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Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
The Effects Of Ammonia On The Functionality Of Bovine Granulosa Cells, Micah Henrie
The Effects Of Ammonia On The Functionality Of Bovine Granulosa Cells, Micah Henrie
All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Fall 2023 to Present
It is common practice in the livestock animal production industries to feed high levels of protein to maximize the yield of each animal in production. However, diets high in protein can cause decreased reproductive success within these animals. The causes behind this decrease are not fully understood. Increased dietary protein leads to increased levels of both ammonia and urea in the blood of the animal. These increased metabolite levels may be a possible explanation for the decline in reproductive success. The goal of this study is to identify how various levels of ammonia affect the function of bovine granulosa cells …
Using Cytoplasmic Biopsies To Determine Bovine Oocyte Quality, Madison Lindsey
Using Cytoplasmic Biopsies To Determine Bovine Oocyte Quality, Madison Lindsey
All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023
Embryos resulting from assisted reproductive technologies, such as in vitro fertilization (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), develop with lower efficiencies than embryos resulting from their in vivo counterparts. The reasons behind the developmental discrepancies remain largely unknown. Because the egg is the primary determinant of embryo developmental success, it is reasonable to consider inherent egg quality as a possible cause. The hypothesis for this project is that there are distinct mRNA transcript patterns, or molecular “fingerprints,” that distinguish high- versus low-quality eggs developing within the same environment. In this study, a small cytoplasmic biopsy was removed from 40 eggs …
Comparison Of Bovine Mammary Involution And Intramammary Infections Following Intramammary Treatment With Casein Hydrolysate And Other Conventional Treatments At Dry-Off, Justine E. Britten, Kerry A. Rood, David J. Wilson
Comparison Of Bovine Mammary Involution And Intramammary Infections Following Intramammary Treatment With Casein Hydrolysate And Other Conventional Treatments At Dry-Off, Justine E. Britten, Kerry A. Rood, David J. Wilson
Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Science Student Research
Alternatives to routine antibiotic treatment of dairy cattle during the dry period before their next calving are of interest. This was a preliminary study of whether intramammary infusion of casein hydrolysate, administered alone or combined with standard dry treatment, accelerated the rate of mammary involution early in the dry period. Four treatments were studied in a split udder design. One udder half was assigned a treatment, and the contralateral half was administered dry cow treatment + internal teat sealant as a control. Treatments were casein hydrolysate, casein hydrolysate + dry cow treatment, casein hydrolysate + teat sealant and casein hydrolysate …
Understanding The Influence Of Trenbolone Acetate And Polyamines On Proliferation Of Bovine Satellite Cells, Caleb C. Reichhardt, Amir Ahmadpour, Rachael G. Christensen, Nikole E. Ineck, Gordon Murdoch, Kara Thornton-Kurth
Understanding The Influence Of Trenbolone Acetate And Polyamines On Proliferation Of Bovine Satellite Cells, Caleb C. Reichhardt, Amir Ahmadpour, Rachael G. Christensen, Nikole E. Ineck, Gordon Murdoch, Kara Thornton-Kurth
Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Science Student Research
Approximately 90% of beef cattle on feed in the United States receive at least one anabolic implant, which results in increased growth, efficiency, and economic return to producers. However, the complete molecular mechanism through which anabolic implants function to improve skeletal muscle growth remains unknown. This study had 2 objectives: (1) determine the effect of polyamines and their precursors on proliferation rate in bovine satellite cells (BSC); and (2) understand whether trenbolone acetate (TBA), a testosterone analog, has an impact on the polyamine biosynthetic pathway. To address these, BSC were isolated from 3 finished steers and cultured. Once cultures reached …
Prevalence Of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus In Bovine Samples From The Intermountain West Of The U.S.A. - Comparison Between Age, Sex, Breed And Diagnostic Methods, David J. Wilson, T. J. Baldwin, E. J. Kelly, A. Van Wettere, G. Hullinger, J. Bunnell
Prevalence Of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus In Bovine Samples From The Intermountain West Of The U.S.A. - Comparison Between Age, Sex, Breed And Diagnostic Methods, David J. Wilson, T. J. Baldwin, E. J. Kelly, A. Van Wettere, G. Hullinger, J. Bunnell
Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Science Faculty Publications
Prevalence of Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) (“detected” test results) among all bovine samples tested at the Utah Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory from 2008 - 2013 was calculated, and results were compared by age, sex, or breed of the cattle and BVDV diagnostic test methods. Necropsies were tested for BVDV when lesions suggestive of infection were identified. Adults, juveniles and most calves were tested by antigen (Ag) capture ELISA, while fetuses and some calves were tested by real-time reverse transcriptase PCR. Cattle originated from Utah and surrounding states. Chi-square analyses were used to test for significant differences in BVDV prevalence between …
Determination Of The Expression Patterns Of Bovine Non-Classical Major Histocompatibility Complex (Mhc) Class I Proteins, Parveen Parasar
Determination Of The Expression Patterns Of Bovine Non-Classical Major Histocompatibility Complex (Mhc) Class I Proteins, Parveen Parasar
All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023
This project was funded by the United States of Department of Agriculture (USDA), which funds research aimed at improving production and animal health. The aim of this study was to advance knowledge of maternal immune tolerance to the fetus and mechanisms bovine non-classical MHC class I proteins employ to interact with immune cells and render them inert towards the fetus.
