Life Sciences Commons^™

Bulletin 119 - Take-All Of Wheat And Similar Diseases Of Cereals, W. M. Carne, J. G.C. Campbell

Bulletins 1 - 2999

This important disease, known also as Footrot, Blackleg, and Whiteheads, affects wheat principally, but also occurs on barley, rye, and certain grasses. In a very few instances it has been known to attack oats, but this is so rare that oats may be regarded for practical purposes as free from attack. Of the grasses attacked the most important, from a farming point of view in Western Australia, are Bailey Grass (Hordeum murinum), Silver Grass (Festuca bromoides and F. myuros), and the so-called Spear grasses (Bromus spp.). These annual grasses are very common in the wheat belt.

Bulletin 121 - Mildew, Septoria, Leaf Spots And Similar Diseases Of Cereals, W. M. Carne, J. G. C. Campbell

Bulletins 1 - 2999

Mildew attacks all the cereals as well as many grasses. but as in black stem rust the fungus has developed specialised races, one attacking wheat, another barley, another rye and so on, so that the form attacking wheat will not attack oats, etc

A Genetic View Of Sex Expression In The Flowering Plants, R. A. Emerson

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

It seems a conservative statement to say that studies

of the past twenty years among animal forms have

tended increasingly to link the phenomena of sex inheritance

with the behavior of chromosomes. To this

result, cytology and genetics have contributed perhaps

almost equally. The number of forms in which

one sex is known to have a morphologically different

chromosome complex from the other sex are many.

That, with respect to the chromosomes, the female of

certain forms produces gametes of a single kind,

whereas the male produces two kinds, and that in

turn an egg fertilized by one kind of …

Control Of Flowering In Teosinte: Short-Day Treatment Brings Early Flowers, R. A. Emerson

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Attempts to force teosinte into flower in mid-summer, in order to facilitate hybridizing it with maize, have afforded considerable information concerning the flowering time of teosinte under diverse conditions. The possibility that some of this information may be of use to others suggests its publication. The paper is, therefore, to be considered as a help in the technique of teosinte and maize hybridization rather than a contribution ~to the solution of the physiological problems involved.

Size And Structure Of Leaves Of Cereals In Relation To Climate, William Edward Bruner, John E. Weaver

University Studies (University of Nebraska) (1888–1984)

Although a very large amount of work has been done on the variation in form, size, and anatomical structure of native plants grown under different conditions, relatively little attention has been given to similar studies of crop plants. As far as we are able to ascertain, no investigations have been made of variation in the leaves of cereal crops grown under widely different, measured environments.

During the past few years (1920-23), in connection with studies on the development and activities of the roots of crop plants (Weaver, Jean, and Crist, 1922), plant production as a measure of environment (Weaver, 1924), …

Circular No. 48 - Rural Credits In Utah, E. B. Brossard

UAES Circulars

The subject of rural credits is of interest to farmers, bankers, investors, and all others concerned about public welfare. This circular is written for the purpose of giving general information about agricultural credit conditions existing at the present time, with special reference to mortgage credit in Utah and the Federal Farm Loan System as now amended. The passage of the Federal Intermediate Credits Act, approved March 4, 1923 makes this an opportune time to check up on the situation.

Bulletin No. 186 - Irrigation Experiments With Sugar Beets, F. S. Harris, D. W. Pittman

UAES Bulletins

A previous bulletin of this station gives the results of an experiment on the irrigation of sugar-beets continuing for five years. Since this experiment was deemed of sufficient importance to merit our best attention and since the climatic conditions which largely determine what is the best irrigation practice may not for so short a period properly represent the average of the community, it was thought advisable to continue the experiment, with certain modifications, for an additional five years. This bulletin reports the results of these last 5-years' work together with such general conclusions as can be drawn from the entire …

Bulletin No. 187 - Irrigation Experiments With Potatoes, F. S. Harris, D. W. Pittman

