Taxation-Federal Estate and Gift Commons^™

Kimbell: Is The Party Over For Family Limited Partnerships, Brant J. Hellwig

Scholarly Articles

Professor Brant J. Hellwig of the University of South Carolina School of Law examines the impact of the recent Kimbell decision on the future use of family limited partnerships for estate planning purposes.

Estate Planning Malpractice: Is Strict Privity Here To Stay?, Angela M. Vallario

All Faculty Scholarship

Under Maryland case law, a plaintiff in an estate planning malpractice action must be in strict privity with the attorney who drafted the will. To date, Maryland has not extended the third-party beneficiary exception to the estate planning arena.

Legatees specifically identified in a will by name or class are generally precluded from bringing a cause of action against the attorney for the attorney's alleged negligence, because in Maryland in order to recover for legal malpractice, a plaintiff must:show: "(1) the attorney's employment; (2) his neglect of a reasonable duty; and (3) loss to the client proximately caused by that …

Incremental Versus Fundamental Tax Reform And The Top One Percent, Deborah A. Geier

Law Faculty Articles and Essays

This article describes the historical shift from consumption taxation at the federal level to income taxation with the enactment of the 16th amendment (the intent of which was chiefly to tax the capital income of the wealthy) and the incremental shifts since then back toward consumption taxation (which frees capital from tax) through expansion of both the payroll taxes as well as the consumption tax features of our current hybrid income/consumption tax that target the middle class.

It then addresses the issue of whether we ought to expand consumption tax treatment to the very wealthy by reviewing two recently published …

"Gifts, Gafts And Gefts" – The Income Tax Definition And Treatment Of Private And Charitable "Gifts" And A Principled Policy Justification For The Exclusion Of Gifts From Income, Jeffrey H. Kahn, Douglas A. Kahn

Scholarly Publications

No abstract provided.

When The Endowment Tanks, Jeffrey J. Haas

Articles & Chapters

No abstract provided.

Sample Forms, In Estate Planning Law And Taxation, 4th Ed., Bridget J. Crawford

Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications

Sample estate planning forms.

When The Endowment Tanks: Some Lessons For Nonprofits, Jeffrey J. Haas

Other Publications

No abstract provided.

The Rise Of The Perpetual Trust, Jesse Dukeminier, James E. Krier

Articles

For more than two centuries, the Rule against Perpetuities has served as the chief means of limiting a transferor's power to tie up property by way of successive contingent interests. But recently, at least seventeen jurisdictions in the United States have enacted statutes abolishing the Rule in the case of perpetual (or near-perpetual) trusts. The prime mover behind this important development has been the federal Generation-Skipping Transfer Tax. This Article traces the gradual decline of the common law Rule against Perpetuities, considers the dynamics behind the recent wave of state legislation, examines the problems that might result from the rise …

Gifts, Gafts And Gefts: The Income Tax Definition And Treatment Of Private And Charitable 'Gifts' And A Principled Policy Justification For The Exclusion Of Gifts From Income, Douglas A. Kahn, Jeffrey H. Kahn

Articles

Gifts have been given special treatment by the income tax laws since the first post-16th Amendment tax statute was adopted in 1913. The determination of how the income tax law should treat gifts raises a number of issues. For example: should gifts be given special treatment? If so, what should qualify as a gift? Should gifts to a private party be taxable to the donee? Should gifts to a private party be deductible by the donor? Should the donee's basis in a gift of property be determined by reference to the basis that the donor had, and should any modifications …

Why Craft Isn't Scary, Steve R. Johnson

Scholarly Publications

In April 2002, the Supreme Court of the United States decided United States v. Craft. The Court held that the federal tax lien attaches to a tax-debtor spouse’s interest in property held in tenancy by the entirety even when the other spouse does not owe tax and state law provides that entireties property and interests cannot be reached by separate creditors of only one spouse.

Craft was correctly decided. The older, contrary view that Craft displaced was fundamentally at odds with federal tax collection analysis as laid out by the Court. In addition, the old view invited tax abuse and …

Estate Tax Repeal: Through The Looking Glass, Karen C. Burke, Grayson M.P. