Life Sciences Commons^™

End Matter, Vol. 2, Index

Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs

No abstract provided.

Producing 20-Month Old Beef Steers Off Annual Pasture, K D. Greathead, D. J. Barker, W. J. Ryan

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

A recent Mt Barker experiment compared two systems of fodder conservation with continuous grazing, using two types of steers, at three stocking rates. Year-round performance, carcass composition, and resulting costs and returns per hectare were assessed.

Production per hectare was greatest from crossbred steers at the intermediate stocking rate with either type of fodder conservation.

Rejections Of Sheep And Lamb Carcasses Are Costly, R H. Wroth, R. J. Suiter

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

A 1976 survey of more than 48 000 sheep and 25 000 lambs slaughtered at two of Western Australia's export abattoirs has indicated a high rejection rate for W.A. carcasses. Rejections may be for disfiguring, blemishes requiring trimming or for diseases which can lead to condemnation.

Savings that producers can make by simple management changes, could thus save the industry $3.12 million a year. Reduction in other causes of rejection or further reduction in some of those mentioned id feasible but requires more research and may be more difficult to achieve.

The Autumn Feed Problem In Beef Cattle Management, D J. Barker, P. J. May

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

In south-western Australia all grazing stock face a period of 'inadequate' nutrition each autumn.

The Department of Agriculture's beef production research programme has for some years sought solutions to this problem, and the results from the programme have been used to develop strategies for achieving satisfactory production levels at least cost during autumn.

This article discusses the resulting techniques, and the research on which they are based.

Buying Veterinary Products : Read The Label First, G A L Ward

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Chenicals for animal health, and processed feeds must be registered and labelled.

Registration is intended to insure that products are effective for the purpose they are sold, and safe when used according to instructions.

It is important to read the lable to understand the correct use of the product.

The Effects Of Dieldrin On Chickens, Sondra Severson

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

In this study, insecticide residues in chicken eggs, livers, and fats were monitored in a flock of chickens for seventy-nine days. The test group was fed dieldrin in their drinking water for eighteen days and then was returned to normal water for forty-two more days. The sacrificed birds of the test group showed a 0.39 ppm average increase in dieldrin residue in the eggs, 0 .14 ppm in the livers and 9.54ppm in the fats when compared with the control eggs. livers and fats respectively. The I-test calculations showed these results to be significant.

Observations of the embryos from the …

Vasectomization & Colloidal Particle Uptake By Cells Of The Caput Epididymis, Gaylan Smith, Wayne A. Becker

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

India ink was injected into the rete testes of 15 male mice and 15 male rats. The progress of the particulate matter through the epididymis was examined by histological methods at intervals from 4 to 24 hours. Preliminary observations suggest that vasectomization does not alter the ability of the proximal caput epididymis to absorb particulate matter.

Fish Species, Some Uncommon, Collected From The Lower Minnesota River, Daniel B. Wilcox, Bruce D. Lorenz, Vincent Kranz

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

Fish collections were made in the lower Minnesota River in the vicinity of the Black Dog Generating Plant and at the intake structure of the plant from April, 1976, to April, 1977 as part of a section 316(b) demonstration study. Composition of the fish community of the area is reported along with notes on several species whose occurrence was considered unusual . New information on the occurrence of river carpsucker (Carpiodes carpio Rafinesque) and river darter (Percina shumardi, Girard) to the Minnesota River is also presented.

Crutching Cradles Can Work Well, N M. Marney, R. A. Mills

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Crutching cradles allow successful do-it-yourself crutching if a continuous flow of sheep can be maintained. This article describes some units available and discusses costs.

Low Cost Fencing, Department Of Agriculture, Western Australia

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Fences with more wire and posts are not necessarily stronger.

Design using high tensile wire can save on materials and reduce costs.

