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Animal Sciences

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

2010

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Current Factors Affecting Feeder Cattle Pricing In Kansas And Missouri Cattle Markets, K.W. Harborth, L.L. Schulz, Kevin C. Dhuyvetter, Justin W. Waggoner Jan 2010

Current Factors Affecting Feeder Cattle Pricing In Kansas And Missouri Cattle Markets, K.W. Harborth, L.L. Schulz, Kevin C. Dhuyvetter, Justin W. Waggoner

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Today's tough economic environment for cattle producers makes each decision critically important, and increased knowledge of the link between pricing and genetic, management, and marketing decisions can increase an operation's sustainability and profitability. Cow-calf producers and cattle feeders have long been interested in the impact of various physical and market characteristics on feeder cattle and calf prices. As demonstrated in many previous studies, significant relationships exist between feeder cattle prices and their physical and market characteristics. Weight, lot size, health, condition, fill, muscling, frame size, breed, time of sale, and horn status significantly affect feeder cattle auction prices. Historically, significant …

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Effects Of Feeder Design, Wet-Dry Feeder Adjustment Strategy, And Diet Type On The Growth Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Growing-Finishing Pigs (2010), J R. Bergstrom, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, Joel M. Derouchey, Robert D. Goodband, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2010

Effects Of Feeder Design, Wet-Dry Feeder Adjustment Strategy, And Diet Type On The Growth Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Growing-Finishing Pigs (2010), J R. Bergstrom, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, Joel M. Derouchey, Robert D. Goodband, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 1,287 pigs (PIC 337 x 1050, initially 82.7 lb) were used to compare the effects of a conventional dry feeder, 3 wet-dry feeder adjustment strategies, and 2 diet types on growing-finishing pig performance. There were 27 pigs per pen and 6 pens per treatment. The first wet-dry strategy consisted of maintaining a setting of 18 throughout the study (WD18). The second wet-dry strategy consisted of an initial setting of 18 until d 56 followed by a reduced setting of 14 for the remainder of the experiment (WD14). The third wet-dry strategy consisted of an initial setting of …

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Evaluation Of Feed Budgeting, Complete Diet Blending, And Corn-Supplement Blending On Finishing-Pig Performance (2010), R C. Sulabo, G A. Papadopoulos, J R. Bergstrom, D Ryder, Joel M. Derouchey, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2010

Evaluation Of Feed Budgeting, Complete Diet Blending, And Corn-Supplement Blending On Finishing-Pig Performance (2010), R C. Sulabo, G A. Papadopoulos, J R. Bergstrom, D Ryder, Joel M. Derouchey, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 283 pigs (PIC TR4 x 1050, initially 77.2 ± 1.4 lb BW) were used to compare phase feeding with blending finishing diets by using the FeedPro system (Feedlogic Corporation, Willmar, MN). There were 3 experimental treatments: (1) a standard 4-phase complete feed program, (2) blending high- and low-lysine complete diets over the entire experiment, and (3) blending ground corn and a separate complete supplement within each phase. FeedPro is an integrated feed dispensing system that can deliver and blend 2 separate diets while dispensing. The 4 phases were 77 to 120, 120 to 175, 175 to 221, …

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Effects Of Mat-Feeding Duration And Different Waterer Types On Nursery Pig Performance In A Wean-To-Finish Barn (2010), M L. Potter, Michael D. Tokach, Joel M. Derouchey, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2010

Effects Of Mat-Feeding Duration And Different Waterer Types On Nursery Pig Performance In A Wean-To-Finish Barn (2010), M L. Potter, Michael D. Tokach, Joel M. Derouchey, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 3,680 weanling pigs were used in 2 experiments to determine the effects of mat-feeding strategies and different waterer types on pig performance and removal rates. In Exp. 1, a total of 24 pens (58 pigs per pen) were blocked by source farm and allotted to 1 of 4 gender (barrow or gilt) x feeding (control or mat-fed) treatments in a 27-d trial. Pigs were initially 15.4 lb. Control pigs did not receive any pelleted feed placed on mats, while pigs assigned to the mat-fed treatment were given 1.1 lb of pelleted diet on the mats 3 times …

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Round Bale Alfalfa Processing Method Does Not Influence Feeding Or Mixing Characteristics In A Total Mixed Ration, S.Q. Jones, T.T. Marston, T.J. Kraus, Joel M. Derouchey, Justin W. Waggoner, Ryan M. Breiner Jan 2010

