Transnational Law Commons^™

"El Agua No Se Vende: Water Is Not For Sale!" The Latin American Water Tribunal As A Model For Advancing Access To Water, Mikita A. Weaver

Pepperdine Dispute Resolution Law Journal

At the international level, water is now understood to be a basic human right. However, conflict continues to intensify surrounding indigenous people's access to water as the resource becomes scarcer. In particular, this paper will examine the struggle of indigenous people in Latin America and the creation of the Latin American Water Tribunal (LAWT) as a solution. Section II will describe the LAWT, including the formation of the tribunal, case selection, and the structure of the public hearing. Section III will discuss both how the LAWT overcomes problems with the current legal system and the success of the tribunal as …

Arbitration Hurdles Facing Foreign Investors In Russia: Analysis Of Present Issues And Implications, Elliot Glusker

Pepperdine Dispute Resolution Law Journal

Russia has come a long way since the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, but there are still some structural reforms that need to take place in order to increase investor confidence. In 2007, one hundred billion dollars was invested in Russia from overseas, which represents a record for a developing market economy. However, direct foreign investment in Russia is still low compared to other European nations. Foreign investment is one of Russia's main strategies for improving the long-term health of the economy. There is a lot of promise for future economic growth, but some recent actions by the …

Clouded Diamonds: Without Binding Arbitration And More Sophisticated Dispute Resolution Mechanisms, The Kimberley Process Will Ultimately Fail In Ending Conflicts Fueled By Blood Diamonds , Shannon K. Murphy

Pepperdine Dispute Resolution Law Journal

In 2003, under an initiative of the United Nations (U.N.), various nations of the world gave life to the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS)-a method by which consumers of all levels could know the origin of their diamonds-with the Scheme only certifying those harvested from legal, government-run mines. The Scheme's drafters believed that, if given the choice, consumers would choose to buy diamonds mined legally, with profits flowing to legitimate sources of power. However, the KPCS as it stands is voluntary and lacks the teeth needed to deter its violators. The KPCS lacks a binding arbitration agreement and needs a …

Transnational Copyright: Misalignments Between Regulation, Business Models And User Practice, Leonhard Dobusch, Sigrid Quack

Transnational Business Governance Interactions Working Papers

In this paper we analyse discursive struggles over what is referred to as legal and illegal user practices in the internet as an outcome of regulatory uncertainty. The latter, in turn, is examined in the context of a multi-layered transnational copyright regime characterised by three features: the absence of an universally recognized single authority in charge of law-making, fragmented and partially contradicting forms of regulation of global, national and sectoral scope, and considerable indeterminacy of rule interpretation and application arising from the variety and distinctiveness of local usage contexts. We argue that notions of legality and illegality are used strategically …

Transnational Business Governance And The Management Of Natural Resources, Virginia Haufler

Transnational Business Governance Interactions Working Papers

In the last two decades, the international community has intervened directly to reduce the conflict and corruption that accompany natural resource development in weakly governed states. These efforts converge on the norm of information disclosure by a number of different transnational business governance initiatives. This article examines how the successive failures of public and private efforts led to patterns of convergence and divergence in the transnational governance of the extractive sector. The timing of the effort, combined with variation in industry structure, differences in the targets of information disclosure, and learning over time influence the outcome in each case. This …

Iso 26000: Bridging The Public/Private Divide In Transnational Business Governance Interactions, Kernaghan Webb

Transnational Business Governance Interactions Working Papers

This paper explores the proposition that the ISO 26000 social responsibility guidance standard represents an innovative form of global social responsibility (SR) rule instrument that performs five key distinctive bridging functions in addressing public and private transnational business governance interactions: (1) top down transpositions of key concepts from inter-­‐governmental instruments directed at first instance at states into a non-­‐state global SR rule instrument applying directly to transnational corporations (TNCs) and other organizations; (2) bottom up transpositions of key concepts from non-­‐state SR instruments of narrow focus to apply more broadly to all SR activities; (3) innovations in the standards development …

