Life Sciences Commons^™

G86-792 Spiders, David L. Keith, Stephen D. Danielson, Timothy P. Miller

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide describes the most common species of spiders found in Nebraska, including the black widow and brown recluse, and how to control them.

General Description and Habits

Spiders can be distinguished easily from insects. All spiders have two major body regions and four pair of legs; insects have three body regions and three pair of legs. Spiders vary widely in color, shape, size, and habits. All produce venom that is poisonous to their normal prey. Few spiders are considered dangerous to humans, however. These animals are predacious by nature and use their venom, which is injected through hollow fangs …

G86-794 Enterotoxemia In Lambs, Dale M. Grotelueschen, Duane N. Rice

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide discusses the causes, clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention methods of this potentially fatal disease.

Enterotoxemia, which is also known as "overeating" or "pulpy kidney" disease, is a highly significant and costly disease problem for the sheep industry. Proper preventive practices are strongly recommended to sheep producers in order to avoid death loss from this disease.

The word "enterotoxemia" can be broken down into three parts that can be an aid in understanding the disease. The term "entero" refers to intestine; "tox" refers to toxin or poison; and "emia" refers to blood. Thus, from "intestinal toxin in the …

G86-797 Causes Of Vaccination-Immunization Failures In Livestock, Duane Rice, E. Denis Erickson, Dale Grotelueschen

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide discusses reasons why vaccinations fail to provide immunity against disease, and how to prevent this from happening.

To comprehend the many reasons for vaccine failure, it is important to understand how animals and humans have the ability to resist infectious diseases. It is also important to know what a disease is and how it affects the animal.

According to Stedman's Dictionary, disease is an interruption, cessation or disorder of body functions, systems or organs. Diseases may be obvious even to the untrained eye, or detectable only by sophisticated testing procedures (subclinical disease). Serious irreversible damage may be …

G86-819 At What Weight Should Holstein Heifers Freshen?, Jeffrey F. Keown

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This guide offers research findings on the appro-priate weights for Holstein heifer freshening and sug-gests producers be aware of economic considerations involved in heifer freshening.

Most producers realize that the weight of a heifer at freshening affects the amount of milk produced during the first lactation. Heifers not fed balanced nutritional diets before freshening will not produce at an optimum level since they do not have the body reserves to maintain peak produc-tion. Likewise, a heifer that freshens very heavy will not pro-duce as much as she should because she is too heavy. There must be a break-even point at …

G86-822 How To Estimate A Dairy Herd's Reproductive Losses, Jeffrey F. Keown

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Remedies for herd losses caused by calving interval, dry periods, A.I. performance, and age at first freshening.

One of the major areas of lost income to the dairy producer is in the reproductive performance of the dairy herd. These losses are often overlooked because they are indirect costs. If producers could be given a monthly bill indicating the amount of money that improper reproductive management has cost them, then drastic changes would occur.

The majority of reproductive losses occur in the following areas:

1. Calving interval too long or too short.

2. Dry period too long or too short.

3. …

Ec86-1538 Principal Stored Grain Insects

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This one-page extension circular displays pictures of the following grain insects: Granary weevil, Saw-toothed grain beetle, Red flour beetle, Larger cabinet beetle, Lesser grain borer, Rice weevil, Indian-meal moth, Cadelle, Flat grain beetle, and Angoumois grain moth. Some of these stored grain insects are also kitchen pests.

This publication was prepared by Extension Entomologists of the North Central States in cooperation with the Federal Extension Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Ec86-1548 Common Insect Pests Of Trees In The Great Plains, Mary Ellen Dix, Judith E. Pasek, Mark O. Harrell, Frederick P. Baxendale

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This publication was developed by entomologists on the Pest Management Task Force of the Great Plains Agricultural Council Forestry Committee to provide the public and professionals with information needed to identify and manage common insect pests of trees in the Great Plains. It is designed for those with no formal training in entomology and is not intended to summarize everything known about a particular insect.

Heg86-205 Sewing Ups And Downs: Placement Of Fabric And/Or Garment Pieces For Machine Sewing, Anna Marie White

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide describes how to position fabric and garment pieces during construction to facilitate sewing and achieve a more professional look.

Sewing, like much of life, has its ups and downs. Sewing ups and downs might be thought of as successes or frustrations, but the ups and downs referred to here are intended to prevent frustration at the sewing machine during garment construction.

