Life Sciences Commons^™

Zelnate On Arrival Could Decrease The Likelihood Of Subsequent Pulls In Suspect Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex Cases, T. Spore, S. P. Montgomery, G. A. Hanzlicek, W. R. Hollenbeck, R. N. Wahl, J. E. Sears, Dale Blasi

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Antimicrobial metaphylaxis is an important tool used for the prevention of Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex; a disease with a large economic impact that typically affects newly-weaned beef calves that are marketed and transported a distance from their origin.

There are questions involving the potential benefit of Zelnate, a novel non-antibiotic technology designed to activate an animal’s natural immunity to fight Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex, being used either solely or in combination with metaphylaxis at the time of initial processing of high risk calves. More knowledge is also needed regarding the possible effects of repeated use of Zelnate when subsequent therapy …

Supplemental Zinc Sulfate Interacts With Optaflexx In Feedlot Heifers, C. L. Van Bibber-Krueger, R. G. Amachawadi, H. M. Scott, J. M. Gonzalez, J. S. Drouillard

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Optaflexx is a beta-adrenergic agonist, and is fed to cattle during the final 28 to 42 days on feed to improve growth rate and feed efficiency. Beta-adrenergic agonists are repartitioning agents that stimulate muscle deposition at the expense of fat deposition. Zinc is a trace mineral element that functions as an important component of many enzyme systems, including those associated with nucleic acid synthesis and metabolism of proteins and carbohydrates, thus making it an essential nutrient for growth. The purpose of this study was to evaluate growth, carcass characteristics, and plasma urea nitrogen concentrations in finishing heifers supplemented with Optaflexx …

A Survey Of Dry Processed Corn Particle Size And Fecal Starch In Midwestern U.S. Feedlots, E. F. Schwandt, D. U. Thomson, S. J. Bartle, C. D. Reinhardt

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Optimizing grain processing practices in cattle feeding operations is critical to reaching maximum feed utilization efficiency. An increased degree of grain processing has consistently shown improved dry matter and starch digestibility; however, it exists with conflicting results on improving performance in finishing cattle. These inconsistencies are likely due to diet composition, such as roughage and co-product level, that could offset the effects of reduced particle size on rate of fermentation thus reducing the risk of digestive dysfunction.

Finishing diets are commonly formulated with processed grain to increase utilization of starch and improve animal performance. Processing methods including steam-flaking, grinding, or …

Steak Location Within The Semitendinosus Muscle Impacts Metmyoglobin Accumulation On Steaks During Retail Display, K. J. Phelps, T. G. O'Quinn, T. A. Houser, J. M. Gonzalez

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Beef color is a major attribute consumers utilize to make purchasing decisions. It is estimated poor color shelf-life of beef steaks costs the meat industry more than $1 billion annually. Shelf-life color is influenced by a balance of two biochemical processes within steaks: metmyoglobin reducing ability and oxygen consumption. Steaks that exhibit a greater metmyoglobin reducing and a reduced oxygen consumption are typically characterized as more color stable. Characteristics of the muscle fiber or muscle cell are what determine the properties of a steak. Commonly, muscles with more oxidative fibers have an elevated oxygen consumption and reduced metmyoglobin reducing ability. …

Acknowledgments, Livestock And Meat Industry Council Inc, Biological Variability

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Listed below are individuals, organizations, and firms that have contributed to the beef research program through financial support, product donations, or services. We appreciate your help!

Searc Agricultural Research 2017, L. W. Lomas

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Southeast Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research 2017. Topics include grazing and supplemental feed for beef cattle, forage, pasture, hay, grasses, legumes, tillage, fertilizer, corn, soybeans, wheat, and soil health and variability.

