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Articles 1 - 15 of 15
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Effects Of Soil Silicon Amendment And Nitrogen Levels On Rice Insect Pest Complex, James Michael P. Villegas
Effects Of Soil Silicon Amendment And Nitrogen Levels On Rice Insect Pest Complex, James Michael P. Villegas
LSU Master's Theses
Rice plants are consistently subjected to various pressures by insect pests throughout the growing season. The main insect pest complex reported in Louisiana are the rice water weevil (major early-season insect pest), fall armyworm (sporadic early-season pest), sugarcane borer and rice stalk borer (long- established but sporadic stem boring pests), Mexican rice borer (an invasive stem-boring pest), and rice stink bug (major late-season pest). Soil silicon amendment has been shown to enhance plant resistance against herbivorous pests. Rice is a typical silicon-accumulating graminaceous crop. Field and greenhouse experiments were conducted from 2015 to 2017 to investigate the effects of soil …
Incorporation Of Biorationals And Trap Crop For Stink Bug Management In Soybeans, Kukuh Hernowo
Incorporation Of Biorationals And Trap Crop For Stink Bug Management In Soybeans, Kukuh Hernowo
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
Stink bugs are one of the most important seed sucking pests impacting soybean production in Louisiana. Exploration of chemicals that exhibit attraction or repellent activities toward this major pest would be beneficial to develop a push-pull strategy against this pest complex. Spinosad and neem are two commercially available natural insecticides that were claimed to have attractant and repellent activities against stink bugs. To test the potential of these chemicals, a series of experiments was conducted to investigate the olfactory, tactile, feeding, and oviposition preference of stink bugs toward different commercial spinosad products and neem. Additionally, two years of field experiments …
Ecology And Biology Of The Redbanded Stink Bug, Piezodorus Guildinii (Westwood) In Louisiana, Anup Bastola
Ecology And Biology Of The Redbanded Stink Bug, Piezodorus Guildinii (Westwood) In Louisiana, Anup Bastola
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
The redbanded stink bug, Piezodorus guildinii (Westwood) is an invasive stink bug species that was first documented as a soybean pest in Louisiana during the year 2000. This species continues to expand northward in the MidSouth but information is lacking on its biology and ecology in the U.S. In order to determine P. guildinii’s northern range, studies were designed to investigate the cold tolerance ability of this species. The mean supercooling points of adult P. guildinii ranged from highest -8.3 ± 0.2°C in March to the lowest of -11.0 ± 0.2°C in January. Evaluation of lethal exposure time …
Evaluation Of Winter Management Methods To Enhance Survival Of The Giant Salvinia Weevil, Cyrtobagous Salviniae, Lori Robyn Moshman
Evaluation Of Winter Management Methods To Enhance Survival Of The Giant Salvinia Weevil, Cyrtobagous Salviniae, Lori Robyn Moshman
LSU Master's Theses
Giant salvinia (Salvinia molesta Mitchell) is a noxious aquatic weed in the southeastern United States. Dense plant mats create ecological and economic consequences by displacing native species and impacting freshwater industries. Biological control programs using the salvinia weevil (Cyrtobagous salviniae Calder and Sands, Coleoptera: Curculionidae) have limited efficacy in giant salvinia’s northernmost range due to the weevil’s low cold tolerance and long-term establishment rates. Spunbonded polypropylene (SBP) fabrics and manipulation of plant density were evaluated as two strategies for managing giant salvinia mats during winter. Greenhouse, laboratory, and field experiments were conducted to determine the suitability of these …
Giant Salvinia, Salvinia Molesta (Salviniaceae): Evaluation Of Sub-Optimum Temperatures On Survival Of The Giant Salvinia Weevil, Cyrtobagous Salviniae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) And Integration Of Management Practices With Aquatic Herbicides, Lauren W. Cozad
LSU Master's Theses
Salvinia molesta is one of the world’s worst aquatic weeds and has cost Louisiana nearly $7 million worth of damage and economic impact each year. While aquatic herbicides and the biological control agent, Cyrtobagous salviniae, are the most efficacious control methods, there are limitations with each technology. Therefore, studies were conducted to evaluate insect mortality at upper and lower lethal temperatures and investigate integrated pest management (IPM) with insects and herbicides. Three Louisiana populations of C. salviniae were tested to evaluate cold tolerance and found that at 0°C, the Bayou Nicholas population was 1.3- and 1.4-times more cold tolerant …