Round Bale Alfalfa Processing Method Does Not Influence Feeding Or Mixing Characteristics In A Total Mixed Ration, S.Q. Jones, T.T. Marston, T.J. Kraus, Joel M. Derouchey, Justin W. Waggoner, Ryan M. Breiner

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Nutritionists and producers often assume that ingredients in a total mixed ration are uniformly mixed. However, many factors may affect ration homogeneity, including particle size, shape, and density and mixer discharge location. Forages are often ground prior to mixing in a total mixed ration to reduce variation in forage particle length. However, preprocessing forages while baling may facilitate particle length reduction and eliminate the need to grind forages prior to mixing. Objectives of this study were to determine the effects of forage processing method on uniformity and particle length of the total mixed ration at different discharge locations throughout mixing.

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Increased Concentrations Of Bovine Intestinal Mucus Encourage Growth Of Escherichia Coli O157:H7, J. Heidenreich, C. Aperce, James S. Drouillard Jan 2010

Increased Concentrations Of Bovine Intestinal Mucus Encourage Growth Of Escherichia Coli O157:H7, J. Heidenreich, C. Aperce, James S. Drouillard

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Cattle have been implicated as carriers of the human pathogen Escherichia coli O157:H7. Contamination of the beef supply by E. coli O157 can occur during harvest and processing, causing costly recalls or human illness. Many interventions have been applied in attempts to prevent contamination of carcasses in processing plants, such as development of HACCP procedures, carcass washes, and steam pasteurization, but contaminations still occur. Mechanisms that allow E. coli O157:H7 to thrive in cattle at sporadic times and in such large numbers are poorly understood. Understanding factors that stimulate E. coli O157 growth in cattle will aid in identifying effective …

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Effects Of Supplemental Protein And Energy On Digestion And Urea Kinetics In Beef Cattle, E.A. Bailey, D.W. Brake, David E. Anderson, M.L. Jones, Evan C. Titgemeyer, K. C. Olson Jan 2010

Effects Of Supplemental Protein And Energy On Digestion And Urea Kinetics In Beef Cattle, E.A. Bailey, D.W. Brake, David E. Anderson, M.L. Jones, Evan C. Titgemeyer, K. C. Olson

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Previous research at Kansas State University has shown that providing supplemental energy when protein is deficient will cause a decrease in digestion of low-quality forage. Our project examined the effects of supplemental glucose on low-quality forage intake and digestion. Urea recycling is a mechanism by which cattle preserve nitrogen when faced with a deficiency. Young, growing cattle receiving sufficient protein recycle large amounts of nitrogen to the rumen. Our goal was to explore the effects of providing supplemental energy and protein to cattle that are on the downward side of their growth curve. Specifically, we measured intake, digestion, and urea …

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Length Of Weaning Period But Not Timing Of Vaccination Affects Feedlot Receiving Performance And Health Of Fall-Weaned, Ranch-Direct Beef Calves, M.J. Macek, J.W. Iliff, Todd W. Schmidt, L.A. Pacheco, K. C. Olson, John R. Jaeger, Daniel U. Thomson Jan 2010

Length Of Weaning Period But Not Timing Of Vaccination Affects Feedlot Receiving Performance And Health Of Fall-Weaned, Ranch-Direct Beef Calves, M.J. Macek, J.W. Iliff, Todd W. Schmidt, L.A. Pacheco, K. C. Olson, John R. Jaeger, Daniel U. Thomson

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Weaning and preconditioning programs are thought to be crucial to calf health and performance during the finishing period. The stress of maternal separation, changes in diet, environmental changes, and exposure to unfamiliar pathogens increase susceptibility of recently weaned calves to bovine respiratory disease. Vaccination programs are implemented near weaning to decrease the incidence of respiratory disease. Many vaccination strategies are practiced by cow-calf producers in the United States. The most cautious strategy involves vaccination against respiratory disease pathogens 2 to 4 weeks before maternal separation followed by a booster at weaning. This strategy is used in instances in which time, …

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Feed-Based Metaphylaxis Programs Did Not Affect Health Or Performance Of High-Risk Calves Mass Medicated With Draxxin On Arrival, M.P. Epp, R. Derstein, Dale A. Blasi Jan 2010

Feed-Based Metaphylaxis Programs Did Not Affect Health Or Performance Of High-Risk Calves Mass Medicated With Draxxin On Arrival, M.P. Epp, R. Derstein, Dale A. Blasi

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Bovine respiratory disease continues to be the most costly disease affecting productivity and profitability in the stocker segment. Despite their high cost, longer-acting, injectable therapeutic antimicrobials such as Draxxin (Tulathromycin; Pfizer Animal Health, New York, NY) can extend the window of treatment duration, thereby reducing the incidence and severity of bovine respiratory disease. Use of feed-based metaphylaxis programs, such as therapeutic administration of multiple 5-day pulses of Aureomycin (αrma, Inc., Bridgewater, NJ), in conjunction with an injectable metaphylaxis program may be a cost-effective way to improve bovine respiratory disease therapy without having to physically handle and stress cattle.

