Transnational Law Commons^™

Research On Bias In Mediation: Policy Implications, Isak Svensson

Penn State Journal of Law & International Affairs (2012 - Present)

One of the most important and disputed questions within the field of international mediation concerns the issue of bias. The question of bias cuts to the core of what mediation is and the ways in which mediators can help the parties reach peace. Focusing on research on the role of neutrality and bias in international peace diplomacy in civil wars, this article draws out the policy implications of my own empirically-based work on the role of bias in the mediation of internal armed conflicts. This article suggests that neutrality should not be part of the definition of mediators, …

The Lack Of Coordination In Diplomatic Peacemaking, Birger Heldt

Penn State Journal of Law & International Affairs (2012 - Present)

The increased number of peacemaking actors during the past twenty years is accompanied by an increased amount of peacemaking, but also a low success rate. This article focuses on recent emerging conflicts. It finds that peacemaking is prevalent, but is often not coordinated with regard to choice of tools (mediation, arbitration, etc.), or the agenda or the issues of the talks. This lack of coordination has for many years been recognized as detrimental and may partly explain the low success rate. The article suggests that policymakers need to have a long-term strategy to address the coordination problem, part of which …

Foreword, I. William Zartman

Penn State Journal of Law & International Affairs (2012 - Present)

No abstract provided.

Translating Scholarship Into Policy, Scott Sigmund Gartner, Amy C. Gaudion

Penn State Journal of Law & International Affairs (2012 - Present)

There is an ever widening gap between conflict resolution policy makers and scholars—a tragedy given practitioners’ dire need for new ideas to help resolve deadly conflicts and the growing knowledge researchers have to share. Research tends to swing like a pendulum between analytic and rigorous methods and accessible and relevant approaches. We reject this tradeoff. We believe that research can be simultaneously rigorous and relevant, and analytic and accessible. Given the devastating loss of life associated with armed conflict, the need for translating research results into policy prescriptions is especially strong in peacemaking. The goal of this issue of the …

A Public Health Approach To Human Trafficking, Jonathan Todres

Faculty Publications By Year

Trafficked individuals experience physical, sexual and emotional violence at the hands of traffickers, pimps, employers, among others, and are exposed to various workplace, health and environmental hazards. The breadth of the harm suggests a role for a currently underutilized approach: public health methodologies. The field of public health offers vital skills and expertise in the fight against human trafficking.

Welfare Standards In U.S. And E.U. Antitrust Enforcement, Roger D. Blair, D. Daniel Sokol

UF Law Faculty Publications

The potential goals of antitrust are numerous. Goals matter to antitrust. We believe that it is total welfare rather than consumer welfare that should drive antitrust analysis. We use this Article as an opportunity to explore both a comparative analysis of welfare standards across E. U. and US. competition systems and the impact of welfare standards on global antitrust systemwide welfare.

In this Article, we analyze two types of situations in which there would be a different outcome based on the goal implemented. One scenario involves resale price maintenance (RPM). For RPM, we argue that even if there were a …

Managing Regulatory Arbitrage: An Alternative To Harmonization, Annelise Riles

Cornell Law Faculty Publications

This policy-oriented article argues for deploying conflict of laws doctrines as a tool of coordination in international financial governance.

Helping The Helpless: The Foreign Policy Strategies Underlying Humanitarian Rhetoric In American Refugee Law And Policy, Ashleigh Reif Kasper

Journal of the National Association of Administrative Law Judiciary

No abstract provided.

(Still) A "Real And Substantial" Mess: The Law Of Jurisdiction In Canada, Tanya Monestier

Law Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

The United States Government As Defendant - One Example Of The Need For A Uniform Liability Regime To Govern Outer Space And Space-Related Activities, Joseph A. Bosco

Pepperdine Law Review

No abstract provided.

Legality, Criminality And Agency Beyond The State: Forest Governance, Illegal Logging And Associated Trade, Lorraine Elliott

Transnational Business Governance Interactions Working Papers

This paper examines the disconnect between the literature on and practice of legality verification (LV) in the forest sector and what would seem to be a logical extension into the literature on and responses to forest crime and, more specifically, transnational criminality associated with trade in illegally logged timber. The apparently logical overlap between these two areas of endeavour arises because both are dealing with aspects of supply chains or chains of custody involving raw timber, forest products or timber products more generally. The disconnect, I suggest here, arises because of a lack of 'joined up thinking' between the two …

Transnational Business Governance Interaction And Competition Between Standard-Setting Initiatives: Labor Standards In Garment, Toys And Agriculture, Nicole Helmerich, Christopher Kaan