A fetus is a tissue graft inside the mother’s uterus yet must be accepted by the mother to maintain a successful pregnancy. Reproductive insufficiency and pregnancy failure are major causes of production loss in cattle, especially in cloned animals. Knowledge …
Analysis Of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Panels For Bovine Dna Identification, Kimberly A. Blanchard
Analysis Of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Panels For Bovine Dna Identification, Kimberly A. Blanchard
All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have great power in resolving questions of unknown parentage on ranches or dairies where errors could have been made in pedigree record keeping or when such records were simply not kept. Currently a panel of 88 SNPs based on a panel originally created by USDA-MARC is commercially available from the company Fluidigm®. Our objective was to determine whether or not the number of SNPs could be reduced to form a smaller, more cost-efficient parentage-testing panel. A smaller panel would be beneficial to farmers and researchers alike in the reduction of time spent running and …
Regulation And Expression Of Nanog, Oct4, And Sox2 In The Bovine Blastocyst Following Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer, Justin Scott Hall
Regulation And Expression Of Nanog, Oct4, And Sox2 In The Bovine Blastocyst Following Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer, Justin Scott Hall
All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023
The Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences Department (ADVS) and the Center for Integrated Biosystems (CIB) at Utah State University are studying various molecular mechanisms involved in the animal cloning process. This study involves the extensive network of people, facilities, equipment, and funding already associated with the CIB and ADVS joint project.
Cloning involves many molecular challenges that for the most part have become roadblocks for the normal development of the fetus. The mechanisms necessary to transform an adult cell into a competent stem cell that can then transform and develop into a healthy organism are poorly understood. Some of these …
Apoptotic And Epigenetic Induction Of Embryo Failure Following Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer, Aaron Patrick Davis
Apoptotic And Epigenetic Induction Of Embryo Failure Following Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer, Aaron Patrick Davis
All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023
The cloning of domestic species has tremendous potential, as the technology can be used in selective breeding, conservation, and the production of transgenic animals. The technique of cloning involves the transplant of DNA from a cell to a recipient gamete. Following transfer to a surrogate, the cloned embryo may successfully complete development to a live offspring. Despite intensive research, the success rate of cloning remains prohibitively low, and the potential benefits of cloning have not yet been realized. Embryos produced from cloning suffer from high rates of embryo degradation, implantation failure, and abortion. The goal of this dissertation research project …
Mechanisms And Signal Transduction Pathways Involved In Bovine Oocyte Activation, Ammon Hanson Bayles
Mechanisms And Signal Transduction Pathways Involved In Bovine Oocyte Activation, Ammon Hanson Bayles
All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023
Being able to create a genetically identical, living replicate of a prized animal sounds impossible. Through advanced scientific methods and the wonders of mother nature it can be accomplished by a process called cloning. In 2003, the USU Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Science department and Dr. Kenneth L. White gained world wide recognition when they, along with a team for Idaho, cloned the first equine species.
Cloning certain animals could be very advantageous to the agricultural industry. Prized animals that have died could be cloned, producing the best meat and milk supply. Animals that are sterile or endangered could be …
Survival Of Mycoplasma Species In Recycled Bedding Sand And Possible Implications For Disease Transmission To Ruminants, Anne E. Justice-Allen
Survival Of Mycoplasma Species In Recycled Bedding Sand And Possible Implications For Disease Transmission To Ruminants, Anne E. Justice-Allen
All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023
Mycoplasmas are a group of bacteria which are small in size, lack a cell wall, and have small genomes in comparison to other bacteria. The members of the group that are pathogenic utilize several mechanisms to evade the host's immune system. These processes affect surveillance and control mechanisms such as serologic testing and vaccination. Many of these organisms cause diseases of livestock, which heavily impact production parameters such as weight gain, milk yield, and egg production. Mycoplasmas also cause disease in people.