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Precutting Round Alfalfa And Cornstalk Bales Decreases Time And Fuel Required For Bale Breakup In A Vertical Mixer, S.Q. Jones, T.T. Marston, R.M. Kraus, Joel M. Derouchey, Justin W. Waggoner, Ryan M. Breiner Jan 2010

Precutting Round Alfalfa And Cornstalk Bales Decreases Time And Fuel Required For Bale Breakup In A Vertical Mixer, S.Q. Jones, T.T. Marston, R.M. Kraus, Joel M. Derouchey, Justin W. Waggoner, Ryan M. Breiner

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Properly mixing and distributing nutrients throughout a ration can be equally as important as including them in the formulation. Many factors, including forage type, particle length, and mixer type, affect the homogeneity of total mixed rations. Particle size plays an important role in digestion and animal performance and, therefore, is an important consideration from harvest through feeding. An increase in particle size results in a less uniform distribution of nutrients throughout the total mixed ration. Typically, diets with a high proportion of forages have the lowest uniformity of nutrients in individual batches of complete feed.

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Dried Distillers Grains Supplemented At Different Frequencies To Stocker Heifers Grazing Late-Season Flint Hills Native Pastures, M.P. Epp, W.L. Metzen, Brandon E. Oleen, Dale A. Blasi Jan 2010

Dried Distillers Grains Supplemented At Different Frequencies To Stocker Heifers Grazing Late-Season Flint Hills Native Pastures, M.P. Epp, W.L. Metzen, Brandon E. Oleen, Dale A. Blasi

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Wetter-than-normal summer grazing seasons can produce excessive forage beyond what the typical Flint Hills double-stock harvest rate can remove. These late-summer native grasses do not contain adequate protein to sustain economical gains for stocker cattle, but producers can extend the grazing season by using a protein-based supplement to generate economically feasible rates of gain. Use of dried distillers grains as a supplementation program can help promote overall productivity during the fall grazing season. However, the drawback is the potential high labor input for supplement delivery. Delivering supplements at reduced frequencies per week may be able to sustain daily gains of …

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Effect Of Nitrogen Supplementation On Urea Recycling In Steers Consuming Corn-Based Diets, D.W. Drake, M.L. Jones, David E. Anderson, Evan C. Titgemeyer Jan 2010

Effect Of Nitrogen Supplementation On Urea Recycling In Steers Consuming Corn-Based Diets, D.W. Drake, M.L. Jones, David E. Anderson, Evan C. Titgemeyer

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Nitrogen absorbed in the small intestine of cattle can be recycled to the rumen and incorporated into microbially synthesized amino acids. This is an advantage when dietary protein is low or when ruminally available nitrogen is limited by poor ruminal protein degradation. In a survey, consulting feedlot nutritionists reported that 83% of their clients used ethanol coproducts in finishing diets. Ruminal availability of nitrogen in dried distillers grains with solubles is low (i.e., 25% of total nitrogen). Thus, urea recycling may be of greater relative importance when distillers grains are used to supplement protein to cattle. The goals of our …

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Effects Of Morinda Citrifolia On Growth Performance And Health Of High-Risk Calves, L.R. Hibbard, R.G. Godbee, M.P. Epp, Brandon E. Oleen, Dale A. Blasi, K. C. Olson Jan 2010

Effects Of Morinda Citrifolia On Growth Performance And Health Of High-Risk Calves, L.R. Hibbard, R.G. Godbee, M.P. Epp, Brandon E. Oleen, Dale A. Blasi, K. C. Olson