New Policy Hits Hard At Sheep Lice, F C. Wilkinson

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

In March 1977 the regulation requiring compulsory routine dipping of all sheep within 30 days of shearing changed, and only infested flocks were required to be dipped. This change has allowed concentrated eradication efforts.

Loss Of Larval Fish By Epilimnial Discharge From Degray Lake, Arkansas, Thomas E. Moen, Michael R. Dewey

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Weekly samples of larval fish were collected from water discharged from the epilimnion of DeGray Lake into the tailwaters, for power generation, from April through August, 1976 and 1977. Peak rates of loss measured were 1.4 larvae/m³ in May, 1976 and 2.7/m³ in April, 1977. Sunfish, shad and crappie made up 97% of an estimated 83.3 million fish lost in 1976, and 98% of 122.4 million lost in 1977. The most critical period for larval fish loss extended from the last week of April to the first week of June. No definite relationships were noted between length of the power …

The Evaluation Of Virginiamycin In Feed As A Treatment For Swine Dysentery In Heavy (More Than 120 Lbs.) Hogs (1978), D A. Schoneweis

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Virginiamycin at 100 grams per ton of feed was effective as a treatment against swine dysentery. The only pig receiving Virginiamycin that died during treatment had concurrent gangrenous pneumonia --probably the major cause of death. The pigs receiving the feed with Virginiamycin were more alert and ate more than the controls--which resulted in more weight gain and improved feed conversion. The Virginiarnycin did not clear up all signs of dysentery as several pigs continued to have diarrhea. Pigs that had been on Virginiamycin began to break with dysentery six days after the antibiotic was withdrawn and a pig weighing 234 …

Myoclonia Congenita (Trembling Piglets) (1978), H W. Leipold, R Scarsi, D Schoneweis, R Milleret, R Phillips

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

An epidemiologic survey was conducted on ten swine farms in Kansas and two in Nebraska (1878 piglets in 251 litters) to determine the incidence, clinical signs, and cause of myoclonia corrgenita. The percentage of litters with myoclonia congenita was 37.45%, ranging from 4.35% to 100%. Morbidity rate was 37.5%, which is lower than rates in previous surveys in the United States. Mortality rate in all pigs was 17.73% while the fatality rate of affected pigs was 47.2%.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 9, 1978

Arthrogryposis In Piglets (1978), H W. Leipold, R Ely, D Schoneweis

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

This report documents experimental reproduction of tetramelic arthrogryposis in purebred Yorkshire swine by breeding trials. Data from the trials indigated arthrogryposis may be due to homozygosity of a simple autosomal recessive gene. No affected pig was observed to be alive at parturition, although most had been alive in utero just prior to delivery. Other than dystocia observed in the sows, no other significant clinical findings were noted. The condition was noted in five litters from two sows which were bred to the same boar. Approximately 25% of the pigs exhibited the clinical signs of arthrogryposis which included malformed rigidly extended …

Evaporative Cooling Systems For Swine (1978), D R. Ames, David A. Nichols, Robert H. Hines

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

During heat stress swine must rely an evaporation as a mechanism for heat loss. Providing water via sprinklers, showers, and foggers is a practical method of reducing heat stress. It is imperative in any evaporative system that animals are permitted to dry, because the evaporation of water is fundamental to evaporative cooling. Ideally, hogs should be wetted and then given time to dry, followed by successive wetting and drying. Studies are under way to investigate various systems of wetting hogs to take maximum advantage of evaporative cooling.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 9, 1978

Effect Of Adding Fat To Diets During Late Gestation And Lactation (1978), G L. Allee, J Salava

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Recent research at the University of Nebraska suggest that feeding sows high level of fat (15-20%) during late gestation and lactation may increase energy stores in the newborn pig and increase their survival. Adding fat to sows diets increases the fat content of the milk and therefore increases its energy content. The present studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of feeding 6% fat to sows and gilts during late gestation and lactation on pig survival and performance from birth to weaning (14 or 21 days).; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 9, 1978