Effects Of Elicitor Induced Host Plant Resistance On Lepidopteran Insecticide Efficacy, Abigail Cox
Effects Of Elicitor Induced Host Plant Resistance On Lepidopteran Insecticide Efficacy, Abigail Cox
LSU Master's Theses
Soybean looper (SBL), Chrysodeixis includens (Walker), is an important defoliating Lepidopteran pest of southern U.S. soybean and utilizes other agronomic crops and weeds as hosts. With increasing resistance to insecticides, alternative control strategies such as induced host plant resistance were evaluated against SBL. Jasmonic acid (JA) is an elicitor of host plant resistance, and was selected to determine its fit in an IPM plan for SBL. JA was applied to the top of meridic SBL diet and fed to SBL; no effects were found. JA applied as an exogenous elicitor to cotton, sweet potato, okra, cowpea, and soybean did result …
Occurrence And Phenology Of Polistine Wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) In Southern Louisiana, Scott Nacko
Occurrence And Phenology Of Polistine Wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) In Southern Louisiana, Scott Nacko
LSU Master's Theses
Phylogenetic studies suggest that historically all paper wasps (Vespidae: Polistinae) in North America have tropical origins. However, paper wasps have adapted to thrive in temperate conditions. Subtropical and temperate climates allow for a study of adaptive traits which can be retained or lost within populations, and ultimately help elucidate the process of social wasp evolution. Additionally, species occurrence patterns can help us to understand partitioning and resource use within populations. We investigated the occurrence and phenology of each Polistine species found at four sites in southern Louisiana around Baton Rouge, and also examined the occurrence and behavior of a closely …
Determining The Influence Of Imidacloprid And Glufosinate Ammonium On The Population Dynamics Of Twospotted Spider Mite Populations In Louisiana Cotton, Sebe Anthony Brown
Determining The Influence Of Imidacloprid And Glufosinate Ammonium On The Population Dynamics Of Twospotted Spider Mite Populations In Louisiana Cotton, Sebe Anthony Brown
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
Twospotted spider mites, Tetranychus urticae, is an important agricultural pest of many field crops worldwide. This study investigated the impacts of imidacloprid seed treatments on populations of twospotted spider mites while also investigating if exogenous applications of jasmonic acid can offset any hormone modulating effects caused by seed treatments. Imidacloprid seed treatments significantly increased cumulative adult mite days in 2013 but not 2015 or 2016 in the field. Applications of 10 millimolar jasmonic acid did not reduce mite severity or injury in all field trials. Imidacloprid seed treatments significantly increased all spider mite life stages in the laboratory while applications …
Evaluation Of Control Tactics For Management Of Sweetpotato Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Jie Chen
Evaluation Of Control Tactics For Management Of Sweetpotato Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Jie Chen
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
Sweetpotato weevil (SPW), Cylas formicarius elegantulus (Summer), is the most damaging root-feeding insect of sweetpotato, Ipomoea batatas L. (Lam), worldwide. The efficacy and compatibility of host plant resistance and insecticide control were evaluated in this dissertation. cv. Beauregard is the most susceptible cultivar for oviposition and offspring performance of SPW compared to cvs. Evangeline and Murasaki. The oviposition preference was shaped by the larval experience of SPW, providing evidence in support of the Hopkins’ Host-Plant Selection Principle. Although oviposition on cv. Murasaki was reduced, the egg capacity of SPW developed on cv. Murasaki was not decreased, indicating an adaptive behavior …
Termite Gut Microbes As Tools And Targets For Termite Control, Chinmay Vijay Tikhe
Termite Gut Microbes As Tools And Targets For Termite Control, Chinmay Vijay Tikhe
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
The Formosan subterranean termite (FST), Coptotermes formosanus, is an invasive urban pest in the United States. Colonies of the FST are dependent on the symbiotic gut protozoa for cellulose digestion in the workers’ guts, and the gut bacterial community is known to provide essential nutrients to the termite. The objectives of this PhD research were to develop and evaluate paratransgenesis and phage therapy for termite control. During this study, a termite gut bacterium: Trabulsiella odontotermitis was genetically engineered and was evaluated as a ‘Trojan horse’ for paratransgenesis. We proved that T. odontotermitis can tolerate 50 times more concentration of ligand-Hecate …
