Taxation-State and Local Commons^™

Stamp Duty Traps To Watch Out For, Hern Kuan Liu, Vincent Ooi

Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law

On 15 December 2021, the Ministry of Finance introduced a new package of measures designed to cool the residential property market. The measures include increases in Additional Buyer’s Stamp Duty (“ABSD”), the tightening of the Total Debt Servicing Ratio, adjustments to the Loan to Valuation limit for loans from HDB and a planned increase of housing supply.Notably, there were significant increases in the ABSD rates applicable to almost all categories of buyers. The ABSD rates only remained unchanged for Singapore Citizens and Permanent Residents purchasing their first residential property (0% and 5% respectively). This article focuses on the implications of …

An Analysis Of The Slovenian Tax Administration Response During Covid-19: Between Normative Measures And Economic Reality, Polonca Kovač, Maja Klun

Economic and Business Review

Tax administration plays a key role in tax collection, striving for maximum public finance revenue, while at the same time protecting the rights of the taxpayers in tax procedures. The search for this balance is particularly relevant in times of crisis, as shown by the COVID-19 pandemic, especially in the first wave between March and June 2020. The article deals with the legal and economic aspects of work of the Financial Administration of the Republic of Slovenia (FARS) based on comparable data on tax measures in other countries, provided by international organizations such as IOTA and OECD, i.e. the EU. …

State And Local Taxation, Brian Sengson, Blake Joiner, Kenda Williams

Mercer Law Review

This Article surveys the most critical and comprehensive changes in Georgia law occurring between June 1, 2020 and May 31, 2021. Most notably, this Article discusses Georgia’s continued response to the Coronavirus (COVID-19); pass-through entity election for the state and local tax deduction cap workaround; amendments to deference accorded to determinations and interpretations issued by the Georgia Department of Revenue (Department); and other important topics impacting income tax, sales tax, and tax controversy.

Subsidizing Gentrification: A Spatial Analysis Of Place-Based Tax Incentives, Michelle D. Layser

UC Irvine Law Review

Place-based tax incentives, such as the New Markets Tax Credit (NMTC) and Opportunity Zones incentives, are often used to promote investment in low-income neighborhoods. However, not all low-income neighborhoods have an equal need for investment subsidies. Subsidies for investment in already gentrifying neighborhoods, for example, may reflect inefficient inframarginal investment, and they may lead to inequitable outcomes. Critics fear that when gentrifying neighborhoods are eligible for tax incentives, they will draw investment away from the neighborhoods that need it most. However, few studies have provided empirical analysis to assess whether these concerns have merit. Through a novel geospatial analysis of …

Taxation, Craig D. Bell

University of Richmond Law Review

This Article reviews significant recent developments in the laws affecting Virginia state and local taxation. Its Parts cover legislative activity, judicial decisions, and selected opinions and other pronouncements from the Virginia Department of Taxation (“Tax Department” or “Department of Taxation”) and the Attorney General of Virginia over the past year.

Part I of this Article addresses state taxes. Part II covers local taxes, including real and tangible personal property taxes, license taxes, and discrete local taxes.

The overall purpose of this Article is to provide Virginia tax and general practitioners with a concise overview of the recent developments in Virginia …

Public Health And Racial Inequality: Why The Opportunity Zone Program Fails Low-Income Communities And Costs Lives, Katie Raitz

UC Irvine Law Review

“The rich man’s dog gets more in the way of vaccination, medicine and medical care than do the workers upon whom the rich man’s wealth is built."

Poor health outcomes are linked to long-standing wealth disparities for people of color in the United States. Wealth inequality has gotten worse over the past decades, despite attempts to improve it. The 2017 Opportunity Zone (OZ) tax program is the federal government’s most recent economic-development intervention. The OZ program provides for low-income census tracts in each state to be designated as “Opportunity Zones” and offers tax benefits for people who make investments in …

Trust Planning And The Washington State Capital Gains Tax, Jadrian M. Coppieters

Seattle University Law Review SUpra

On April 25, 2021, the Washington state legislature enacted a new state capital gains tax. Prior to the enactment of the new state capital gains tax, Washington had been one of the few states that did not impose a tax on either income or capital gains. The limitations imposed by the Washington state constitution have forced the legislature to characterize the tax as an excise tax, rather than treat it as an income tax as would the federal government and every other state. Based on the statute’s structure and its presentation as an excise tax, whether intentionally or unintentionally, the …

Estate Planning For Cannabis Business Owners: An Introduction, Bridget J. Crawford, Jonathan G. Blattmachr

Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications

As more states legalize cannabis sales, estate planners may increasingly be called upon to advise clients with interests in cannabis-related businesses. This essay seeks to assist estate planners in two ways. First, it aims to raise general awareness of cannabis business owners' unique concerns. Second, the essay provides an overview of some of the fundamental issues about which cannabis business owners are likely to seek estate planning advice: business formation matters, wealth transfers, the ability of trusts to own cannabis-related businesses, and gift, estate, and income tax considerations.

