Life Sciences Commons^™

Some Aspects Of Mercury Accumulation By The Purple Shore Crab Hemigrapsus Nudus Dana (Crustacea: Decapoda), Ralph Gene Swanson

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

The present study has attempted to investigate some of the more basic questions concerning the toxicity and accumulation of mercury in the purple shore crab, Hemigrapsus nudus. This rocky intertidal denizen is found in abundance along the entire Pacific coast of the United States from Sitka, Alaska, to the Gulf of California where it dominates the mid-tide pool region. Local specimens were collected just north of the Pacific Marine Stations, Dillon Beach, Marin County, California. The animal is hearty and can be kept in a state of good health for long periods of time in the laboratory with minimum care …

Biological Aspects Of Speciation In Three Sympatric Euzonus Species At Dillon Beach, California (Polychaeta: Opheliidae), Steven Rhoads Parke

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

In the present study, information concerning morphology, ecology, fertilization and larval development of three sympatric species of Eusonus is presented. Morphological similarities are reviewed in part I. These similarities correspond with significant lack of variation found in larval development (part IV). Despite these similarities, as well as the ability to cross fertilize their species, the ecological and reproductive isolating mechanisms presented in part II and II provide a positive indication of the existence of three biologically distinct species. A comparative discussion reviews the efficacy of morphological criteria in differentiating the three closely related Euzonus species.

A Study Of The Effects Of Changing Environmental Salinity Upon The Prolactin Cells In A Freshwater Teleost, Xiphophorus Maculatus (The Platyfish), Seymour Holtzman

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

No abstract provided.

Life History And Habits Of The Southwestern Pine Tip Moth, Rhyacionia Neomexicana (Dyar) (Lepidoptera: Olethreutidae), Daniel T. Jennings

Biology ETDs

Life history studies of Rhyacionia neomexicana (Dyar) were conducted in 1969-71 on the Dudley Burn, Chevelon Ranger District, Sitgreaves National Forest, Arizona. This univoltine species overwinters as pupae in cocoons attached to the root collars of Pinus ponderosa Laws. seedlings. Peak adult emergence occurs in April and is protandrous. Males are lured to virgin females by a sex pheromone. Male flight activity occurs at 2000-2400 hr. Dissections for spermatophores indicate that females mate only once. Eggs are deposited singly or in overlapping rows on the inner surfaces of needles near the fascicles. Oviposition sites occur predominantly in the upper three …

The Electrocardiogram During Rapid Transients In Electrolytes And Acid-Base Balance During And Following Exhaustive Exercise., Waneta Key Coester

Biology ETDs

Ten men worked on a bicycle ergometer at increasing work loads to exhaustion in 15 min. Each performed one test breathing air and another with added CO2 (Pico2=15 mmHg) in random sequence. The electrocardiogram was recorded at rest, during exercise and at regular intervals for 30 min of recovery. Arterial samples for blood gases, pH, electrolytes, total protein and hemoglobin were drawn at rest, in the last minute of exercise and at 1, 4, 10, 20 and 30 min thereafter. A striking increase in the amplitude of T-and P-waves was observed in the first two minutes after exercise. All electrolyte …

The Α-Glycerophosphate Cycle In Drosophila Melanogaster. Iii. Relative Viability Of "Null" Mutants At The Α-Glycerophosphate Dehydrogenase-1 Locus, Stephen J. O'Brien, Bruce Wallace, Ross J. Macintyre

Biology Faculty Articles

No abstract provided.

Cellular And Secretory Proteins Of The Salivary Glands Of Sciara Coprophila During The Larval-Pupal Transformation, Anita Cavagnaro Been, Ellen M. Rasch

Biological Sciences Faculty Research and Publications

The cellular and secretory proteins of the salivary gland of Sciara coprophila during the stages of the larval-pupal transformation were examined by electrophoresis in 0.6 mm sheets of polyacrylamide gel with both SDS-continuous and discontinuous buffer systems. After SDS-electrophoresis, all electrophoretograms of both reduced and nonreduced proteins from single glands stained with Coomassie brilliant blue revealed a pattern containing the same 25 bands during the stages of the larval-pupal transformation. With the staining procedures used in this study, qualitative increases and decreases were detected in existing proteins and enzymes. There was no evidence, however, for the appearance of new protein …

Spontaneous Mutation Rate In The Dumpy Region Of Drosophila, John B. Jenkins

Biology Faculty Works

No abstract provided.