UAES Bulletins

In a previous bulletin of this station are given the results of an experiment on different irrigation treatments of potatoes continued for five years. In view of the importance of the potato crop and of the importance of having it properly irrigated it was considered advisable to continue the experiment, with certain modifications based on experience, for a further period of five years. This total period of ten years should include most of the climatic variations which are common in this locality, and by eliminating the more unsatisfactory irrigation systems a closer approximation to the best system should be found. …

Bulletin No. 185 - The Influence Of Nitrogen In Soil On Azofication, J. E. Greaves, D. H. Nelson

UAES Bulletins

Many soils of the arid west have a rich active azofying flora. This is due in no small measure to their composition. They are high in calcium and magnesium carbonate and contain a good supply of available phosphorus and potassium but have a low nitrogen content. They are poor in organic carbon; hence, their native supply of energy is limited. It is well-known that a liberal supply of rapidly decaying organic matter is beneficial, and this is being supplied to some soils in the form of manures. This will increase the nitrogen content of the soil. What effect will this …

Bulletin No. 184 - A Farm-Management Study Of The Great Salt Lake Valley, George Stewart

UAES Bulletins

This survey had for its purpose the study of farm organization in Great Salt Lake Valley. It is hoped that some conclusions may have been reached as to how to improve farming conditions. The records were taken during the summer of 1915 and consequently represent the farm business for 1914. Ordinarily the period of time that has elapsed since the records were taken would be too long to justify their being published. In view of the fact, however, that the World War began in 1914 and that its effects on the prices of farm products lasted until 1921, it is …

Bulletin 115 - The Value Of Windmills For Pumping Water In Western Australia, A. H. Scott

Bulletins 1 - 2999

It is surprising to note the dearth of up-to-date reliable information dealing with actual results of modern windmills, under working conditions, though literature on thousands of other subjects less important can usually be obtained.

In this bulletin there is presented a complete and accurate record of the amount of water pumped daily by a windmill, under actual working conditions, for a period of 14 months.

Bulletin 111 - Standard Wheat Varieties For The W. A. Wheat Belt, Geo L. Sutton, F. Vanzetti

Bulletins 1 - 2999

Graded selected Pedigree seed is produced at the Chapman and Merredin Experiment Farms.

Bulletin 105 - Pedigree Selection Of Seed At The Chapman And Merredin Experiment Farms, Geo L. Sutton

Bulletins 1 - 2999

A Paper read before the Royal Society of the Royal Society of Western Australia, 12th October,1921.

"Pedigree" or "Pure Line" selection is that system of selection under which the choice is made, not. solely because of the attractive appearance of the plant, but because of its ability to transmit its good qualities to the progeny. Such a system requires, and the method of selection ensures, that the qualities sought after shall be hereditary. For this purpose a record of ancestry is essential, hence the use of the term "pedigree."

Pericarp Studies In Maize. I. The Inheritance Of Pericarp Colors, E. G. Anderson, R. A. Emerson

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Introduction ... 466

Nomenclature ... 467

Pigments present in colored pericarp ... 467

Factor relations of pericarp colors ... 468

Factor relations of red pericarp, P ... 468

Factor relations of cherry pericarp ... 471

Discussion and Summary ... 474

Literature Cited ... 475

Bulletin No. 183 - Water-Holding Capacity Of Irrigated Soils, Orson W. Israelsen, Frank L. West

UAES Bulletins

All information that will 'enable the irrigator to use water economically is valuable to arid-climate agriculture. In many arid-climate regions, including the western part of the United States, excessive waste of water occurs in the irrigation of highland porous soil areas, as a result of lack of information concerning the capacity of the soil to hold water. Following the waste of water on the uplands by excessive percolation through open soils, vast lowland areas are rendered partially or wholly nonproductive by water-logging. To illustrate, a gravelly bench soil four feet deep, if underlain by a coarse open gravel to a …

Bulletin No. 178 - The Irrigation Of Barley, F. S. Harris, D. W. Pittman

UAES Bulletins

The proper use of irrigation water is one of the most important problems of every comnunity and of every farmer in an irrigated district. The irrigation farmer has largely under his control one of the most important factors in determining the yield and quality of his crops and one over which all other farmers have little control at all. On the other hand, in an arid district there is generally less available irrigation water than is needed to give the optimum amount to all the land, or if one region receives an excess there is generally an accumulation of alkali …

Circular No. 47 - Celery Culture For Utah, T. H. Abell

UAES Circulars

At one time practically all the celery consumed in Utah was shipped from California and eastern states. It was soon discovered, however, that celery could be raised in Utah, and as the population increased more and more acres were utilized in the production of this crop. Very little found its way to the outside markets, but what little did get out was well received because of its very high quality. Men who travel say that "Utah Celery" on the menu on trains and in hotels means the best there is in celery.