Mycoplasma spp. can cause mastitis, metritis, pneumonia, and arthritis. The currently documented routes of transmission of Mycoplasma spp. …
Design And Evaluation Of Oligonucleotide Microarrays For The Detection Of Bovine Pathogens, Ryan Weldon Black
Design And Evaluation Of Oligonucleotide Microarrays For The Detection Of Bovine Pathogens, Ryan Weldon Black
All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023
Two microarray designs were developed and produced to screen for multiple bovine pathogens commonly found in the cattle industry today. The first microarray was designed, built, and processed in-house using conventional material and equipment and targeted Pasteurella multocida, Manheimia haemolytica, Histophilus somni, and Arcanobacterium pyogenes. For each pathogen, 12 perfect-match oligonucleotide probes, which were also designed in-house, targeted different sections of the respective 16S ribosomal genes, and were coupled with 12 corresponding mismatched probes for background. These arrays were able to produce distinct hybridization patterns for each pathogen that were easily visible without the need for …
Bovine Somatotropin In Milk, Charlotte P. Brennand Phd, Clell V. Bagley Dvm
Bovine Somatotropin In Milk, Charlotte P. Brennand Phd, Clell V. Bagley Dvm
Archived Food and Health Publications
Publication discusses the controversy associated with Bovine Somatotropin in milk.
The Influence Of Fluorescent Light On The Development Of In Vitro Fertilized Bovine Oocytes, Jared Bunch
The Influence Of Fluorescent Light On The Development Of In Vitro Fertilized Bovine Oocytes, Jared Bunch
Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects
Advances in in vitro fertilization and in vitro culture techniques have allowed considerable progress in identifying physiological requirements of mammalian embryos. Parrish et al. (11) reported a major breakthrough on in vitro fertilization when his group identified heparin as an important factor for the capacitation of spermatozoa. Capacitation is necessary for fertilization of matured oocytes. During the precoculture era of embryos (prior to 1980), the development of early preirnplantation embryos was vary limited regardless of medium, medium supplement, gas atmosphere, osmolarity or pH used (7). Coculture techniques of fertilized oocytes using somatic cells during in vitro production, particularly of bovine …
Effects Of Antioxidants On Development Of In Vitro Fertilized Bovine Embryos, Bret L. Anderson
Effects Of Antioxidants On Development Of In Vitro Fertilized Bovine Embryos, Bret L. Anderson
All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023
Free radicals are short-lived molecules that can cause decreased embryonic development in vitro. Antioxidants are molecules that block free radical formation or guard against their harmful effects. Many studies have linked exposure of media to light and culturing of embryos in high (20%) oxygen concentrations to free radical production. Some of the antioxidants used in culture media are superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, zinc (II), ethylenedinitrilo tetraacetic acid (EDTA), mannitol, vitamin E, dimethyl sulfide, and taurine. Most research involving antioxidants and embryonic development has been conducted on non-farm animals, particularly mouse and rabbit. Studies have shown that antioxidants in vitro culture …
Use Of The Polymerase Chain Reaction In The Detection Of Bovine Leukosis, Emma Jane Kelly
Use Of The Polymerase Chain Reaction In The Detection Of Bovine Leukosis, Emma Jane Kelly
All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023
A diagnostic test for bovine leukosis was developed using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify a 375 base pair region in the gag gene of the proviral genome.
Blood samples were collected from 3 adult Holstein cows shown to be infected with bovine leukosis virus (BLV) by the agar-gel immunodiffusion (AGID) technique. The 3 samples were mixed and the composite blood was used to inoculate 10 cows. Five of the cows were inoculated with 0.1 ml of blood, and the other cows were inoculated with 1 ml of blood. Five of the cows were negative for BLV by AGID …
Changes In The Vulvular And Vestibular Tissue Of The Bovine During The Estrous Cycle As Determined By The Use Of Near Infrared Interactance, Robert Alan Kunzler
Changes In The Vulvular And Vestibular Tissue Of The Bovine During The Estrous Cycle As Determined By The Use Of Near Infrared Interactance, Robert Alan Kunzler
All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023
Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy is routinely used for the analysis of quality components of feedstuffs. Near infrared spectrophotometers, coupled with a fiber optic probe, could enable direct measurements of the live animal. This study was conducted to characterize changes in the vulva and vestibule during the bovine estrous cycle using near infrared (NI) spectroscopy. Sixteen cycling Holstein cows were observed for estrus twice daily from 40 days postpartum for three estrous cycles or until conception was verified. In addition, weekly rectal palpations, cowside milk progesterone tests, and tailhead chalk were used to aid in estrous detection. Near infrared spectra of …