Evaluation Of A Concentrated Milk Replacer And A Vitamin-Amino Acid-Iron-Electrolyte Supplement On Baby Pig Survival And Performance (1978), D A. Schoneweis, Robert H. Hines

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Litters offered a concentrated milk replacer and the vitamin amino acid, iron-electrolyte supplement, weighed the same as control litters at day 10, 14, 21, and 28. Blood analysis revealed no difference in packed cell volume, hemoglobin, or plasma protein between litters offered the supplement and control litters. Survival rate from birth to weaning favored the control litters (93.9 or 85.3%), however all nineteen litters used in this study were healthy with very little scours observed.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 9, 1978

Managing The Breeding Herd (1978), Duane L. Davis

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Successful swine producers pay careful attention to the breeding herd. The members of our producer panel will present three approaches to managing reproduction. Their ideas are of particular interest since each is a successful manager. This paper will serve as an outline of topics to be discussed. Basically the same problems occur in all common management systems; however, particular problems may be exaggerated under certain conditions. A well-known example is failure of gilts to reach puberty at an acceptable age. While some producers in all types of facilities experience this problem, complaints are considerably more frequent when gilts are bred …

Using Oral E. Coli Milk Vaccine To Control Colibacillosis (1978), D A. Schoneweis, V Gaeth

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Colibacillosis is still a costly disease to swine producers in spite of new antibiotics and other products and procedures used to prevent or treat the disease. A recent aid in controlling the disease is the oral E. coli milk vaccine developed by Dr. Irvin Kohler. It consists of isolating a pathogenic E. coli from the herd and feeding the organism to pregnant sows to stimulate colostral antibodies. It is a giant step forward from the earlier recommendation of the late Dr. Howard Dunne who suggested taking the bedding and feces from the farrowing house and feeding it to pregnant sows …

Modification Of Ksu Swine Finishing Facility Hovers, Floors, Or Supplemental Heat (1978), B A. Koch, G L. Allee, Robert H. Hines

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two trials were conducted to evaluate the benefits of modifying the KSU swine finishing barn by adding hovers, flooring, or both with and without supplemental heat. In trial 1, pigs with no supplemental heat, hover or floor gained significantly poorer than pigs with supplemental heat plus floor, supplemental heat plus hover and floor, or no heat and floor. Pigs with no heat but with hover, floor or both gained similarly with pigs having the benefit of supplemental heat plus modifications. Average daily gain and feed per lb gain were similar for pigs exposed to supplemental heat and those exposed to …

Evaluation Of Various Antibiotics On Growth Rate And Feed Efficiency Of Finishing Pigs (1978), G L. Allee, M Noll

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

We used 150 Yorkshire finishing pigs averaging 120 lbs initially to evaluate the following antibotics: Tylan, Stafac, Oleandomycin, and Flavomycin on rate and efficiency of gain. The trial ended when pigs within a replicate averaged approximately 220 lbs. There were no significant differences in rate or efficiency of gain by pigs fed nonmedicated or medicated diets.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 9, 1978

Effects Of Feeding A Heat Processed, Predigested Liquid Diet To Three-Week Old Weanling Pigs (1978), S F. Binder, E R. Skoch, C W. Deyoe, G L. Allee, Keith C. Behnke

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

One hundred forty, three-week old weanling pigs were used to evaluate the effects of feeding a heat-processed, predigested liquid diet. In Trial I, pigs were randomly allotted to a dry crumbled diet or a processed liquid diet. The basal corn-soybean meal diet contained 20% protein. A preference trial and a digestion trial were also conducted using the same treatments. A second feeding trial was conducted using a basal diet which contained 30% whey. Treatments consisted of a dry meal diet, a dry meal + water diet, and a processed liquid diet.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 9, 1978

Effect Of Fat Thickness And Temperature On Adg And F/G Ratio In Finishing Swine (1978), David A. Nichols, D R. Ames, G L. Allee, Robert H. Hines