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Bovine respiratory disease continues to be the most costly disease affecting productivity and profitability in the stocker segment. Long-acting injectable antimicrobials are presently used to reduce the incidence and severity of bovine respiratory disease. However, future use of antimicrobial treatment may be significantly curtailed in light of an increasing negative perception of antibiotic usage in food animals by consumers and governmental agencies. Consequently, preconditioning and enhanced nutrition programs that may include nutraceuticals could become more prevalent. MorindaMax (Morinda International, Provo, UT) is a natural product manufactured from the Morinda citrifolia fruit (i.e., Noni). Published literature suggests this plant extract has …

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Packaging Systems And Storage Times Serve As Post-Lethality Treatments For Listeria Monocytogenes On Whole Muscle Beef Jerky, A. Lobaton-Sulabo, T. Axman, Kelly J.K. Getty, Elizabeth A.E. Boyle, N. Harper, K. Uppal, B. Barry, James J. Higgins Jan 2010

Packaging Systems And Storage Times Serve As Post-Lethality Treatments For Listeria Monocytogenes On Whole Muscle Beef Jerky, A. Lobaton-Sulabo, T. Axman, Kelly J.K. Getty, Elizabeth A.E. Boyle, N. Harper, K. Uppal, B. Barry, James J. Higgins

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Following several outbreaks involving Listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat meat and poultry products, the United States Department of Agriculture Food Safety and Inspection Service required that processors of these products implement post-processing intervention strategies for controlling L. monocytogenes. The USDA defines a postlethality treatment as a process that reduces L. monocytogenes by at least 1 log. Research has shown that packaging can generate a 1 log L. monocytogenes reduction following 1 or more weeks of storage at room temperature. The objective of our study was to determine the effect of packaging system and storage time on reducing L. monocytogenes on shelf-stable …

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Feed Additives For Swine: Fact Sheets – High Dietary Levels Of Copper And Zinc For Young Pigs, And Phytase (2010), J Y. Jacela, Joel M. Derouchey, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, David G. Renter, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2010

Feed Additives For Swine: Fact Sheets – High Dietary Levels Of Copper And Zinc For Young Pigs, And Phytase (2010), J Y. Jacela, Joel M. Derouchey, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, David G. Renter, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Copper and zinc play important roles in many physiological processes. Dietary copper levels of 5 to 10 ppm and zinc levels of 50 to 125 ppm are generally enough to meet the pig's nutrient requirement for these processes. However, when supplied at high concentrations (100 to 250 ppm for copper and 2000 to 3000 ppm for zinc), these two minerals are known to exert positive influences on growth rate. In addition, copper is efficacious even when antibiotics also are included in the diets.2 This suggests that the response to copper is additive to the response to antimicrobials. Response to high …

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2010 Agricultural Research Southeast Agricultural Research Center, Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station And Cooperative Extension Service Jan 2010

2010 Agricultural Research Southeast Agricultural Research Center, Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station And Cooperative Extension Service

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

No abstract provided.

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Effects On Bacon Quality Of Feeding Increasing Glycerol And Dried Distillers Grains With Solubles To Finishing Pigs (2010), B L. Goehring, Terry A. Houser, Joel M. Derouchey, Melvin C. Hunt, Michael D. Tokach, Steven S. Dritz, B M. Gerlach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, John A. Unruh Jan 2010

Effects On Bacon Quality Of Feeding Increasing Glycerol And Dried Distillers Grains With Solubles To Finishing Pigs (2010), B L. Goehring, Terry A. Houser, Joel M. Derouchey, Melvin C. Hunt, Michael D. Tokach, Steven S. Dritz, B M. Gerlach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, John A. Unruh

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 84 barrows (PIC 337 x 1050, initially 68.3 lb) were fed a corn-soybean meal-based diet with added dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS; 0 or 20%) and increasing glycerol (0, 2.5, or 5%) to determine the effects on belly quality. Criteria that were evaluated included: belly length, thickness, firmness, and slice yield; proximate and fatty acid analyses; iodine values; and sensory characteristics. There were no (P>0.08) DDGS x glycerol interactions on any criteria measured. Inclusion of 20% DDGS in the diet decreased belly firmness (P<0.04), as measured by the belly flop test (fat-side down method). Twenty percent DDGS decreased (P<0.01) the percentage of myristic acid, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, vaccenic acid, total saturated fatty acids, and total monounsaturated fatty acids. In contrast, 20% DDGS increased (P<0.01) the percentage of linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid, eicosadienoic acid, total polyunsaturated fatty acids, unsaturated:saturated fatty acid ratios, polyunsaturated:saturated fatty acid ratios, and iodine values. The inclusion of 0, 2.5, and 5% glycerol in swine diets did not affect any measured criteria in this study. In conclusion, feeding DDGS at a level of 20% decreased belly firmness and changed the fatty acid profile; however, it did not affect belly processing or sensory characteristics. Glycerol fed at 2.5 or 5.0% did not affect belly quality, fatty acid profile, or sensory characteristics of bacon.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 18, 2010