Transnational Business Governance Interactions Working Papers

This paper analyzes interactions within standard-setting networks in the area of social and labor rights. We examine the shape of transnational business governance interactions (TBGI), pathways, and interaction mechanisms in three sectors: garments, toys and agriculture. Our comparative analysis of each of these sectors reveals meaningful differences in both the organization of regulation networks and the resulting level of competition among participants. Overall, we find that the creation of a more inclusive and more coherent standard in a whole business sector comes with the cost of weaker rules and less monitoring. These industry-specific observations provide a springboard for future studies …

Private Governance, Public Implications And The Tightrope Of Regulatory Reform: The Isda Credit Derivatives Determinations Committees, John Biggins, Colin Scott

Transnational Business Governance Interactions Working Papers

Regulatory relationships in financial markets exemplify the importance and changing nature of transnational business governance interactions (TBGI). These interactions involve reciprocal forces of influence between private and public regulators. This paper examines one key case of private governance in financial markets: the emergence, structures and decision-making of Credit Derivatives Determinations Committees (DCs) of the International Swaps and Derivatives Association (ISDA). The paper highlights the mechanisms or 'pathways' of interaction between ISDA, governments, courts and public regulators. Interactions between state and non-state actors are shown to occur in both operational and policy spheres. ISDA is found to be a particularly resilient …

A System Of Transnational Business Interactions: The Case Of The Living Wage, David J. Doorey

Transnational Business Governance Interactions Working Papers

The subject of transnational business governance (TBG) interactions is an emerging field of study. These interactions are complex, involving multiple public and private actors crossing vast geopolitical spaces, with sometimes shared, but often conflicting interests. This complexity makes TBG interactions both an exciting new field of inquiry for scholars, but also an extremely challenging one. In these early days of theory development, it is useful to engage in a mapping exercise that will help scholars identify and test the relationships between the many inputs and outputs of TBG interactions. This new systems framework is demonstrated by reference to the complex …

Apologies In The Marketplace, Kish Vinayagamoorthy

Scholarly Articles

In order to better appreciate the insufficiency of money in repairing relationships, Part I describes the benefits that an apology brings to the injured party, transgressor, and the broader community in which the parties belong. Part II explains the increasing significance of relationships to certain categories of commercial transactions and provides examples of the types of relational damage that a contractual breach can cause to these commercial relationships. Part III explains how the benefits previously described in Part I are applicable to repairing the types of commercial relational harm described in Part II. Given that relationships matter especially in transnational …

The Integrated Approach—Regulating Private Human Spaceflight As Space Activity, Aircraft Operation, And High-Risk Adventure Tourism, Frans G. Von Der Dunk

Space, Cyber, and Telecommunications Law Program: Faculty Publications

One of the overriding issues concerning private human spaceflight concerns how to properly regulate this specific new type of activity. Noting that in the discussion regarding regulation thereof usually the three distinct regimes of space law, air law and high-risk adventure tourism law are drawn upon to look for solutions, the present paper addresses the key elements of each of these approaches as they are to some extent already currently being applied and where, as a consequence, gaps and overlaps arise, as well as presents an effort to address the latter in a sensible, coherent, efficient and feasible manner.

Evolutionary Pull, Practical Difficulties, And Ethical Boundaries: Using Facebook To Serve Process On International Defendants, Hans Van Horn

Global Business & Development Law Journal

No abstract provided.

The D.C. Circuit Court’S Opinion In Hunter V. Ferc: A Panacea For Resolving A Jurisdictional Dispute Or Mere Panache?, 2 J. Marshall Global Mkt. L.J. 69 (2013), Matthew Kluchenek, Regina Speed-Bost, Laura Chipkin, Rachel Remke

John Marshall Global Markets Law Journal

The Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”) and the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (“FERC”) were in a jurisdictional tug-of-war until March 2013, when the D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals issued a much anticipated decision in Hunter v. FERC. This Article discusses the Hunter case, which offered some clarity as to the jurisdictional boundaries of the CFTC and FERC with regard to certain types of futures contracts. Historically, the CFTC has been authorized by the Commodity Exchange Act (“CEA”) to prevent and regulate fraud and manipulation in the futures market. On the other hand, FERC is an independent agency charged with the …

Transatlantic Mutual Recognition In The Field Of Global Financial Regulation, 2 J. Marshall Global Mkt. L.J. 43 (2013), Nico Klein

John Marshall Global Markets Law Journal

International cooperation and coordination among countries is a highly sought after goal for many. In that regard, in order to achieve international cooperation and coordination, this Article focuses on the concept of mutual recognition and the key areas of global financial regulatory reform to which the concept could be applied. The benefits of mutual recognition are increased market liberalization, facilitation of private cross-border movement, and increased regulatory standards. To discuss the concept of mutual recognition, this Article examines the European Union/European Economic Area approach provided by the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (“MiFID”). This Article reviews the EU’s idea of …

Buyer Beware: Electronic Letters Of Credit And The Need For Default Rules, William Patrick Cronican

McGeorge Law Review

No abstract provided.