Cold Tolerance And Overwintering Physiology Of The Salvinia Weevil (Cyrtobagous Salviniae): Improving The Biological Control Of Giant Salvinia In Temperate Louisiana, Alana D. Russell
LSU Master's Theses
Cyrtobagous salviniae is widely used for biological control of Salvinia molesta. Despite success in tropical and subtropical regions, the effectiveness of C. salviniae on S. molesta is inconsistent in temperate regions, indicating the need for a better understanding of the thermal biology of this agent. The objectives of this study were to compare cold tolerance of C. salviniae populations from the temperate native range and Louisiana, and characterize the overwintering physiology and population dynamics of C. salviniae in Louisiana. Surveys of the Lower Paraná-Uruguay Delta resulted in the first record of C. salviniae in Uruguay, and revealed the most southern …
Biology And Ecology Of Crapemyrtle Bark Scale, Acanthococcus Lagerstroemiae (Kuwana) (Hemiptera: Eriococcidae), Zinan Wang
LSU Master's Theses
The crapemyrtle bark scale, Acanthococcus lagerstroemiae (Kuwana) (Hemiptera: Eriococcidae), is an exotic pest on crapemyrtles, Lagerstroemia spp. (Myrtales: Lythraceae). Because of its recent arrival in the US, little is known about its biology and ecology. The purpose of my thesis was to improve the knowledge about A. lagerstroemiae in four aspects involving its thermal tolerance, physiological adaptations to cold temperatures, temperature-dependent development and host range. Thermal tolerance was determined to understand how temperature extremes constrain the distribution of A. lagerstroemiae in the US. Results suggested that A. lagerstroemiae can tolerant high heat, but its potential distribution to the northern US …
Fitness Costs And Inheritance Of Bt Cry2ab2 Resistance In Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera Frugiperda (J.E. Smith), Binod Acharya
Fitness Costs And Inheritance Of Bt Cry2ab2 Resistance In Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera Frugiperda (J.E. Smith), Binod Acharya
LSU Master's Theses
Evolution of resistance in target pest populations is a major threat to the sustainability of transgenic crops expressing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) proteins. Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), is a cross-crop target pest of Bt corn, Bt cotton, and Bt soybean. This pest, thus far, is the only target pest species that has developed field resistance to Bt crops in multiple areas across countries. Cry2Ab2 is a common Bt protein expressed in transgenic corn and cotton targeting lepidopteran pests including S. frugiperda. The objective of this study was to characterize fitness costs and inheritance of Cry2Ab2 resistance in S. frugiperda. …
Susceptibility Of The Southern House Mosquito, Culex Quinquefasciatus, In East Baton Rouge Parish To Larval Insecticides, Nicholas Alexander Delisi
Susceptibility Of The Southern House Mosquito, Culex Quinquefasciatus, In East Baton Rouge Parish To Larval Insecticides, Nicholas Alexander Delisi
LSU Master's Theses
Mosquito control districts in Louisiana focus their efforts on Culex quinquefasciatus, the primary vector of West Nile virus in the southern United States, with rigorous larvicide treatments. However, the development of resistant populations of Cx. quinquefasciatus in response to extensive insecticide application has been demonstrated repeatedly. Examining changes in insecticide susceptibility and larvicide efficacy in real world scenarios can help inform mosquito control districts as to whether or not their treatments are killing mosquitoes. We hypothesized that frequent larvicide applications for the control of mosquitoes in East Baton Rouge Parish had lowered susceptibility of wild Cx. quinquefasciatus to insecticides, and …
Role Of Varietal Resistance In Managing The Rice Water Weevil, A Major Insect Pest Of Louisiana Rice, Maisarah Mohamad Saad
Role Of Varietal Resistance In Managing The Rice Water Weevil, A Major Insect Pest Of Louisiana Rice, Maisarah Mohamad Saad
LSU Master's Theses
Resistance of several commercial rice varieties widely grown in Louisiana was assessed against the rice water weevil (Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel), the major insect pest of rice in the United States. A five-year field study was conducted to identify resistant genotypes among conventional inbred, herbicide tolerant, conventional hybrid, and herbicide tolerant hybrid varieties. Resistance was evaluated in two different locations to enable selection of rice varieties with wide adaptability over diverse environments. There were no large differences in the resistance found amongst commercial rice varieties over the five-year field study. Jefferson was frequently found to support lower larval densities than other …