Effects Of The Exogenous Hormone Cortisone Acetate On Drosophila Virilis Larvae, Margarita Midelfort

Bachelors’ Theses

Recent experiments published in the literature have questioned the importance of the appearance of chromosomal puffs during larval development in Dipterans since Sciara larvae fed the vertebrate hormone cortisone apparently show no puffs without impairment of normal development. We have used Drosophila virilis larvae to test these results because distinct morphological criteria can be used to assess the developmental age of third instar larvae and predict the appearance of a specific puff. We have found that even though ingestion of cortisone acetate by D. virilis larvae causes a marked delay in their development the chromosome puffs appear at the expected …

A Survey On The Incidence Of Salmonella In The Rio Grande And Irrigation Canals In Albuquerque, Claudio Antonio Dominguez

Biology ETDs

A nine months survey of fecal coliforms, fecal streptococcus, and salmonellae was made in the Rio Grande and adjacent canals. The survey was limited to the Albuquerque area from the Old Town Bridge on Central Ave. to the northern boundary of the Isleta Indian Reservation, south of the Rio Bravo Bridge. My study shows that the fecal coliforms and fecal streptococcus counts follow a seasonal pattern, being low in winter, increasing during spring, and reaching a peak in the summer. Salmonella enteritidis of several serotypes, Oranienburg, Derby, Give, Montevideo, Thomasville, Typhimurium, and Senftenberg, was isolated on nine different occasions. All …

The Paleontology Of Billfish - The State Of The Art, Harry L. Fierstine

Biological Sciences

The major osteological features are described for living billfishes. All billfish remains are reviewed critically and some questionable forms are placed in Xiphioidei Incertae Sedis (uncertain status). The remaining xiphioids are placed into three families: Istiophoridae, Xiphiidae, and Xiphiorhynchidae. A new undescribed xiphiid from Mississippi shows that the billfish lineages must have diverged prior to the Eocene. Areas of research are suggested that will help place the paleontological studies on a more secure foundation.

Effects Of Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors On The Activity Of Rat Myocardial Adenyl Cyclase, Garry Lee Degraaf

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

Ddt Inhibition Of (Na+, K+)-Activated Atpase In Gill Tissue Of Fundulus Heteroclitus, Nancy Mccutcheon Slate

Master's Theses

The DDT inhibition of (Na+, K+) - activated ATPase in gill preparations of the euryhaline teleost, Fundulus heteroclitus, was measured. The (Na+, K+) -activated ATPase was found to be sensitive to DDT, with 74.6% of the enzyme's specific activity inhibited by 20 ppm DDT. The (Mg++)-activated ATPase was also sensitive to inhibition bv DDT but not to the extent of the (Na+, K+) - activat ed ATPase . Due to previous work which showed that DDT antagonized valinomycin-induced K+ conductance in a synthetic membrane, the effect of K+ on DDT inhibition was examined kinetically. The Km for K+ in gill …

Isolation And Identification Of The Toxic Principle In The Tissues Of The Ectoproct Lophopodella Carteri (Hyatt), Donald Coleman Smith

Master's Theses

The tissue of Lophopodella carteri (Hyatt) was isolated, and the agent toxic to fish present in the tissues was extracted. A chloroform-soluble component and a water-soluble component were separated from the filtrate of the homogenized tissues. Each component was tested for toxicity. The chloroform-soluble component was found to be extremely toxic. The water-soluble component was originally non-toxic, but after several months of freezing and defrosting the tissue, this component became toxic.

The chloroform-soluble component was purified by thin-layer chromatography. Several lipid classes were obtained, of which one was toxic. This toxic class was further purified by thin-layer chromatography resulting in …

The Effects Of Estradiol And Thyroxine On The Plasma And Liver Proteins Of The Thyroidectomized Water Snake, Albert D. Morrongiello

Master's Theses

The effects of thyroidectomy, estradiol treatment, and thyroxine treatment on plasma and liver protein concentrations in the water snake, Natrix fasciata fasciata (Linnaeus, 1766), were investigated. There was a significant lowering of liver protein concentrations following thyroidectomy. This deficit could be replaced with thyroxine alone, but could not be replaced by treatment of thyroidectomized snakes with estradiol alone or with a combination of estradiol and thyroxine.

The plasma resolved into nine plasma proteins when electrophoresed in polyacrylamide gels. Although thyroidectomized snakes treated with estradiol only or a combination of estradiol and thyroxine showed enhancement in two protein fractions, the significance …

Experimental Production Of Duodenal Ulcers In Rats With Corresponding Changes In Gastric Secretory Patterns, James Ellis Dale

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

Rna Metabolism In Escherichia Coli During Bacteriophage T4 Infection, Amino Acid Starvation And Complete Inhibition Of Protein Synthesis, Elizabeth Anne Craig

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

Three classes of RNA are made in exponentially growing E. coli cells: messenger RNA (mRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and transfer RNA (tRNA). mRNA possesses the characteristics which were first proposed by Jacob and Monod (1961) as necessary for an intermediary in the transfer of information from DNA to protein.