Bargaining Practices: Negotiating The Kampala Compromise For The International Criminal Court, Noah Weisbord

Faculty Publications

At the International Criminal Court's (ICC) Review Conference in 2010, the ICC's Assembly of States Parties (ASP) agreed upon a definition of the crime of aggression, jurisdictional conditions, and a mechanism for its entry into force (the "Kampala Compromise"). These amendments give the ICC jurisdiction to prosecute political and military leaders of states for planning, preparing, initiating, or executing illegal wars, beginning as early as January 2017.

This article explains the bargaining practices of the diplomats that gave rise to this historic development in international law. This article argues that the international-practices framework, as currently conceived, does not adequately capture …

The Mens Rea Of The Crime Of Aggression, Noah Weisbord

Faculty Publications

This article, written in commemoration of the tenth anniversary of the International Criminal Court (ICC), explores the mens rea of the crime of aggression. The definition and jurisdictional conditions of the crime of aggression was recently incorporated into the ICC’s Rome Statute, thereby reviving a crime used during the Nuremberg trials to prosecute Nazi leaders after World War II. Mens rea is an important, even central, consideration when judging whether a defendant has satisfied all of the elements of the crime of aggression.

The starting point for this exploration of the mens rea of the crime of aggression is its …

Pitfalls In Brazilian Bankruptcy Law For International Bond Investors, Jeffrey M. Anapolsky, Jessica F. Woods

Journal of Business & Technology Law

No abstract provided.

Abandoning Foreign Depositors In A Bank Failure? The Efta Court Judgment In Efta Surveillance Authority V. Iceland, 2 J. Marshall Global Mkt. L.J. 1 (2013), Valia Babis

John Marshall Global Markets Law Journal

Deposit insurance is a key issue in bank regulation. A mismatch exists, especially in the European Economic Area, between the freedom of banks to operate across borders and the fact that deposit insurance operates on a national basis. EFTA Surveillance Authority v. Iceland examines the protection of overseas depositors in the event of a cross-border bank failure. In EFTA Surveillance Authority, the court examined a state’s responsibility to ensure compensation to depositors and possible discrimination against foreign depositors. This Article reviews the paradoxical holding by the court in light of the facts and circumstances of the case. Further, the Article …

The Future Of The Commodity Futures Market: How Customer Segregated Accounts Can Be Better Protected From Insolvent Futures Commission Merchants, 2 J. Marshall Global Mkt. L.J. 13 (2013), Zachary Brumfield

John Marshall Global Markets Law Journal

Two of the largest futures commission merchants (“FMCs”)—MF Global and Peregrine Financial Group—filed for bankruptcy in 2011 and 2012, respectively. The bankruptcies of two of the largest players in the futures commodity market shook up the industry. Many customers became weary and distrustful of FCMs. This Article proposes solutions in order to boost customer confidence in the futures market without deterring the largest futures traders. Further, this Article discusses the pitfalls of the current regulatory model with respect to customer segregated funds and the necessary changes to the current regime by the CFTC and other self-regulatory organizations. After the MF …

Arctic Ice Melt: Emerging Resources, Emerging Issues, The, Thomas Au, Theodore Parran Iii, Jessica Rubin, Jonathan Slomski

Canada-United States Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Kiobel, Unilateralism, And The Retreat From Extraterritoriality, Austen L. Parrish

Maryland Journal of International Law

No abstract provided.

Kiobel V. Royal Dutch Petroleum: A Practitioner's Viewpoint, Marco Simons

Maryland Journal of International Law

No abstract provided.

Kiobel And The Multiple Futures Of Corporate Liability For Human Rights Violations, Ralph G. Steinhardt

Maryland Journal of International Law

No abstract provided.

Extraterritoriality And The Rule Of Law: Why Friendly Foreign Democracies Oppose Novel, Expansive U.S. Jurisdiction Claims By Non-Resident Aliens Under The Alien Tort Statute, Donald I. Baker

Maryland Journal of International Law

No abstract provided.