Life Sciences Commons^™

Circular No. 18 - Better Horses For Utah, W. E. Carroll

UAES Circulars

The two chief factors which determine the profits realized from the horse breeding business are the cost of production and the quality of the product put on the market. As land values increase, taxes automatically become higher, and this together with the increasing cost of labor, makes the feed and care given the horse more expensive. These factors are so completely independent of the horse breeder that he has little control over the cost of production. This statement is not intended to convey the idea that no account should be taken of costs, or that costs do not vary. Quite …

Bulletin No. 142 - Irrigation Of Peaches, L. D. Batchelor

UAES Bulletins

The writer took up the study of the irrigation of peaches in the spring of 1913 after being connected in a co-operative way with a similar problem during the years 1911 and 1912. The results which follow are primarily from notes taken during 1913 and 1914. Free access has been made, however, to notes taken on the similar problem noted above, when the author was associated with Prof. Walter McLaughlin in connection with a co-operative irrigation problem. Some of the results of 1913 were materially influenced by the treatment of the orchard in 1912.

Circular No. 21 - Dry-Farming In Utah, F. S. Harris, A. D. Ellison

UAES Circulars

It was only a few years after the settlement of Utah in 1847 that occasional attempts were made to raise crops without the use of irrigation water, but these first attempts usually resulted in failure. Not until in the sixties could any degree of success be claimed. About this time, farmers in the valley of the Great Salt Lake and in Cache Valley began raising crops regularly on land located above the canal. From then to the present time a measure of success has been enjoyed by the better dry-farmer in some sections, and hardly a year of complete failure …

Bulletin No. 141 - Variation In Minimum Temperatures Due To The Topography Of A Mountain Valley In Its Relation To Fruit Growing, L. D. Batchelor, F. L. West

UAES Bulletins

The most destructive weather enemy in all fruit growing sections is the late spring frost which frequently occurs after warm weather has caused the fruit blossoms to become fully developed. The variation in severity of such frosts in mountain valleys is a phenomenon well known to the practical orchardist. The actual extent of this variation and the contributing causes have claimed only a very little attention from scientific workers in the mountainous regions. The present publcation is a preliminary report of investigations which were planned to measure the extent of such temperature variations, and acertain if possible some of the …

Guide To The Experiments In Cropping Now Running At The State Farms Of Narrogin, Merredin, Chapman, Geo L. Sutton

Grain and other field crops published reports

The publication of this Guide to experiments conducted at the State Farms is deemed desirable, in order that farmers may be made acquainted with the nature of the work and the progressive results obtained, The purpose of the alteration of practice initiated at the State Farms during the past three years is to carry on an original and definite plan for the improvement of agricultural methods, and to this end a series of experiments have been undertaken which would entail too much expense on the individual farmer, or involve a departure from his routine practice before the value of the …

Circular No. 17 - The Number And Distribution Of Licensed Stallions And Jacks In The State In 1913, W. E. Carroll

UAES Circulars

Table No. 1 shows the number of licensed stallions and jacks of each breed in each county of the State. It will be seen that 439 licenses have been issued. Of these 92 are grades, which means that 79 per cent of all the licensed animals of the State are purebred. Cache County leads with 59 licensed animals, including 8 grades. Sevier County stands second with 51, including 8 grade animals. Sanpete County has 43 licensed animals, including 10 grades. Utah County has 44, two of which are grades. The number of licensed animals vary in the other counties from …

Circular No. 16 - Better Seed, Frank S. Harris

UAES Circulars

It is impossible to produce good crops unless good seed is used. The soil may be of the best quality and it may be prepared in the most thorough manner, the supply of moisture may be ample, the season may be the most favorable, yet all these count for little if worthless seed is planted.

