find that most host genes exhibit a conserved response, whereby they respond similarly to the four hominid microbiomes. However, hundreds of host genes exhibit a divergent response, whereby they respond only to microbiomes from specific …

The International Scientific Association For Probiotics And Prebiotics (Isapp) Consensus Statement On Fermented Foods, Maria L. Marco, Mary Ellen Sanders, Michael Gänzle, Marie Claire Arrieta, Paul D. Cotter, Luc De Vuyst, Colin Hill, Wilhelm Holzapfel, Sarah Lebeer, Dan Merenstein, Gregor Reid, Benjamin E. Wolfe, Robert Hutkins

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

An expert panel was convened in September 2019 by The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) to develop a definition for fermented foods and to describe their role in the human diet. Although these foods have been consumed for thousands of years, they are receiving increased attention among biologists, nutritionists, technologists, clinicians and consumers. Despite this interest, inconsistencies related to the use of the term ‘fermented’ led the panel to define fermented foods and beverages as “foods made through desired microbial growth and enzymatic conversions of food components”. This definition, encompassing the many varieties of fermented foods, is …

Time Of Harvest Affects United States-Grown Aronia Mitschurinii Berry Polyphenols, ◦Brix, And Acidity, Erica S. King, Junhyo Cho, Hengjing Li, Xueqi Jiang, Annika K. Madler, Mikala K. Weishair, Susan Glenn, Mark H. Brand, Changmou Xu, Bradley W. Bolling

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

The goal of this study was to determine how the date of harvest impacts the quality characteristics of Aronia mitschurinii (A. K. Skvortsov and Maitul.) ‘Viking’ and ‘Galicjanka’ berries. Aronia berries were collected from farms in the Midwestern and Northeastern United States over seven weeks of harvest during 2018, 2019 and 2020. The berries were analyzed for total phenol, anthocyanins, proanthocyanins, sugar, and acid. Aronia berry composition modestly deviated between each year of the study. Berries harvested in 2018 had the highest total phenols and proanthocyanidins, both increasing in content from weeks 1–5 from 15.90 ± 3.15–19.65 mg gallic acid …

Phospholipid R Ecovery From Sweet Whey And Whey Protein Concentrate: Use Of Electrodialysis With Bipolar Membrane Combined With A Dilution Factor As An Ecoefficient Method, Mélanie Faucher, Véronique Perreault, Ozan Nazim Ciftci, Sami Gaaloul, Laurent Bazinet

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Electrodialysis with bipolar membrane (EDBM) is promising to recover phospholipids (PLs) from sweet whey and whey protein concentrate (WPC), as it promotes lipoprotein complex formation following a decrease in pH and ionic strength. The aim of this work was to study the impact of dilution factor (without dilution, with a 2X, 4X and 6X dilution) after EDBM on the process performances. For both products, a 4X dilution, which cor- responds to a decrease in ionic strength of 81.4 ± 1.5 % for sweet whey and 79.4 ± 0.4 % for WPC, seemed sufficient to maximize lipoprotein complex formation as a …

Single-Dose Oral Challenges To Validate Eliciting Doses In Children With Cow’S Milk Allergy, Paul J. Turner, Yvonne M. D'Art, Bettina Duca, Sophia A. Chastell, Guadalupe Marco-Martin, Rosialzira N. Vera-Berrios, Olaya Alvarez, Raphaëlle Bazire, Pablo Rodríguez Del Río, Marta Vazquez-Ortiz, Joseph L. Baumert, Ronald Van Ree, Clare E.N. Mills, Montserrat Fernandez-Rivas, Jonathan O.B. Hourihane

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Background: There is increasing interest in the use of eliciting doses (EDs) to inform allergen risk management. The ED can be estimated from the distribution of threshold doses for allergic subjects undergoing food challenges within a specified population. Estimated ED₀₅ values for cow's milk (the dose expected to cause objective allergic symptoms in 5% of the milk-allergic population) range from 0.5 mg to 13.9 mg cow's milk protein. We undertook a single-dose challenge study to validate a predicted ED₀₅ for cow's milk of 0.5 mg protein.

Methods: Participants were recruited from 4 clinical centres. Predetermined criteria were used …

Editorial: Gluten, From Plant To Plate: Implications For People With Celiac Disease, Michelle Lisa Colgrave, Katharina Anne Scherf, Melanie Downs, Alberto Caminero

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Dietary Fiber Intake, The Gut Microbiome, And Chronic Systemic Inflammation In A Cohort Of Adult Men, Wenjie Ma, Long H. Nguyen, Mingyang Song, Dong D. Wang, Eric A. Franzosa, Yin Cao, Amit Joshi, David A. Drew, Raaj Mehta, Kerry L. Ivey, Lisa L. Strate, Edward L. Giovannucci, Jacques Izard, Wendy Garrett, Eric B. Rimm, Curtis Huttenhower, Andrew T. Chan

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Background: A higher intake of dietary fiber is associated with a decreased risk of chronic inflammatory diseases such as cardiovascular disease and inflammatory bowel disease. This may function in part due to abrogation of chronic systemic inflammation induced by factors such as dysbiotic gut communities. Data regarding the detailed influences of long-term and recent intake of differing dietary fiber sources on the human gut microbiome are lacking. Methods: In a cohort of 307 generally healthy men, we examined gut microbiomes, profiled by shotgun metagenomic and metatranscriptomic sequencing, and long-term and recent dietary fiber intake in relation to plasma …

Predicted Number Of Peanut-Allergic Patients Needed To Treat With Epicutaneous Immunotherapy (Epit) To Prevent One Allergic Reaction: A Novel Approach To Assessing Relevance, Benjamin C. Remington, Stef J. Koppelman, Todd D. Green, Gideon Lack, Graham Roberts, Dianne E. Campbell

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.