Within recent years several carloads have been shipped …

Bulletin No. 181 - Duty-Of-Water Investigations On Coal Creek, Utah, Arthur Fife

UAES Bulletins

Coal Creek flows from the west slope of the part of the Wasatch Mountain range which is located in the southeast part of Iron County, Utah. Its drainage area is almost 100 square miles.

Seasonal and daily stream-flow fluctuations are very pronounced. During the high water of spring the flow has reached more than 600 second-feet. At the time of high water, the daily fluctuations are the greatest. During the low water season in July and August, the flow has dropped as low as 12 second-feet since 1917, when accurate records were first kept; and, from the accounts of early …

Bulletin No. 182 - The Net Duty Of Water In Sevier Valley, Orson W. Israelsen, Luther M. Winsor

UAES Bulletins

The Sevier River is one of the most important sources of irrigation water in Utah. It rises in two main branches. The south fork rises in Kane County and flows almost due north to Junction in Piute County, where it joins the east fork, which rises partly in Garfield County and partly in Sevier County. The Garfield County branch of the east fork flows north, and the Sevier County Branch flows south to Coyote where the two tributaries join and flow westward into Junction. From Junction, the river flows northward past Marysvale, Sevier, Richfield, Salina, Gunnison, and Mills, where it …

Genetic Interrelations Of Two Andromonoecious Types Of Maize, Dwarf And Anther Ear, R. A. Emerson, Sterling H. Emerson

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Attention was called by Montgomery (1906)to the occasional appearance

of perfect flowers in the staminate inflorescence of maize and similar

cases were reported by Kempton (1913). Montgomery (1911) described

with illustrations a true-breeding type of semi-dwarf dent maize, the ears

of which were perfect-flowered. Perfect-flowered maize was described

and illustrated also by Blaringhem (1908, pp. 180-183). East and

Hayes (1911, pp. 13, 14) noted and illustrated a perfect-flowered sweet

corn. Weatherwax (1916, 1917) showed that typically pistillate

flowers of maize exhibit in microscopic sections the rudiments of stamens

and that staminate flowers show rudiments of pistils.

The Flat-Headed Apple-Tree Borer, Fred E. Brooks

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The flat-headed apple-tree borer, a serious orchard pest throughout the greater part of United States, is found from the Atlantic to Pacific and from Florida and Texas to Canada.

The larva, or grub, of this insect (which in the adult stage is a medium-sized beetle) bores in the bark and wood of a great variety of trees, but is best known as an enemy of apple, pear, peach, and other cultivated fruit trees. Its depredations are felt in almost every locality where orchards have been planted.

Fortunately, this borer almost invariably confines its attacks to the sunny sides of trees …

Circular No. 46 - Thirty Years Of Agricultural Experiments In Utah, F. S. Harris, N. I. Butt

UAES Circulars

The Utah Agricultural Experiment Station has been established over thirty years. During this time more than a hundred experimenters have worked on the staff, each one contributing something to aid in the researches that have been conducted. During the first few years regular annual reports were published, but during recent years no such reports have been issued. The results of the work of the Station have been published in station bulletins and circulars and in various technical journals.

Since there is no publication or series of publications that records all the activities of the Station it was thought desirable at …

Circular No. 45 - Alfalfa Production Under Irrigation, George Stewart

UAES Circulars

Alfalfa was first planted and cared for by half-civilized man long before any history was written. In spite of the fact that its line of descent has come thru the Medes and Persians by way of the Greeks, the Romans, the Moslems, and the Spaniards,--in spite of long sojourns in many lands, the heritage is still undefiled. Instead of losing in adaptability, possibly long centuries of trial have made it more fit. At any rate, here it is: high in power to yield, rich in power to nourish.