Effect Of Parity And Stage Of Gestation On Growth And Feed Efficiency Of Gestating Sows, L. L. Thomas, R. D. Goodband, M. D. Tokach, J. C. Woodworth, J. M. Derouchey, S. S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The effects of parity and stage of gestation on female growth criteria and reproductive performance were evaluated at a commercial sow farm. A total of 712 females (Camborough, PIC, Hendersonville, TN) were group-housed and individually fed with electronic sow feeders. Gilts (parity 1) and sows were offered 4.4 and 5.0 lb of feed per day (4.7 and 5.3 Mcal NE per d), respectively. Females were moved from the breeding stall to pens on d 5 of gestation. A scale was located in the alleyway to weigh sows as they left individual feeding stations. Feed intake and BW were recorded daily …

Effects Of Monosodium Glutamate On 14- To 56-Lb Nursery Pigs, A. B. Clark, M. D. Tokach, J. M. Derouchey, S. S. Dritz, J. C. Woodworth, R. D. Goodband, K. J. Touchette

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 700 nursery pigs (PIC C-29 × 1050 × 1040, initially 13.6 lb BW) were used in a 42-d growth study to determine the effects of monosodium glutamate (MSG; Ajinomoto Heartland, LLC, Chicago, IL) on growth performance. Pigs were fed 1 of 5 dietary treatments: 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, or 2.0% MSG. Experimental diets were fed in three phases from d 0 to 14, 14 to 28, and 28 to 42. Phase 1 was pelleted and phases 2 and 3 were fed in meal form. Diets were formulated to balance Na and Cl content with increasing MSG using …

Evaluating The Effects Of Fish Solubles On Nursery Pig Performance, A. M. Jones, J. C. Woodworth, M. D. Tokach, S. Herbert, J. Smith, D. Berry, R. D. Goodband, J. M. Derouchey, S. S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 700 barrows (Line 200 × 400, DNA, Columbus, NE; initially 14.3 lb) were used in a 21-d growth trial with 5 pigs per pen and 28 pens per treatment. Pigs were weaned at approximately 21 d of age, placed in nursery pens according to BW and fed a common pelleted starter diet for 3 d. Pigs were then weighed and pens were blocked by BW to 1 of 5 dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design. Dietary treatments included a corn-soybean meal-based control diet and 4 diets containing 6% LT Prime Menhaden Fishmeal (Daybrook Fisheries Inc., …

The Effects Of Feeding Benzoic Acid And Essential Oils On Growth Performance, Survivability And Fecal Characteristics Of Grower Pigs, M. T. Thayer, A. Langemeier, S. Scotten, J. L. Nelssen, Z. Ou, J. R. Bergstrom

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 200 pigs (DNA Line 200 × 400) with an initial body weight of 81 lb were used to determine the effects of feeding benzoic acid and an essential oil blend (Vevo- Vitall and CRINA Piglets AF, DSM Nutritional Products, Parsippany, NJ) to grower pigs. There were 10 pigs per pen and 10 pens per treatment in this 28-d grower trial. Pigs were allotted by BW and randomly assigned to 1 of 2 dietary treatments. Dietary treatments included a control diet, or the control diet with added benzoic acid (6.00 lb/ ton) paired with an essential oil blend …

Evaluation Of Elarom Ses With Or Without Tri-Basic Copper Chloride On Nursery Pig Growth Performance, H. Williams, J. C. Woodworth, J. M. Derouchey, S. S. Dritz, M. D. Tokach, R. D. Goodband

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 360 weanling pigs (DNA 200 × 400; initially 11.5 lb BW) were used in a 42-d study evaluating the effects of feeding Elarom SES in combination with increasing tri-basic copper chloride on nursery pig performance and fecal consistency. Elarom SES (Trouw Nutrition USA, Highland, IL) is a specialty feed ingredient containing a blend of active ingredients designed to enhance growth performance and gut health. Tri-basic copper chloride (TBCC, Intellibond C, Micronutrients USA, LLC., Indianapolis, IN) is a form of copper (Cu) that has the potential for improved bioavailability and enhanced growth performance. Pigs were weaned at approximately …

Effects Of Increasing Copper From Tri-Basic Copper Chloride Or A Copper-Chelate On Growth Performance Of Nursery Pigs, C. Carpenter, J. C. Woodworth, J. M. Derouchey, M. D. Tokach, R. D. Goodband, S. S. Dritz, J. L. Usry

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 1,452 pigs [Group 1; 350 barrows (DNA 200 × 400; initially 13.2 lb)] and [Group 2; 1,102 barrows and gilts (PIC 1050 × 280; initially 13.3 lb)] were used to determine the effects of added Cu source and level on nursery pig performance. There were 5 pigs per pen and 10 replications per treatment in group 1, and 24 to 27 pigs per pen and 6 replications per treatment in group 2. Pens of pigs were allotted by BW to 1 of 7 dietary treatments arranged as a 2 × 3 factorial plus a control diet, with …