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Fat and lean pigs were observed at temperatures of 0(32F), 5(41F), 10(50F), 15(59F), and 20C(68F). In comparing fat and lean pigs no significant differences were observed in feed-to-gain ratio or average daily gain. Pigs housed at 32 and 41F gained significantly slower and less efficiently than those housed at 50, 59, or 68F. No differences in performance were observed among the last three groups. Increased huddling, longer hair coats and increased shivering were observed at the lower temperatures.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 9, 1978

Effect Of Age And Type Of Testosterone Treatment On Cows Used For Heat Detection, G.N. Laaser, G.H. Kiracofe, M.D. Heekin, H.S. Ward, Kenneth G. Odde

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Twelve cows were given a preliminary treatment of testosterone proprionate and were used to help us detect other cows in heat. We used two types of testosterone booster treatments to maintain male sex behavior in both age groups of cows. Two cows from each treatment or age group were paired and placed with 40 or 60 cows for 30 to 50 days. Two hundred forty-nine cows were observed in heat and 240 (96.4%) were marked by the detector cows. In this experiment, testosterone proprionate boosters maintained cows as heat detectors more effectively than testosterone enanthate boosters.

Sources Of Forage Adjusted To Temperature Changes For Wintering Cows In Drylot, M. Mckee, K. Kimple, D.R. Ames, C.L. Willms, L.R. Corah

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Cows in mid-to-late gestation gained weight when fed either milo stover silage or alfalfa hay-wheat straw but lost weight when the forage source was milo-stover bales. When supplemented with additional corn grain as temperature decreased, cows receiving milo stover stilage or alfalfa hay-wheat straw gained more eight, and cows receiving milo stover bales lost less weight than cows receiving the same forages but fed to NRC (1976) requirements.

Fate Of Calcium Crystals In Alfalfa Fed To Cattle, L.H. Harbers, G.M. Ward

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Calcium crystals were located in parallel rows surrounding vascular bundles in alfalfa leaves and under the epidermis of alfalfa stems. The crystals remain intact on vascular bundles in the rumen. Most crystals are dislodged in fecal matter, and free crystals can be recovered. These data support previous work here showing that calcium from alfalfa may be less available to ruminants than previously thought.

Evaluating The Breeding Potential Of Yearling Bulls (Progress Report), L. Corah, G. Kiracofe, V. Bridson, M. Mckee, R.R. Schalles

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Although this is based on only ones years' results, it indicates that the breeding potential of yearling bulls can be determined before they are run with a cow herd. In this test one bull sired the majority of the calves and generally was the bull predetermined to be the active breeder. Results of the test suggest that a good, active, breeding yearling bull is capable of breeding more than 12 to 15 cows as is normally recommended. In our studies, one yearling bull sired up to 36 calves in a 45-day breeding season. Possible adverse effects of using a yearling …

Effect Of Post-Partum Breeding Interval On Conception Rates In Beef Cows, G.H. Kiracofe, Kenneth G. Odde

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

We analyzed date on 1536 fall calving Angus cows to determine the effect of post-partum breeding interval on conception rates in beef cows. Normal fertility was observed for cows showing heat 40 or more days post-partum.

Effect Of Energy Level During Late Gestation On The Performance Of Heifers Calving For The First Time (3 Year Summary), L.R. Corah, A. Fleck, M. Mckee, R.R. Schalles

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Effect of varying energy levels fed during gestation on reproduction and calf performance were studied in three trials involving 266 first calf heifers. Reducing energy during mid-gestation did not adversely affect the performance of the heifers when they were fed properly for at least 50 days before calving. Heifers on restricted levels of energy during mid-gestation and then elevated tended to have both higher first-service conception rates and total conception rates. Restricting energy throughout the gestation period reduced reproductive performance, causing lighter calves at birth and weaning emphasizing the importance of energy in the diet of first calf heifers.