Transnational Business Governance Interactions And Technical Systems In Global Finance, Tony Porter

Transnational Business Governance Interactions Working Papers

Most transnational regulatory problems involve technical systems: extended sets of productive connections between humans, organized knowledge, and material objects. The functioning and relations between transnational business governance (TBG) schemes in any particular issue area are usually shaped by these technical systems. These technical systems and the material world that they interact with are not simply exogenous environments for tBG schemes. Individual TBG schemes can enhance their power and influence by expanding their function in a technical system, by incorporating the material aspects of the system into their activities, or by producing the system's technical knowledge. I hypothesize that where a …

The Architecture Of Transnational Private Regulation, Fabrizio Cafaggi

Transnational Business Governance Interactions Working Papers

Conflicting interests among private actors constitute an important factor to explain why and how transnational private regulation has grown and the proliferation of standards and standard setting organizations that has followed. This essay provides a map of transnational regulatory space suggesting that the different levels are related to various governance responses to conflicts within the private sphere and between private and public actors.Three levels of the global regulatory space are considered: (1) the single global regulatory body, where interests are integrated into one organization, (2) the regime, in which multiple organizations operate, regulating within the same policy field, (3) multiple …

Emerging Private Governance: The Challenges Of Choosing A Policy Focus, Graeme Auld

Transnational Business Governance Interactions Working Papers

Across sectors of the global economy, private governance has emerged as a new instrument for addressing pressing social and environmental problems. Although better suited for tackling the challenge of reaching agreements among states to address problems transcending national borders, these initiatives create new boundaries based on what problems they choose to focus on and which actors they choose to regulate – that is, the different policy foci of individual programs. Specialization is not inherently problematic. Private governance can focus attention on the problems of a single-issue area and build capacity among actors to resolve its problems, but equally a particular …

Assembling An Experimentalist Regime: Transnational Governance Interactions In The Forest Sector, Christine Overdevest, Jonathan Zeitlin

Transnational Business Governance Interactions Working Papers

Transnational governance initiatives increasingly face the problem of regime complexity in which a proliferation of regulatory schemes operate in the same policy domain, supported by varying combinations of public and private actors. The literature suggests that such regime complexity can lead to forum-shopping and other self-interested strategies which undermine the effectiveness of transnational regulation. Based on the design principles of experimentalist governance, this paper identifies a variety of pathways and mechanisms which promote productive interactions in regime complexes. We use the case of the EU's Forest Law Enforcement Governance and Trade (FLEGT) initiative, interacting with private certification schemes and public …

Women's Legal History Symposium Introduction: Making History, Felice J. Batlan

All Faculty Scholarship

This essay introduces the Chicago-Kent Symposium on Women's Legal History: A Global Perspective. It seeks to situate the field of women's legal history and to explore what it means to begin writing a transnational women's history which transcends and at times disrupts the nation state. In doing so, it sets forth some of the fundamental premises of women's legal history and points to new ways of writing such histories.

Reforming Wto Discipline On Export Duties: Sovereignty Over Natural Resources, Economic Development And Environmental Protection, Julia Ya Qin

Law Faculty Research Publications

The current World Trade Organization (WTO) regime on export restraints comprises two extremes: at one end is the near-complete freedom to levy export duties enjoyed by most Members, which renders theWTO discipline on export restrictions largely ineffective; at the other end, the rigid obligations imposed on several acceding Members prohibiting the use of export duties for any purpose.The recent WTO ruling in China-Raw Materials has only solidified the latter extreme. This article seeks to expose the irrationality of the current regime, especially the problems created by the rigid obligations of the several acceding Members. It contends that such obligations deprive …

Senses Of Sen: Reflections On Amartya Sen’S Ideas Of Justice, César Arjona, Arif A. Jamal, Carrie Menkel-Meadow, Victor V. Ramraj, Francisco Satiro