Evaluation Of High Standardized Ileal Digestible Tryptophan:Lysine Ratios With Ractopamine Hcl On Growth And Carcass Performance Of Pigs From 240 To 295 Lb, J. Soto, M. D. Tokach, K. J. Touchette, S. S. Dritz, J. C. Woodworth, J. M. Derouchey, R. D. Goodband

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 935 pigs (PIC 1050 × 337, initially 237.2 lb BW) were used in a 22-d trial to determine the effects of feeding high levels of standardized ileal digestible (SID) Trp:Lys ratio in diets with ractopamine HCl (RAC, Paylean, Elanco Animal Health, Greenfield, IN) on growth and carcass performance of finishing pigs. Pens of 23 or 24 pigs were allotted by BW and randomly assigned to 1 of 5 dietary treatments with 8 replications per treatment. The dietary treatments included 5 SID Trp:Lys ratios (20, 22, 24, 26, and 28% of Lys). All diets were formulated to 0.90% …

Determination Of The Optimum Standardized Ileal Digestible Lysine Concentration For Finishing Pigs From 225 To 280 Lb, J. Soto, M. D. Tokach, S. S. Dritz, J. C. Woodworth, J. M. Derouchey, R. D. Goodband

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The objective of this study was to determine the standardized ileal digestible (SID) Lys requirement for growth and carcass performance of 225- to 280-lb finishing pigs. A total of 253 pigs (DNA 600 × 241, initially 224.9 lb BW) were used in a 23-d trial. Pens were blocked by BW and were randomly assigned to diets with 7 or 8 pigs per pen and 8 pens per treatment in a randomized complete block design. Diets were corn and soybean meal-based and fed in meal form. Dietary treatments consisted of 0.45, 0.55, 0.65, or 0.75% SID Lys. Increasing SID Lys increased …

Effects Of Dietary Soybean Meal Concentration With Dietary Crude Protein Fixed At 12% On Growth And Carcass Performance Of Finishing Pigs From 250 To 300 Lb, J. Soto, M. D. Tokach, S. S. Dritz, J. C. Woodworth, J. M. Derouchey, R. D. Goodband

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 280 pigs (DNA 600 × 241, initially 251.8 lb) were used in a 23-d trial to determine the effects of dietary soybean meal (SBM) concentration with dietary crude protein, fixed at 12%, on growth performance of finishing pigs from 250 to 300 lb. Pens of 7 or 8 pigs were allotted by BW and randomly assigned to 1 of 6 dietary treatments with 6 replications per treatment. Treatments consisting of 5 levels of SBM (10.6, 7.7, 4.9, 2.7, and 0%) with 12% CP and a negative control treatment with 4.0% SBM and 10% CP. Corn gluten meal …

Effect Of Supplementation Of Choline In Moderate And Low Crude Protein Diets On Growth Performance Of Finishing Pigs From 245 To 275 Lb, J. Soto, M. D. Tokach, S. S. Dritz, J. C. Woodworth, J. M. Derouchey, R. D. Goodband

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 254 pigs (DNA 600 × 241, initially 247.4 lb) was used in a 19-d trial to determine the effects of added choline on growth performance of finishing pigs fed moderate and low CP diets. Pens of 7 or 8 pigs were allotted by BW and randomly assigned to 1 of 4 dietary treatments with 8 replications per treatment. Experimental treatments were arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial with main effects of CP (12 or 10%) and choline (none or added) to reach a final diet concentration of chloride of 823 mg/lb of diet. For overall growth …

Effects Of Standardized Total Tract Digestible Phosphorus On Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics, Bone Mineralization, And Economics Of 53- To 287-Lb Pigs, C. M. Vier, F. Wu, M. B. Menegat, H. S. Cemin, S. S. Dritz, M. D. Tokach, M. A. Goncalves, U. A. Orlando, J. C. Woodworth, R. D. Goodband, J. M. Derouchey

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 1,130 barrows and gilts (PIC; 359 × Camborough, initial pen average BW of 53.2 ± 1.61 lb) were used in a 111-d growth trial to determine the standardized total tract digestible (STTD) P requirement of growing-finishing pigs from 53 to 287 lb. Pens of pigs were randomly assigned to 1 of 6 dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design with BW as a blocking factor. There were 7 replicate pens per treatment and 26 to 27 pigs per pen (at least 13 barrows and gilts per pen). The experimental diets were corn-soybean meal-based and were fed …