The Inheritance Of A Recurring Somatic Variation In Variegated Ears Of Maize, R. A. Emerson

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

The inheritance of variegation has special interest and importance in genetics. It is with forms of variegation that the only two certainly known cases of non-Mendelian inheritance have had to do. I refer to Baur's experiments with Pelargonium, in which crosses of green-leaved and white-leaved forms exhibited somatic segregations in F₁ that bred true in later generations, and to Correns 's work with Mirabilis, which showed green and white leaf color, to be inherited through the mother only. De Vries's con- ception of "ever-sporting" varieties was apparently founded largely upon the behavior of variegated flowers in pedigree …

Multiple Factors Vs. "Golden Mean" In Size Inheritance, R. A. Emerson

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Groth's preliminary note on the "golden mean" in the inheritance of sizes in SCIENCE of April 17, 1914, pp. 581-584, deserves the attention of geneticists. Its publication is of such recent date that I need only call attention to one or two points that seem to me of particular moment.

In brief, Groth's hypothesis is that the mode

of inheritance in F_l not only of surfaces and

volumes, but also of linear dimensions is to be

expressed by √ab rather than by a + b /2

where a and b are parent sizes. The hypothesis

is based upon …

Bulletin No. 129 - Codling Moth Studies In 1911: The Driving Spray Under Excessively Wormy Conditions, E. D. Ball, W. M. Ball

UAES Bulletins

Spraying experiments against the codling moth were carried on upon the Smart orchard until the number of worms per tree was reduced to such an extent that no accurate comparisons could be made between different treatments. As a result of the work on this and other orchards, practically every commercial orchard in the valley was by this time well sprayed and the worms reduced to a point where one driving spray per season would keep them under control.

In the meantime a number of questions arose which required very wormy conditions to adequately investigate. Search was therefore made for orchards …

Circular No. 15 - Pastures And Pasture Grasses For Utah, F. S. Harris

UAES Circulars

Since the earliest records of man his domestic animals have secured a large proportion of their forage from pastures. Before crops were planted and harvested by man the wild grasses furnished the chief food for numerous kinds of animals, and the cutting and curing of hay came as a later development to supplement natural pasturage in seasons of scarcity.

Circular No. 14 - Housing Farm Poultry, Byron Alder

UAES Circulars

With the exception, perhaps, of actual starvation of the fowls themselves, there is no other factor in connection with the keeping of poultry that will affect egg production and good vigorous growth so decidedly as poor or improper methods of housing. This circular sets forth some of the essentials of a good house for Utah conditions, and offers plans of three houses in which an attempt has been made to include these essentials. The ideas and plans presented here do not represent anyone person's original work. They are a compilation of the work done on this subject by those who …

Bulletin No. 123 - Farm Drainage: A Manual Of Instruction, Chas F. Brown

UAES Bulletins

In addition to emphasizing the general need for drainage in the arid regions with reference to seepage and alkali problems, this bulletin is intended as a practical treatise covering all engineering phases of farm drainage, from the general observations concerning specific needs of drainage, to the realizations of successful reclamation. It is made up of two parts for convenience in handling and distribution, Part I, Manual of General Instruction, and Part II, Practical Discussion of Problems.

Bulletin No. 125 - The Chemical Milling And Bake Value Of Utah Wheats, Robert Stewart, C. T. Hirst

UAES Bulletins

The Chemical Department of the Utah Experiment Station, since 1903, has been conducting investigations regarding the value of different wheats grown in the State. The results obtained during the years 1903 to 1906 were published as Bulletin No. 103 of this station. A special investigation in 1910 regarding the influence of the combined harvester on the value of the wheat was conducted and the results obtained issued as Bulletin No. 113. The results reported in the following pages were obtained during the progress of these investigations during the years 1907, 1908, and 1909. The method of milling the samples of …

Circular No. 10 - The Control Of The Alfalfa Weevil, E. G. Titus

UAES Circulars

During the work with the alfalfa \weevil throughout several very different seasons and in different regions, of the State, a number of methods of control have been developed that bid fair to be of service in combating this insect. The prospect for the alfalfa grower in the infested area looks more hopeful each year. It is the purpose of this circular to give a brief account of the alfalfa weevil, its present distribution, and the principal methods that appear to be of value in its control.