Faculty Papers & Publications

This review essay explores how Amartya Sen’s recent book, The Idea of Justice, is relevant and important for the development and assessment of transnational theories and applications to transnational justice and legal education programs. The essay captures a trans-jural dialogue of multinational scholars and teachers, discussing Sen’s contributions to moral justice theory (criticizing programs for “transcendental institutionalism” (like Rawlsian theory) and instead focusing on “comparative broadening” including empirical, relative, and comparative assessments of programs to ameliorate injustice in the world in its comparative concreteness (as in Indian social justice theory and Adam Smith’s Theory of Moral Sentiments and related …

A Reflection On Financial Markets, 1 J. Marshall Global Mkt. L.J. 1 (2012), Leo Melamed

John Marshall Global Markets Law Journal

In 1972 the International Monetary Market (the “IMM”) was launched in order to provide the financial world the same ability as the agriculture industry to manage risk. At the time, no one knew if the IMM would succeed, have any merit, or be accepted by other members of the financial world. The IMM’s commencement was before the age of technology—before the onset of computers. Once computers existed, financial engineers had the ability to electronically allocate risk and the world began to acclimate to the idea of computer-generated financial derivatives. This Article stresses that full disclosure and transparency is dire in …

Product Innovation, Clearing, And Competition Among U.S. Derivatives Exchanges, 1 J. Marshall Global Mkt. L.J. 3 (2012), Michael Gorham

John Marshall Global Markets Law Journal

Futures traders are attracted to market liquidity—the ability to buy and sell without the transaction having a large impact on market price. Market liquidity is associated with a large number of buyers and sellers and high average daily volumes of trading. This Article discusses the reluctance of futures traders to switch to a new exchange which does not have as much liquidity as an older, established exchange and the difficulty that these new exchanges face in acquiring even a marginal portion of the market share. These difficulties arise because these exchanges choose to use a clearing house that they own …

The Matryoshka Doll Principle: Transparent Governance Obligations Of Finra Remain Safely Nested Within The Layers Of Existing Securities Regulation, 1 J. Marshall Global Mkt. L.J. 13 (2012), Brittany Mcintosh

John Marshall Global Markets Law Journal

This Article compares the U.S. Supreme Court’s holding in Free Enterprise Fund v. PCAOB to the factors used in Lebron v. National Railroad Passenger Corp. when determining whether a corporation is part of the government (and consequently subject to government control and the President’s removal powers). In Free Enterprise, the U.S. Supreme Court considered factors to determine whether or not an agency is a self-regulatory organization (an independent third party agency that is not subject to government control). Under the Free Enterprise test, the Court held that PCAOB was not an SRO (unlike the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc.) because …

Maybe There Is More Than One Reason They Call It A Derivative Lawsuit – The Implicit Corporate Duty To Hedge, 1 J. Marshall Global Mkt. L.J. 29 (2012), Joseph Michael Reyes

John Marshall Global Markets Law Journal

Derivatives became the primary scapegoat after the financial markets crashed in 2008 and many large investment banks collapsed in the aftermath. Derivatives were thought to be far too risky and not transparent, even though derivatives were originally contrived in order to mitigate risk. Contrary to popular opinion, if used properly, derivatives are very effective in the mitigation of price changes, currency exchange, and interest rate risk. Moreover, the current regulatory landscape encourages the use of derivatives to hedge risk. The current financial environment encompasses the widespread use and acceptance of products that allow hedging to be a common trade practice. …

Dodd-Frank Whistleblower Program: Whistleblower Prevention Strategies, Criticisms, And Future Implications, 1 J. Marshall Global Mkt. L.J. 59 (2012), Florence Shu-Acquaye

John Marshall Global Markets Law Journal

Section 922 of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act authorized the SEC to create a committee that would be responsible for promulgating and enforcing rules to reward whistleblowers. Such rewards are to be paid from the Investor Protection Fund, which is embodied in SEC Rule 21F. The whistleblower provision is meant to promote corporate whistleblowing by incentivizing the prevention of financial abuse. Critics contend, however, that the whistleblower program fails to encourage corporations to strengthen internal compliance programs; instead, corporations will put more effort into whistleblower prevention strategies in order to prevent SEC enforcement actions. SEC Rule …