G86-807 Where Do Weeds Come From?, John Furrer, Robert G. Wilson

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide discusses weed seed entry and loss from the soil, and provides examples of the density and diversity of the soil weed seed population. Weed Seed in the Soil Most weeds owe their beginning to seed in the soil. The soil acts as a seed storage reservoir and a growth medium for weedy plants. The kind or species and numbers of seed in the soil is closely linked to the cropping history of the land. Grasslands contain seed associated with grassland plants and cropland contains seed affiliated with weeds growing on cultivated land. Grasslands that have been cultivated and …

Ec86-107 Nebraska Proso Variety Tests, 1986, Lenis Alton Nelson

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This circular is a progress report of proso variety trials conducted by the Panhandle Research and Extension Center, High Plains Agricultural Laboratory, and Northwest Agricultural Laboratory. Conduct of experiments and publication of results is a joint effort of the Agricultural Research Division and the Cooperative Extension Service.

Ec86-1862 Nebraska Commercial Turfgrass Disease Control Guide For Profession Turfgrass Managers, John E. Watkins, Robert C. Shearman

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This extension circular contains four-color photos to help professional turfgrass managers identify the different turfgrass diseases in Nebraska. Tables are included that describe the disease, the common name of fungicides, trade names, and descriptions of how to control these diseases.

Ec86-1244 Vegetable Producction In Nebraska, Ralph E. Neild, Robert B. O'Keefe, David S. Nuland, Joseph O. Young

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Vegetable research at the University of Nebraska concerns studies of the culture, processing, mechanization of production and marketing of vegetable crops with the objective of increasing production, quality and use of crops and products process from them.

This circular presents a portion of results from investigations into the production, marketing and processing of vegetables in Nebraska. Information concerning climate, soil and water resources is presented and discussed. Also summarized are results from vegetable yield trials conducted at different locations in the state during the seven-year period 1960-66.

Ec86-2103 Safe Tractor Operations, Rollin D. Schnieder

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

No one deliberately has a tractor accident. Nevertheless, every year many farmers are killed or injured on, or because of, their tractors.

The causes of such accidents show that improper operation of the tractor or equipment accounts for the greatest percentage of accidents. Improper operation includes excessive speed, operating under the influence of alcohol and chasing cattle. Other accident causes are driving on too steep an incline and inexperience or immature drivers.

This extension circular contains safety hints on how to operate your farm equipment.

Ec86-1541 Corn Insects — Above Ground

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This 4-color extension circular was prepared by Extension entomologists of the North Central States in cooperation with the Federal Extension Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture. It shows the following corn insects:

1. European corn borer (early leaf feeding and mature borers)

2. Southwestern corn borer

3. Common stalk borer

4. Chinch bug

5. Corn earworm

6. Armyworm

7. Corn rootworm beetles (lefet to right: Northern, Western, and Southern)

8. Grasshopper

9. Corn leaf aphid

10. Corn flea beetle and damage

G86-773 How To Evaluate Grain Pricing Opportunities, Lynn H. Lutgen

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This is the last in a series of six NebGuides on agricultural options and discusses "homework" needed to evaluate pricing opportunities.

The market is an ever changing dynamic force. While we recognize this, we also realize that to do a good job of marketing, we must be able to evaluate our pricing opportunities. We must be able to evaluate what the market is offering quickly and efficiently. Evaluating pricing opportunities comes from time spent doing homework throughout the year. If we have done this homework, we can listen to the grain market reports (Chicago futures) on the radio and quickly …

G86-772 Using Options To Follow A Rising Market, Lynn H. Lutgen

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This is number five in a series of six NebGuides on Agricultural Options. It discusses how to use the options market effectively to protect us from our own emotions.

An interesting aspect of marketing is psychological. Many people make a mental decision to market grain when a specific price is reached. However, when the market begins to trend upward and hits that imaginary price level, the farmer previously facing low prices is 1) optimistic for even higher prices, and 2) wants to obtain the highest possible price to offset losses incurred during low prices. What generally happens is 1) no …

G86-796 Growing Degree Day Requirements And Freeze Risk As A Guide To Selecting And Planting Corn Hybrids, Ralph E. Neild

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide discusses the growing degree day requirements for Nebraska's four corn-growing regions, and how using these requirements can aid in planting date decisions.

Variations between locations, between seasons at a particular location, between planting times at a particular location and season, and between the requirements of different hybrids result in differences in the number of days it takes for corn to mature. These variations in days are all closely related to differences in temperatures when the corn is being grown.

G86-782 Distribution Of Crop Residue A Requirement For Conservation Tillage, John A. Smith

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide describes problems associated with inadequate distribution of crop residue behind the combine, and identifies techniques to obtain proper distribution.