The Distribution Of Meyenia Fluviatilis At Lincoln Beach Area Of Utah Lake With Notes On Seasonal Occurrence Of Gemmules, Chadwick E. Smith

Theses and Dissertations

This study of the distribution of the fresh-water sponge, Meyenia fluviatilis, at the Lincoln Beach area of Utah Lake involved the following: First, sampling of the area for the presence or absence of the species. Second, sampling at two separate areas at different depth intervals to determine if the number of sponge colonies and colony size were in any way related to depth. Finally, monthly sampling at one area to determine when gemmules of M. fluviatilis were present in the sponge colonies. Meyenia fluviatilis was found to be commonly distributed in 1-2 m of water on the lower surface of …

The Effects Of Channelization And Water Impoundment On The Macroinvertebrates In The Weber River, Summit County, Utah, Parley V. Winger

Theses and Dissertations

Macroinvertebrate populations in the Weber River, Summit County, Utah, were analyzed to determine what effects channelization resulting from Interstate-80 construction and water impoundment had on the standing crop, species diversity and species composition. Bottom samples were collected monthly from riffle areas in channeled and unchanneled sections and above Echo and Wanship Reservoirs. Macroinvertebrate populations in the channeled areas were similar in standing crop, species diversity and species composition to those in unchanged areas within six months following channelization. Species diversities were higher (d=4.1, 3.7) above the reservoirs than below (d=2.0). The reservoirs restricted the distribution of several species of macroinvertebrates. …

Studies On The Metabolism Of Inhaled ¹²⁴Sb In Dogs And Syrian Hamsters, Sharon A. Walker

Biology ETDs

Radioactive antimony is of biological interest because several of its isotopes are fission products and, therefore, represent a potential hazard in a nuclear accident. Also, workers may be exposed to antimony in its preparation for industrial use, and organic compounds of antimony are used to treat certain tropical diseases. This study was undertaken to determine the effect of some variables of chemical form on metabolism of inhaled ¹²⁴Sb in dogs and hamsters. Three dogs each were exposed to three aerosols formed from a ¹²⁴Sb-tartrate complex solution from which droplets were generated and passed through a heating column maintained …

The Use Of Low Frequency Sounds For Echoranging By Tadarida Macrotis, G. Michael Schum

Biology ETDs

A model of echoranging in bats is presented incorporating the parameters: pulse frequency, intensity, atmospheric attenuation, gain of a directional beaming pattern, gain of the pinnae, and hearing resolution. The range equation is simulated by carrying the above parameters within reasonable biological limits. The optimal set of parameters is predicted which will maximize the range of a bat’s echolocating system. Spectral analysis of the audible sounds emitted by free flying bats of the species Tadarida macrotis shows that these clicks are longer and louder than has previously been reported for similar low frequency modulated indicates that they are being used …

Urine Concentrating Ability, Kidney Structure And Drinking Water Dependence Of Insectivorous Bats., Kenneth N. Geluso

Biology ETDs

Urine concentrating ability and kidney structure were investigated in the following insectivorous bats of North America: Myotis lucifugus occultus, Myotis yumanensis, Myotis velifer incautus, Myotis auriculus, Myotis evotis, Myotis thysanodes, Myotis volans, Myotis californicus, Lasionycteris noctivagans, Pipistrellus hesperus, Eptesicus fuscus , Lasiurus cinereus, Euderma maculatum, Plecotus townsendii, Antrozous pallidus and Tadarida brasiliensis. Those species best able to conserve urinary water can survive solute load-water deprivation stresses at higher temperatures and lower water vapor pressures, have relatively longer loops of Henle and tend to live in more arid habitats than those species with relatively poor urine concentrating abilities .

Antrozous pallidus …

Reproduction And Ecology Of The Jemez Mountains Salamander, Plethodon Neomexicanus, Stephen R. Williams

Biology ETDs

Plethodon neomexicanus is a salamander endemic to the Jemez Mountains of New Mexico. Only about 10 localities are known, and in the study area one salamander occupies about 10 m².Adult females are significantly larger than adult males, and the sex ratio is about one for the entire active season which extends from early June to early October. Sexual maturity is reached after 2 to 3 years in males and after 3 years in females. The diurnal ecological maximum and minimum temperatures are 17.0 and 6.0 C, respectively, with an average habitat temperature of 12.2 C. Most of the …

The Role Of The Adrenal Gland In The Survival Of White Rats Subjected To The Parotid Toxin Of The Toad, Bufo Marinus, Mark A. Green

Master's Theses

Six groups of white labor atory rats were utilized in this experiment. A sham-operated group and an adrenalectomized group were used as controls. Four other groups were adrenalectomized and given replacement therapy of cortisone, deoxycorticosterone acetate, epinephrine, and norepinephrine. All groups were then given injections of toad toxin from the parotid glands of Bufo marinus. Their heart and breathing rates were recorded for 60 minutes.