Further Investigation Evaluating The Effect Of Dietary Chromium Propionate And Yucca Schidigera Supplementation In Finishing Pig Diets, J. T. Gebhardt, J. C. Woodworth, M. D. Tokach, J. M. Derouchey, R. D. Goodband, J. A. Loughmiller, A. L. De Souza, M. J. Rincker, S. S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 2,430 pigs (PIC 359 × 1050; initial BW = 64.6 lb) were used to evaluate the effects of dietary chromium propionate (Cr; KemTRACE Cr, Kemin Industries, Des Moines, IA) and aYucca schidigera-based extract (Micro-Aid; DPI Global, Porterville, CA) on growth performance of finishing pigs housed in commercial conditions. Pigs were placed in balanced, mixed-gender pens (27 pigs per pen), blocked by average pen BW, and randomly assigned to treatment. Diets were corn-soybean meal-based and were formulated in 5 dietary phases to meet or exceed NRC6 requirement estimates. Dietary treatments were fed for the full duration …

Genome Diversity And Molecular Detection Of Prrs Field Strains And Vaccine Strains, And Pcv3 And Pcv2 Strains, Y. Wang, F. Yuan, X. Liu, W. Zheng, H. Zhang, J. Zhang, K. Yoon, L. Peddireddi, Y. Fang, G. Anderson, J. Bai

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Molecular diagnosis of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRS) and porcine circo virus (PCV) are challenging due to high genetic diversity in the viral genomes. Differentiating PRRS vaccine strains is even more challenging and is currently done by DNA sequencing, which is expensive and time-consuming. A multiplexed system (Luminex) allowing multiple detection targets in the same reaction is available. However, this system is not fully developed for common swine pathogens. Therefore, an assay was built to detect the majority of field PRRS strains by using different pairs of primers, and at the same time, to provide differentiation of the …

Productivity Of A Triticale And Crimson Clover Winter Cover Crop For Dairies, K. Olagaray, C. Takiya, M. Scheffel, T. Brown, J. S. Stevenson, D. H. Min, B. Bradford

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The potential for a winter cover crop to align with agronomic objectives and to support milk production was evaluated at the Kansas State University Dairy Teaching and Research Center, Manhattan, KS. August planting of a triticale and crimson clover blend following corn silage harvest resulted in production of more than 3.5 tons of dry matter prior to subsequent corn planting. After ensiling, the impact of triticale/crimson clover silage (TCS) on milk production was evaluated in 48 mid- to late-lactation Holstein cows. Cows were blocked by parity (1 and 2+) and milk production, then randomly assigned within block to treatment sequence …

Effects Of Increasing Dietary Lysine On Performance Of Lactating Sows In Commercial Conditions, K. M. Gourley, J. C. Woodworth, J. M. Derouchey, M. D. Tokach, S. S. Dritz, R. D. Goodband, S. J. Kitt, E. W. Stephenson

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 710 mixed parity sows (Line 241; DNA, Columbus, NE) were used in a 21-d study to determine the effect of standardized ileal digestible (SID) lysine (Lys) intake during lactation on sow and litter performance and subsequent reproductive performance of primiparous and multiparous sows housed in a commercial production system. On d 112 of gestation, females were weighed and blocked by BW within expected farrowing date and parity (1 to 7) and randomly assigned to 1 of 4 dietary treatments within blocks. Dietary treatments were corn-soybean meal-based and consisted of increasing SID Lys (0.75, 0.90, 1.05, and 1.20%). …

Quantifying Medium Chain Fatty Acid Mitigation Activity Over Time Against Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus In Nursery Pig Diets, J. T. Gebhardt, J. C. Woodworth, M. D. Tokach, J. M. Derouchey, R. D. Goodband, C. K. Jones, S. S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Medium chain fatty acids (MCFA) are six to twelve carbon length molecules that have shown significant promise as potential mitigants of biological hazards in feed and feed ingredients. The use of residual duration of activity approaches, such as MCFA, have significant advantages compared to point-in-time mitigation strategies. The primary advantage of MCFA is the ability to mitigate the risks generated by post-processing contamination; however, the duration of mitigation activity has not been established. Therefore, the objective of this experiment was to characterize the mitigation properties of MCFA-treated swine feed 40 d following feed manufacturing. Treatments (n = 8) consisted of …