Uniform distribution of crop residue during harvest is essential to the successful use of conservation tillage systems. Crop residue on the soil surface reduces soil erosion and conserves soil moisture. However, the residue must be properly managed to achieve these benefits. Uniform distribution behind the combine is an important part of this management. Large capacity combines equipped with 24- to 30-foot grain platforms and 8- to 12-row corn headers complicate residue distribution. When crop material is collected from a …

G86-803 Assessing Hail Damage To Corn, J.J. Vorst

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This publication examines how hail damages the corn plant, how the degree of damage can be determined and how the extent of yield loss is estimated.

In the U.S., approximately half of all hailstorms occur between March and May. These early storms are responsible for only minor corn yield losses, however, because the corn either has not yet been planted or is too small to be damaged significantly. Even when fields are severely damaged early in the growing season, they can often be replanted.

On the other hand, about a third of all hailstorms occur between June and September. These …

G86-812 Sorghum Yield Loss Due To Hail Damage, Charles A. Shapiro, T. A. Peterson

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide discusses the methods used by the hail insurance industry to assess yield loss due to hail damage in grain sorghum. A hailstorm can cause yield losses in sorghum ranging from slight to total. Research has been conducted to accurately predict the effects of hail damage on sorghum yields. Results from these studies are used by hail insurance companies to assess yield losses and determine adjustments paid to clients. Information in this NebGuide will acquaint producers with procedures used to assess sorghum hail damage. These procedures may also be useful in estimating crop yields wherever stand loss or defoliation …

G86-809 Ecofarming: No-Till Sorghum Following Ecofallow Corn Or Sorghum, Robert N. Klein, Gail A. Wicks

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide describes using no-till sorghum in ecofallow rotations, including hybrid selection, planting and weed control methods, fertilizing, and possible insect and disease problems. The ecofarming system using a winter wheat-ecofallow corn or sorghum-fallow rotation has increased corn and sorghum yields because more water is conserved by controlling weeds with herbicides than with tillage. The land is fallowed the year following corn or sorghum and planted to winter wheat in the fall. Often enough precipitation is received during winter and/or early spring that another crop of sorghum could be grown instead of fallowing and planting wheat. If about 2000 lb/A …

Heg86-208 Life Insurance Insights, Kathleen Prochaska-Cue

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This guide defines life insurance, its purpose, who needs it, types of policies and companies, how to choose the right insurance, and offers suggestions for policyholders.

Life insurance touches nearly every man, woman and child in the country. Every week of the year, people buy almost a million life insurance policies.

G86-810 Garden Compost (Revised February 1993), Don Steinegger, Donald E. Janssen

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide discusses the advantages of compost, the compost heap, ingredients, uses and instructions for making compost.

Compost is a mixture of partially decomposed plant material and other organic wastes. It is used in the garden to amend soil and fertilize plants.

G86-774 Western Corn Rootworom Soil Insecticide Treatment Decisions Based On Beetle Numbers, J. F. Witkowski, David L. Keith, Zb Mayo

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide describes how counting western corn rootworm beetles throughout the summer can be used to determine the need for insecticide applications the following spring.

Western corn rootworms are one of Nebraska's most serious insect pests of corn. Eggs laid in the soil from late July through September overwinter and begin hatching in late May or early June. Larvae feed on corn roots, causing plants to lodge, and may reduce grain yields. The greatest injury usually occurs from late June to mid-July, when all corn roots may be destroyed if infestations are heavy. Fully grown larvae pupate in the soil …

G86-795 Antibiotic Use In Animals, Duane N. Rice, E. Denis Erickson

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide provides general guidelines about some of the problems that can occur when using antibiotics in treating animals.

Antibiotics are frequently used, and misused, by animal owners in an attempt to remedy disease problems. This use is encouraged by drug company sales efforts, economic pressures, and easy access to the products.

Improper use of antibiotics is costly, detrimental, and may result in: 1) delayed diagnosis; 2) ineffectiveness; 3) toxicity (poisoning); 4) allergic reactions; and 5) drug residue contamination of food animal products.

After evaluating possible benefits and risks, determining whether or not to use antibiotics for treatment depends on …

Heg86-210 Being A 'Grand' Parent, Herbert G. Lingren

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This guide explores grandparenting, including the benefits derived from being a grandparent, suggestions on how to be a good grandparent, precautions to take when grandchildren come for a visit, and ways to have fun with grandchildren.

Grandparents Today

Approximately 75 percent of Americans over 65 have living grandchildren, according to a 1975 Harris poll. Most grandparents begin their role during middle age. The average age for becoming a grandmother is 46 and may be as early as 32. This means we need to set aside many outdated ideas about grandparent. They are active people. They do not necessarily get around …