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Effects Of Cracked Corn On Growth Performance And Stomach Lesions In Finishing Pigs (2010), S M. Williams, C B. Paulk, S Issa, Terry L. Gugle, Joe D. Hancock Jan 2010

Effects Of Cracked Corn On Growth Performance And Stomach Lesions In Finishing Pigs (2010), S M. Williams, C B. Paulk, S Issa, Terry L. Gugle, Joe D. Hancock

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 208 pigs (104 barrows and 104 gilts, initial average 138 lb) were used in a 63-d experiment to determine the effects of adding cracked corn to diets for finishing pigs. The pigs were sorted by ancestry and blocked by weight with 13 pigs per pen and 4 pens per treatment. Treatments were corn-soybean meal-based with none, 10, 20, or 40% roller-milled corn (mean particle size of 3,549 μm). Particle size for the none, 10, 20, and 40% cracked corn diets were 684, 926, 979, and 1,187 μm, respectively. Feed and water were offered ad libitum until slaughter …

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Effects Of Vomitoxin Concentration In Nursery Pig Diets And The Effectiveness Of Commercial Products To Mitigate Its Effects (2010), J A. Barnes, Joel M. Derouchey, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2010

Effects Of Vomitoxin Concentration In Nursery Pig Diets And The Effectiveness Of Commercial Products To Mitigate Its Effects (2010), J A. Barnes, Joel M. Derouchey, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 180 pigs (PIC TR4 x 1050, initially 22.8 lb and 34 d of age) were used in a 21-d trial to evaluate the effects of vomitoxin concentration in nursery pig diets and the effectiveness of commercial products to mitigate vomitoxin's negative effects on performance. Pens of pigs were balanced by initial weight and were randomly allotted to 1 of 5 dietary treatments with 6 replications per treatment. Dietary treatments included a control diet consisting of corn-soybean meal and regular dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS; low vomitoxin), a negative control diet containing 4 ppm dietary vomitoxin (from …

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A Comparison Of Denagard, Denagard/Ctc And Pulmotil On Nursery Pig Growth Performance And Economic Return (2010), K M. Sotak, M Hammer, J Y. Jacela, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Joel M. Derouchey, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2010

A Comparison Of Denagard, Denagard/Ctc And Pulmotil On Nursery Pig Growth Performance And Economic Return (2010), K M. Sotak, M Hammer, J Y. Jacela, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Joel M. Derouchey, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 880 weanling pigs (initially 15.6 lb and 16 to 20 d of age) were used in a 41-d experiment to compare the effects of different antibiotic regimens on growth performance and economic return in the nursery phase. Pigs were alloted to 1 of 5 treatment groups based on weight within gender. The antibiotic regimens included: (1) control diets containing no antibiotic throughout the trial, (2) a combination of Denagard (Novartis Animal Health, Greensboro, NC) at 35g/ton and chlortetracycline at 400g/ton (Denagard/CTC) for the entire 41-d trial, (3) a Pulmotil (Elanco, Greenfield, IN) regimen of 363g/ton from d …

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Evaluation Of Increasing Select Menhaden Fish Meal Or Peptone Protein Sources In Nursery Pig Diets (2010), A J. Myers, B W. Ratliff, D Mckilligan, G Xu, J Moline, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Joel M. Derouchey, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2010

Evaluation Of Increasing Select Menhaden Fish Meal Or Peptone Protein Sources In Nursery Pig Diets (2010), A J. Myers, B W. Ratliff, D Mckilligan, G Xu, J Moline, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Joel M. Derouchey, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 350 nursery pigs (PIC 1050 x C327, initially 14.3 lb and 28 d of age) were used in a 24-d study to evaluate the effects of select menhaden fish meal (SMFM), PEP2 (also known as Ferm-O-Tide), and Peptone 50, on nursery pig performance. PEP2 and Peptone 50 are a combination of refined porcine intestinal mucosa that is co-dried with vegetable proteins. PEP2 contains an enzymatically processed vegetable protein, while Peptone 50 contains a complementary vegetable protein. There were 10 dietary treatments: a negative control containing no specialty protein, the negative control diet with 2, 4, or 6% …

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