Split Suckling, Birth Order, And Birth Weight Affects Colostrum Intake And Pre-Weaning Weight Gain, J. Morton, A. Langemeier, T. Rathbun, D. L. Davis

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Thirty sows (DNA Line 241, n = 10/treatment) and litters (sired by Line 600, pigs n = 412) were used to determine the effects of split suckling on immunocrit, colostrum intake, and growth of low birth weight pigs and pigs that farrow last in the birth order. Three treatments were used 1) control, all pigs suckled ad libitum; 2) weight based, the heaviest 6 pigs were removed for 1.5 h; or 3) birth order based, the first half of the litter was removed for 1.5 h. Over all litters, heavier pigs at birth had greater (P<0.01) colostrum intake and pigs born in the last half of the litter had lower (P<0.01) immunocrits (a measure of circulating immunoglobulins) than pigs born in the first half of the litter. Removing the heaviest 6 pigs for 1.5 h beginning 6 h after farrowing resulted in increased (P<0.05) weight gain by d 7. A tendency (P = 0.15) for treatment × birth order interactions suggests that split suckling increased colostrum intake for the later born pigs.

Effects Of Feeding Increasing Levels Of Hp 300 On Nursery Pig Performance, A. M. Jones, J. M. Derouchey, G. Fitzner, J. C. Woodworth, M. D. Tokach, R. D. Goodband, S. S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 1,215 pigs (PIC 337 × 1050; initial BW 11.3 lb) were used in a 43-d growth trial evaluating the effects of feeding increasing HP 300 (Hamlet Protein, Findlay, OH) on nursery pig performance. Pigs were weaned at 16 to 19 d of age and placed in pens, with each pen containing a mix of barrows and gilts. Pens of pigs were weighed and allotted by BW to 1 of 5 dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design with 27 pigs per pen and 9 pens per treatment. The control diet was a standard cornsoybean meal-based diet …

Effects Of Antimicrobial Or Probiotic Treatments On Growth Performance Of 13- To 56-Lb Nursery Pigs, D. Shawk, B. J. Feehan, O. L. Harrison, J. C. Woodworth, M. D. Tokach, R. D. Goodband, S. S. Dritz, J. M. Derouchey, N. E. Ward, A. B. Clark

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 612 nursery pigs (21-d of age; Line 241 × 600; DNA, Columbus, NE) were used in two 44-d experiments to determine effects of antibiotic or different probiotic products on nursery pig performance and fecal consistency. In Experiment 1, 297 pigs (initially 12.8 lb) were used with 6 replications per treatment and 5 or 6 pigs per pen. In Experiment 2, 315 pigs (initially 13.3 lb) were used with 7 replications per treatment and 5 pigs per pen. In both experiments, pens were randomly allotted to 1 of 9 dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design. The …

Effects Of Monosodium Glutamate And Aminogut On Nursery Pig Performance, A. B. Clark, M. D. Tokach, J. M. Derouchey, S. S. Dritz, J. C. Woodworth, R. D. Goodband, K. J. Touchette

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 1,134 nursery pigs (PIC 359 × 1050, 10.9 ± 0.46 lb BW) were used in a 42-d growth study to determine the effects of monosodium glutamate (MSG), AminoGut, and glutamine (Ajinomoto Heartland, LLC, Chicago, IL) on growth performance. Pigs were fed 1 of 6 dietary treatments. Treatments were fed in 2 phases from d 0 to 7 and 7 to 21. The dietary treatments contained 0, 0.5, 1.0, or 1.5% MSG fed in both phases, 0.8 and 0.6% AminoGut fed in phase 1 and 2, respectively, or a combination of 1.0% MSG and 0.4% glutamine fed in …

Effect Of Zinc Oxide, Zinc Hydroxychloride, And Tri-Basic Copper Chloride On Nursery Pig Performance, H. S. Cemin, J. C. Woodworth, M. D. Tokach, S. S. Dritz, J. M. Derouchey, R. D. Goodband