In most states that permit legal cannabis sales, there is limited (or …

Investor-State Mediation And The Belt And Road Initiative: Examining The Conditions For Settlement, Mark Mclaughlin

Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law

Despite the dominance of arbitration in the realm of investor-state disputes, the variety of proposals for reform suggest considerable stakeholder discontent with the current framework. One suggested reform is the introduction of investor–state mediation, which has been supported by the conclusion of the Singapore Convention on Mediation and the proposal by the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) of a set of mediation rules. This article examines the respective merits of arbitration and mediation to settle investment disputes related to the Belt and Road Initiative. Many of the principles underpinning the implementation of the Belt and Road Initiative …

Workplace Transformation And Its Tax Compliance Implications, Jay A. Soled

Villanova Law Review

No abstract provided.

Standard Oil, Consolidated Coal, And The Roots Of The Resource Curse In West Virginia, Alison Peck

West Virginia Law Review

Despite its natural resource wealth, West Virginia today ranks last among all states in its residents’ overall sense of well-being, a puzzle that economists call “the resource curse.” Much of West Virginia’s wealth, in the form of coal, oil, and gas, left the state in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries before the state could tax it. This discouraging story was not inevitable. In 1905, a Morgantown lawyer named George C. Baker led an effort to tax coal, oil, and gas leases as personal property that nearly succeeded. Baker and his allies, Governor William M.O. Dawson and Tax Commissioner …

Seeking Tax Justice For Undocumented Immigrant Workers, Jacqueline Lainez Flanagan

Journal Articles

Global Roundtable is a regular series appearing in Tax Notes Federal, Tax Notes State, and Tax Notes International that brings together experts from each discipline to help advance the discussion of tax issues. In this installment, the authors examine the lack of racial diversity in the tax profession and built-in biases in tax policies and suggest ways to remedy the inequities. This article is intended for general information purposes only and does not and is not intended to constitute legal advice. The reader should consult with legal counsel to determine how laws or decisions discussed herein apply to the reader’s …

Restoring Tax Fairness For States And Localities Act, Section 4 H.R. 5377 (116th Congress), Hana Kwong, Tam Nguyen, Mst Students Bus 223a Spring 2021

The Contemporary Tax Journal

No abstract provided.

Suggestions For Pandemic State Tax Policy Endurance, Annette Nellen

The Contemporary Tax Journal

No abstract provided.

Front Matter (Letter From The Editor, Masthead, Etc.)

The Contemporary Tax Journal

No abstract provided.

Collecting Medical Debt Through South Carolina's Setoff Debt Collection Program: How It Works And Why It Doesn't, Dixie N. Mccollum

South Carolina Law Review

No abstract provided.

House Bill 3: An Iou Texas Public Schools And Communities Of Color Cannot Afford, Candace L. Castillo

The Scholar: St. Mary's Law Review on Race and Social Justice

A history of school finance litigation and legislation shows there are inherent and structural problems in Texas’s education finance system. Like many government and social structures, the Texas school finance system is built to benefit school districts that have greater access to wealth to begin with and creates inequalities between rich and poor populations as well as between people of color and Caucasians. House Bill 3 went into effect in 2019 and promises improvements to “recapture” calculations, increases in certain allotments, as well as salary increases for some Texas teachers. Some changes to education finance were sorely needed such as …

Reframing Taxigration In The Search For Tax Justice, Jacqueline Lainez Flanagan

Journal Articles

The Search for Tax Justice is a Tax Notes State series examining the inequities inherent in state and federal taxes. In this installment, Jacqueline Laínez Flanagan, associate professor of law and director of the University of the District of Columbia’s David A. Clarke School of Law Tax Clinic, discusses tax challenges faced by immigrants and responds to myths about the undocumented taxpayer community.

The Minnesota Taconite Production Tax: An Alternative Index, Peter Kakela, Howard Haas, Dena Draskovich

Journal of Natural Resources & Environmental Law

No abstract provided.

Balancing The Carrot And The Stick: Achieving Social Goals Through Real Property Tax Programs, Ryan F. Bender

Northwestern Journal of Law & Social Policy

The sharp and growing wealth divide in the United States has elicited significant media and public attention over the past decade, with loud calls for achieving social goals through tax system change. While wealth preservation loopholes in the Internal Revenue Code can contribute to wealth inequalities, tax policies that incentivize socially responsible, tax efficient investment offer an attractive tool for estate planning professionals while also promoting social impact programs. Additionally, while direct government investments into low-income community development, land preservation, and food security are important drivers of change, tax policies that push private capital into these causes are equally important …

Maryland’S Digital Tax And The Itfa’S Catch-22, David Gamage, Darien Shanske, Christopher Moran

Articles by Maurer Faculty

In this installment of Academic Perspectives on SALT, the authors examine whether statelevel taxes on digital advertising — like Maryland’s new tax — are barred by the Internet Tax Freedom Act and discuss how the act’s prohibition against “discriminatory” taxes on electronic commerce should be construed narrowly.

Criticism, Confusion Over California’S Proposition 19 Property Tax Amendments, Berenice Quirino

GGU Law Review Blog

Proposition 19, the California measure narrowly approved by voters last November, created a tax break for some and tax hikes for others. Proponents of the measure tout the new tax revenue stream for the state as well as benefits for some of its vulnerable residents. In contrast, those opposed argue it disproportionately benefits wealthy, white residents while hurting people of color and low-income Californians.