All of the untreated adrenalectomized rats showed altered heart and breathing rates and were killed by the toxin. Cortisone and nor ­ epinephrine aided the adrenalectomiz ed rats to survive. but cortisone was the …

Spacing And Orientation Of The Siphons Of The Tunicate, Styela Plicata, Alfred Page Chestnut

Master's Theses

The spacing and orientation of sipons of Styela plicata (Lesueur)in swift and slow currents were examined. Within aggre­ crates, the siphons were spaced farther apart in slow currents than in swift currents. The siphons were not horizontally oriented but were vertically oriented in slow currents. The adaptive values of spacing and orientation under different currents are discussed.

Quantitative Growth Relationships Of Microcoleus Vaginatus (Gom.) Ex Drouet And Alcaligenes Sp. In A Sucrose-Salts Medium, James Rexford Brownell

Master's Theses

The blue-green alga, Microcoleus vaginatus (Gom.) ex Drouet 1968, and a bacterium, Alcaligenes sp., collected from the same habitat, were cultured together and separately in mineral salts media with and without sucrose. Growth of axenic M. vaginatus was stimulated by sucrose. In association with the bacterium in sucrose-containing media algal growth was suppressed, while in inorganic media it was stimulated. Factors involved in this algal-bacterial system probably included competition for the carbon source, changes in pH, and accumulation of cellular waste and lytic products.

An Electrophoretic Comparison Of The Gill Plasma Membrane Proteins Of Freshwater And Saltwater-Adapted Killifish, Fundulus Heteroclitus, Earl Dean Hammit

Master's Theses

A study was undertaken to compare proteins present in the gill membranes of freshwater and salt­ water adapted killifish, Fundulus heteroclitus. For this purpose, a method for the preparation or gill plasma membranes was developed. Polyacrylarnide gel electrophoresis indicated that the two types of gills possessed many membrane proteins in common. However, the freshwater adapted group possessed a single protein not found n the saltwater adapted group and the latter contained a protein not found in the freshwater adapted group.

Aspects Of Reproduction In Myotis Volans, Lasionycteris Noctivagans, And Lasiurus Cinereus, Jay Dee Druecker

Biology ETDs

The reproductive cycles of Myotis volans, Lasionycteris noctivagans, and Lasiurus cinereus were investigated by examining representative sections of testes and epididymides from 254 males and serially sectioned reproductive tracts of 99 females. Specimens were collected primarily in New Mexico from late March through early October. Spermatogenesis begins in August in M. volans, October in L. noctivagans, and sometime after late September in L. cinereus. Apparently gonadotrophic secretion continues in M. volans until at least the onset of hibernation as numerous mitotic figures, small spermatogonia, and/or a few primary spermatocytes appeared in some males from September and October. During the winter, …

Food And Feeding Habits Of The Rio Grande Mountain-Sucker, Pantosteus Plebeius (Baird And Girard), James A. White

Biology ETDs

The initial purpose of this work was to study the rela­tionship between Pantosteus plebeius (Baird and Girard), the Rio Grande mountain-sucker, and Catostomus commersoni (Lacépède ), the common white sucker, in Jemez Creek drainage, Sandoval County, New Mexico. Because insufficient informa­tion on Catostomus commersoni could be obtained, the food and feeding habits of Pantosteus plebeius were studied as an al­ternative.

Mountain-suckers were captured and observed in Jemez Creek drainage. The intestinal contents of 145 specimens were ex­amined in detail. The intestinal contents of other specimens were examined cursorily.

Pantosteus plebeius are omnivorous and they use a pair of cartilaginous jaw …

A North Temperate Bat Community: Structure And Prey Populations, Hal L. Black

Biology ETDs

Food habits and food partitioning were investigated in a North Temperate insectivorous bat community. Analysis of fecal pellets showed that all species of bats utilized moths and most species utilized beetles. There appears to be differential utilization of these two prey items. Six species of bats are moth strategists and four species are beetle strategists. In one species, Eptesicus fuscus, changes in food selection is correlated with changes in food abundance.

Food habits are discussed in relation to various parameters of the prey populations, i.e., abundance, activity, and length class diversity. Habitat partitioning is discussed in relation to type of …