Anti-Trafficking Legislation In Sub-Saharan Africa: Analyzing The Role Of Coercion And Parental Responsibility, Ruby Andrew, Benjamin N. Lawrance

Annual Interdisciplinary Conference on Human Trafficking: 4th (2012)

This article discusses the effect of US and international support for local laws to combat child trafficking in sub-Saharan African states. The annual ranking of African anti-trafficking measures, produced by the US State Department’s Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons (OMCTP) in conjunction with the UN Office on Crime and Drugs, not only provides an important source of data but also creates a powerful incentive for African states to effect legislative change.

We argue that, although the US supports criminalization of traffickers and the OMCTP espouses laws to deter parental inducement to support trafficking activities, the implementation of …

A New Institutional Economics Perspective On Trademarks: Rebuilding Post Conflict Zones In Sierra Leone And Croatia, 11 J. Marshall Rev. Intell. Prop. L. 745 (2012), Roya Ghafele, Benjamin Gibert

UIC Review of Intellectual Property Law

This paper evaluates the role of collective trademarks in enhancing the ability of tourism clusters to stimulate economic growth, local ownership and innovative governance. Illustrating how intellectual property (IP) law can be leveraged to achieve this, we offer a new economic rationale for trademarks in the context of tourism. Two post-conflict case studies of Sierra Leone and Croatia provide a crash test for this approach. By emphasizing the role of law, institutions and infrastructure in stimulating tourism in post-conflict zones, this paper echoes new institutional economics perspectives that highlight the impact of legal structure on development. Despite widespread acknowledgement of …

Volume 37 Issue 1, Canada-United States Law Journal

Canada-United States Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Public-Private Partnerships For Promotion Of Cross-Border Trade And Transportation, David Lick, Roger E. Hamlin

Canada-United States Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Law Of The Sea And Lng: Cross-Border Law And Politics Over Head Harbor Passage, The, James Kraska

Canada-United States Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Masthead, Volume 37 Issue 2 (2012)

Canada-United States Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Towards Sustainable Consumption And Production In North America: Building Legitimacy Through Roles And Responsibilities In A Beyond Compliance Operating Environment, Stefanie Bowles

Canada-United States Law Journal

No abstract provided.

A Bright Idea: A Bright-Line Test For Extraterritoriality In F-Cubed Securities Fraud Private Causes Of Action, Jennifer Mitchell Coupland

Northwestern Journal of International Law & Business

Whether a foreign or American claimant has a private right of action in so-called ―Foreign-Cubed‖ or ―Foreign-Squared‖ claims under Section 10(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (Exchange Act) and Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) Rule 10b-5 has been the subject of much debate among U.S. courts, Congress, and the international community. Historically, these cases have been heard in the United States if the conduct had a substantial effect in the United States or on U.S. citizens (the effects test), or if the fraudulent or wrongful conduct occurred in the United States (the conduct test). However, in June 2010, …

The Rio+20 Process: Forward Movement For The Environment?, Ann Powers

Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications

This commentary summarizes the events at the recent UN Conference on Sustainable Development, commonly referred to as Rio+20, noting both the role of official national delegations and the diversity of non-state parties that were involved in a variety of venues at and around Rio+20. It sketches the background of sustainable development efforts, maps the road from the original 1992 Rio Earth Summit to the 20th anniversary gathering, and comments on the Conference’s outcomes and their implications for international law and legal institutions. In answer to the much debated question of whether the Rio+20 was a success or a failure, or …

The Full Story Of U.S. V. Smith, America’S Most Important Piracy Case, Joel H. Samuels

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Masthead, Volume 37 Issue 1 (2012)

Canada-United States Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Volume 37 Issue 2, Canada-United States Law Journal

Canada-United States Law Journal

No abstract provided.