Circular No. 13 - Fruit For Exhibition, Leon D. Batchelor

UAES Circulars

The basis of a good fruit exhibit is necessarily good cultural conditions to produce good fruit. Then it depends on the exhibitor's ability to select his best fruit. Do not wait until the crop is picked to select show specimens. The successful exhibitor makes his prize selections in the orchard while the fruit i still on the tree. By viewing the fruit as it hangs naturally on the tree, and by carefully surveying the different trees in the orchard a good comparison of a large quantity of fruit can be made. The prize fruit is generally on the outermost branches, …

The Possible Origin Of Mutations In Somatic Cells, R. A. Emerson

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

That mutations are accompanied by some change in the germ-plasm is, I take it, indisputable. Have we, however, any reason to suppose that the change takes place within the germ cells? I am not sure, as a matter of fact, that genetists in general regard the gametes as the place of origin of mutations. It is true, however, that experiments in the artificial production of mutations in plants have been limited largely to treatments of the ovaries from about the time of the reduction division to about the time of fertilization. This suggests a belief on the part of investigators …

Shorter Articles And Discussion Simplified Mendelian Formulae, R. A. Emerson

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

I was somewhat surprised by 'Morgan's and Castle's suggestions for a simplification of Mendelian formulae. My surprise was not occasioned so much by the forms these suggestions took as by the fact that any pronounced changes were deemed necessary. I had not only employed the usual formula in my own work but had found no difficulty worth mentioning in understanding the formula used by most other workers in Mendelian fields. My experience with students in elementary courses in genetics had not prepared me for the idea that such formula were particularly difficult. Nevertheless I believe in simplifying the formulae if …

Shorter Articles And Reports: The Simultaneous Modification Of Distinct Mendelian Factors, R. A. Emerson

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

In another paper on the inheritance of a recurring somatic variation in variegated ears of maize, it was shown that the amount of red color developed in the pericarp of variegated seeds bears a definite relation to the development of color in the progeny of such seeds. The relation is such that the more color there is in the pericarp of the seeds planted the more likely are they to produce plants with wholly self-red ears and correspondingly the less likely to produce plants with variegated ears. Self-red ears thus produced behave just as if they were hybrids between self-red …

Circular No. 7 - Labor Saving Devices For The Farm Home, Leah D. Widtsoe

UAES Circulars

This paper was written for and read before the first International Congress of Farm Women held at Colorado Springs, October 17th to 21st, 1911. A few changes have been made in the manuscript and some illustrations added.

The name indicates that it is written for the progressive farmers of some means--since all labor saving devices cost more or less money. The farm home which finds it difficult to keep flour in the barrel, naturally will not be interested in $125.00 water systems--except as an ideal they may attain to some day, and ideals are always helpful. To find ways and …

Circular No. 6 - Measurement And Distribution Of Irrigation Water, L. M. Winsor

UAES Circulars

This circular has been prepared to meet the more urgent and immediate needs of the water user. The complications which usually arise in water measurement have been eliminated to such an extent that anyone who will follow the few simple instructions outlined in the following pages can learn to measure the flow of irrigation streams under ordinary conditions.

Circular No. 5 - Boys' Potato Clubs: How To Grow The Crop And Organization, J. C. Hogenson

UAES Circulars

The object of the organization is to encourage, interest and instruct its members in agriculture, and particularly in the best methods of growing potatoes. "Efficiency" is the motto of the clubs. Efficiency in any good work is true and profitable education. To do good things intelligently and with cheerful spirit entitles the member to the highest degree of approval.