With its deep roots it laughs at drought and mellows up the …

Circular No. 44 - The Agriculture Of Utah, F. S. Harris

UAES Circulars

Agriculture is so intimately related to all other industries that anything which affects the farmer reflects itself in all branches of business. The banker, the merchant, and the manufacturer must keep in touch with crop and livestock conditions of the country in order to foresee the tendencies of their own businesses. This is particularly true in a state like Utah which depends fundamentally on the products of the soil for its prosperity.

Numerous requests are received by the Experiment Station from prospective settlers living out side of the state for information concerning the agriculture of Utah. These have been kept …

Bulletin No. 180 - The Irrigation Of Alfalfa, F. S. Harris, D. W. Pittman

UAES Bulletins

In the United States alfalfa-growing has gone hand in hand with the development of irrigation. Alfalfa did not become an important crop in the country until after irrigation began to be practised in the West. Very soon after the pioneers reached Utah, alfalfa was brought to the state where it found conditions well suited to its growth. Wherever settlement extended alfalfa was raised as one of the most important crops, and finally from the West it has spread eastward into the humid parts of the country.

Bulletin No. 179 - Apple Candy: A Commercial Use For Cull Apples, T. H. Abell

UAES Bulletins

Utah annually produces many tons of apples that never reach the consumer. These apples remain on the farm for various rwasons: (1) because there are not adequate marketing facilities, (2) because the fruit is of inferior quality, (3) because orchard units are too small for buyers to consider, and (4) because home orchards are so large that the crop cannot be utilized. On the other hand, apples of inferior quality go to the market alongside apples of high quality. The result is a lowering of the price of apples in general and dissatisfaction on the part of the retailer and …

Heritable Characters Of Maize: Ix. Crinkly Leaf, R. A. Emerson

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

In 1910 a strain of dent corn obtained at the National Corn Exposition held at Omaha was crossed with a strain of flint corn obtained from the Department of Agronomy of the University of Nebraska. The F₁ plants of this cross were normal and no abnormalities had been observed in the parent strains. But since the latter had not been subjected to self-pollination, there is no assurance that one or other of them did not have in it the character to be described here. In the F₂ generation of this cross there occurred a tpe of plant that …

The Apple-Tree Tent Caterpillar, A. L. Quaintance

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The Apple-Tree Tent Caterpillar makes the unsightly nests or tents to be seen in the spring in trees along roadways, fences, and streams, and' in orchards. It varies greatly in abundance from year to year or over longer periods. Wild cherry is the favorite food plant, but many other plants are attacked, including several orchard fruits, especially the apple. During years when caterpillars are abundant the trees may be so completely stripped of their foliage that larvae are forced to hunt other food plants and hence are to be seen in numbers crawling over the ground and fences and elsewhere. …

The Relative Frequency Of Crossing Over In Microspore And In Megaspore Development In Maize, R. A. Emerson, C. B. Hutchison

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

One of the early developments in the study of linkage in Drosophila was the discovery that the phenomenon of crossing over is confined to the female sex (Morgan 1912). The fact that no crossing over occurs in the male Drosophila holds true not only for sex-linked genes but for factors in the autosomes as well and is so well established that it affords a most convenient method of determining to which of the different linkage groups a new factor belongs.

The same phenomenon, but with the sexes reversed, obtains in the silkworm moth. Tanaka (1914, 1915) has found from back-cross …

Bulletin No. 177 - Some Types Of Irrigation Farming In Utah, E. B. Brossard

UAES Bulletins

As ordinarily used "type of farming" suggests general contrasts in the nature of farm business. The bases used in making these contrasts are: (1) sources of farm income, (2) number of farm enterprises, (3) amount of labor, capital, and management applied to each acre of land, and (4) farm practice with reference to maintenance of soil fertility. When based on sources of farm income, farms are classified as grain farms, hay farms, fruit farms, dairy farms, etc., according to the proportionate magnitude of the income from the different sources. When the number of farm enterprises is used as the basis, …