The measure amended the California constitution by adding new sections to Article XIII A, which relates to tax limitations. As of April 1, 2021, Proposition 19 removes certain restrictions for eligible homeowners who transfer their home’s …

Are Parent-Child Transfers Under California Prop 19 Destroying The Ability To Create Generational Wealth?, Golden Gate University School Of Law

GGU Law Review Blog

On November 3, 2020, California voters narrowly voted to pass Proposition 19 (Prop 19) which affects how California homeowners are able to pass on property to family members. Effective on February 16, 2021, parents attempting to pass on their family home to children are now inadvertently restricting how their children can and will use the home.

Brief Of Amici Curiae Scholars Of The Law Of Non-Profit Organizations In Support Of Respondent: Americans For Prosperity Foundation V. Matthew Rodriguez, Nos. 19-251 & 19-255, Ellen P. Aprill, Roger Colinvaux, Sean Delany, James Fishman, Brian D. Galle, Philip Hackney, Jill R. Horwitz, Cindy Lott, Ray D. Madoff, Jill S. Manny, Nancy A. Mclaughlin, Richard Schmalbeck

Amici Briefs

The twelve individuals filing this amicus brief are professors and scholars of the law of nonprofit organizations. No party in this case represents all three of charity’s key stakeholders: charities, states, and taxpayers who underwrite the charities’ funding. Amici are participating in this litigation in order to aid the Court in understanding how these three interests depend on one another. They also attempt to provide a clearer understanding of state supervision of charities and how that supervision related to federal tax law.

Tanggung Jawab Pejabat Pembuat Akta Tanah Terhadap Setoran Pajak Dalam Pembuatan Akta Otentik Berdasarkan Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Cibinong Nomor 158/Pid.Sus/2019/Pn.Cbi, Muhammad Abdoel Aziz

Indonesian Notary

This article discusses about the tax deposits in making authentic deeds. Based on the Decision of the Cibinong District Court Number 158 / Pid.Sus / 2019, TL was convicted of being proven guilty of a tax crime in the form of forgery of income tax and BPHTB deposits. TL is an employee of the PPAT office. The PPh and BPHTB deposit letters are for the purpose of making an authentic deed by PPAT. The criminal act could be committed because TL knew that PPAT was employing him, PPAT MS neglected to check in detail the PPh and BPHTB deposit letters …

Adapting Taxation For The Digital Economy In Singapore, Vincent Ooi

Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law

The advent of the digital economy has had profound implications for taxation. Tax systems have been forced to adapt as they become increasingly unsuited for the realities of modern commerce. While Singapore has largely followed international developments, particularly in the area of international taxation, it has often made numerous innovative policy decisions in line with its national interests. The various policy decisions which Singapore has made on taxing the digital economy span both international and domestic tax. In the area of domestic tax, the examples have been further divided by subject matter, like e-commerce, digital tokens, automation, and electronic instruments. …

Netflix And (Tax) Bill: Retail Sales Taxation Of Services, Grace Stephenson Nielsen

BYU Law Review

No abstract provided.

Is New York’S Mark-To-Market Act Unconstitutionally Retroactive?, Reuven S. Avi-Yonah, David Gamage, Kirk J. Stark, Darien Shanske

Articles by Maurer Faculty

It is well known in tax literature that rudimentary tax planning strategies enable wealthy individuals to avoid state and federal income tax on much of their true economic income. Indeed, the existing income tax has been described as being effectively optional for those who derive their income chiefly from the ownership of assets rather than the provision of services. The reason is — except for a few relatively narrowly tailored deemed-realization rules — both state and federal income taxes rely on the realization principle. Under realization accounting, taxpayers generally do not owe tax on economic gains until they sell their …

How States Should Now Consider Expanding Sales Taxes To Services, Part 2, Grace Stephenson Nielsen, Gladriel Shobe, Darien Shanske, David Gamage

Articles by Maurer Faculty

As we explained in our prior essay, state governments are experiencing severe revenue needs because of COVID-19, and expanding state sales tax bases to include services is a promising option for state governments to manage their budget shortfalls. In this, the second essay in this series — a contribution to Project SAFE: State Action in Fiscal Emergencies — we explain some of the implementation details and options for how states might go about expanding their sales tax bases to include services. In particular, we argue that there are some incremental steps that seem to be technically and politically feasible as …

New Hampshire V. Massachusetts: Taxation Without Representation?, Richard Pomp

Faculty Articles and Papers

In this article, Professor Pomp details the dispute behind New Hampshire’s pending motion in the U.S. Supreme Court.

The issue is whether Massachusetts may constitutionally subject remote-working nonresidents to its income tax when, prior to the pandemic, those workers commuted in-state.

It is beyond dispute that nonresidents who earn their income within a state can be taxed by the state. The constitutional rule that a state tax may not discriminate against interstate commerce, which ensures nonresident taxpayers are treated the same as residents, acts as a safeguard against taxation without representation. Resident taxpayers indirectly serve the tax interests of nonresidents …