The Unexpected Occurrence Of Aleurone Colors In F2 Of A Cross Between Non-Colored Varieties Of Maize, R. A. Emerson

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Before the Mendelian methods of analysis became available, considerable wonder would doubtless have been excited by the "mysterious" appearance in F₂ of one colored grain-purple or red-to every five or six white ones in case of a maize cross, both parents and F, of which had only white grains. An occurrence of this sort has recently been noted in one of my maize cultures and the F2 numbers are explained here as a trihybrid or tetrahybrid ratio. The crosses in question were made primarily for a study of size inheritance and fairly large numbers have been grown. The varieties …

Discussion And Correspondence Coupling Vs. Random Segregation, R. A. Emerson

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

To the editor of science: The suggestion offered by Morgan, in SCIENCE of September 22, to account for the coupling and repulsion of factors for various characters in inheritance in such forms as Abraxas, Drosophila, fowls, sweet peas, etc., incites this note.

Briefly Morgan's hypothesis is (1) that the materials representing factors that couple are "near together in a linear series" in the chromosomes; (2) that, when pairs of parental chromosomes conjugate, "like regions stand opposed "; (3) that "homologous chromosomes twist around each other," but that the separation of chromosomes is in a single "plane"; (4) that, thereby the …

Bulletin No. 112 - A Report Of Seven Years' Investigation Of Dry Farming Methods, Lewis A. Merrill

UAES Bulletins

The permanent settlement of Utah was made possible because of the introduction of irrigation methods but the growing of crops without irrigation was successfully practiced soon after the settlement of the territory. From the existing records and from the words of many of the veterans still living it is evident that many attempts were made to grow wheat in the early 50's without irrigation. Most of these attempts failed, because they were made on irrigated lands. In 1865, however, an experiment on a much more extended scale was made.

The Inheritance Of Sizes And Shapes In Plants, R. A. Emerson

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Some years ago Lock reported a cross of a tall race of maize with a shorter race which produced an intermediate height in F₁ and exhibited no segregation in F₂ when crossed back with one of the parents. Castle's results with rabbits are very similar to those of Lock with maize. Castle summarizes his results in part as follows:

A cross between rabbits differing in ear-length produces offspring with ears of intermediate length, varying about the mean of the parental ear-lengths. . . . A study of the offspring of the primary cross-breds shows the blend of the …

Bulletin No 32 - Noxious Weeds And Poison Plants, Department Of Agriculture, Western Australia

Bulletins 1 - 2999

Many settlers, new to this State, find some difficulty in distinguishing those vegetable pests which are classed as noxious weeds, the eradication of which is made compulsory under the Noxious Weeds Act of 1904.

In order to facilitate the ready recognition of the plants which are the least familiar, the Department of Agriculture has prepared this Bulletin, giving illustrations of the several varieties which have been gazetted as noxious. these are: - Stinkwort, Bathurst Burr, Noogoorn Burr, Nut Bramble, Spanish Radish, Prickly Pear, Apple of Sodom, sweet Briar, Wild Bramble, Star Thistle (purple), Double Gee and Water hyacinth.

Irrigation Farming: A Handbook For The Proper Application Of Water In The Production Of Crops, Lucius M. Wilcox

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

A handbook for the application of water in the production of crops.

Bulletin No. 101 - Feeding Experiments With Cattle, Sheep, Swine And Horses, R. W. Clark

UAES Bulletins

Since the establishment of sugar factories in this State, considerable inquiry has arisen regarding the food value of sugar beets and the by-products of the factories. The last publication from this station on the subject was Bulletin No. 90 which gave the results of feeding sugar beet pulp and molasses in various combinations to sheep and steers. Previous to the appearing of this publication some experimental work had been carried out in feeding sugar beets to swine and sugar beet pulp and beet molasses to sheep. The results secured seemed to warrant further work in the same direction and in …

Bulletin No. 100 - Arid Farming Investigations, W. M. Jardine

UAES Bulletins

The Utah Legislature of 1903 passed a bill providing for the investigation by the Experiment Station of dry-land farming problems in the State of Utah, and appropriating $12,500 to be expended in carrying on this work during the two years, 1903 and 1904. Six experimental dry farms were located one in each of the following counties: Iron, Juab, San Juan, Sevier, Tooele and Washington. A second appropriation of $15,500 was made by the Legislature of 1905, for the purpose of continuing, the investigations.