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 1,215 pigs (PIC 1050 × 280; initially 11.7 lb BW) were used in a 42-d growth trial to determine the effects of ZnO, Zn hydroxychloride (IntelliBond Z; IBZ), and tri-basic copper chloride (IntelliBond C; IBC) on growth performance of nursery pigs. Pigs were allotted by pen weight and assigned to 1 of 5 dietary treatments. Treatments consisted of added Zn as ZnO (3,000 ppm in phase 1 and 2,000 ppm in phase 2); Zn hydroxychloride (IBZ; 1,000 ppm in phase 1 and phase 2); and Cu as tri-basic copper chloride (200 ppm), alone or in combination, as …

Effects Of Increasing Salt Concentrations On Growth Performance Of Pigs Weighing 60 To 140 Lb, D. Shawk, S. S. Dritz, M. D. Tokach, R. D. Goodband, J. C. Woodworth, J. M. Derouchey

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 1,188 pigs (PIC 359 × 1050; initial BW 59.8 lb) were used in a 44-d growth trial to determine the effects of added salt on the growth performance of pigs weighing approximately 60 to 140 lb in a commercial setting. Pens of pigs were blocked by BW and randomly assigned to 1 of 4 dietary treatments in a completely randomized block design with 27 pigs per pen and 11 pens per treatment. Dietary treatments were corn-soybean meal-based with 20% dried distillers grain with soluble containing either 0.10, 0.33, 0.55, or 0.75% of added salt, which resulted in …

The Effects Of Cold Pelleting And Separation Of Fine Corn Particles On Growth Performance And Economic Return In Nursery Pigs, C. E. Evans, M. Saensukjaroenphon, C. K. Jones, J. M. Derouchey, J. C. Woodworth, M. D. Tokach, C. B. Paulk, C. R. Stark

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 320 pigs (DNA 241 × 600; initially 22.5 lb BW) were used in a 21-d experiment to determine the effects on pelleting technique and removing fine corn particles (<150 microns) on nursery pig growth performance. There were 5 pigs per pen and 8 pens per treatment and diets were all manufactured using corn ground to 400 microns. Diets were fed as a mash or pelleted using a traditional vertical die pellet mill equipped with a steam conditioner (steam pellet) or a horizontal pellet die with hot water conditioning prior to pelleting (cold pellet). Therefore, the 8 treatments were: 1) ground corn diet fed as mash, 2) ground corn diet steam pelleted, 3) ground corn diet cold pelleted, 4) ground corn with fines less than 150 microns removed from the diet and the diet fed as mash, 5) ground corn with fines less than 150 microns removed from the diet and the diet without fines was steam pelleted, 6) ground corn with fines less than 150 microns removed from the diet and the diet without fines was cold pelleted, 7) fines less than 150 microns were steam pelleted then proportionally added back to ground corn and fed as a mixture of pellets and mash, and 8) fines less than 150 microns were cold pelleted then proportionally added back to ground corn and fed as a mixture of pellets and mash. Removal of fines less than 150 microns from the corn improved the flowability characteristics of the diets as indicated by improved composite flow index values. The best flowability was achieved when fines were pelleted and added back to the mash diets. Pigs fed steam- or cold-pelleted diets had decreased (P<0.02) ADG, ADFI, and d-21 BW, total feed cost, revenue, and income over feed cost (IOFC) compared to those fed mash diets. Pigs fed steam pelleted diets had decreased (P<0.006) ADG, d-21 BW, revenue, and IOFC compared to those fed cold pelleted diets. There were no growth performance differences between pigs fed ground corn diets or ground corn diets with fines removed. Pigs fed diets with fines removed, pelleted, and subsequently added back had increased (P<0.05) ADFI, F/G, and feed cost compared to all other treatments. It is assumed that this response resulted from increased feed wastage resulting from pigs sorting pellets mixed with mash diets. The results of this study indicate that removing particles less than 150 microns improved the flowability of a mash diet without sacrificing growth performance. Additionally, cold pelleting was a viable option to steam pelleting in the current experiment. However, pelleting diets reduced pig performance compared to pigs fed mash diets. Further research is needed to validate the response to cold pelleting when the expected response to pelleting using steam conditioning is achieved.

Foreword, Appendices, R. D. Goodband

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

It is with great pleasure that we present the 2017 Swine Industry Day Report of Progress. This report contains updates and summaries of applied and basic research conducted at Kansas State University during the past year. We hope that the information will be of benefit as we attempt to meet the needs of the Kansas swine industry.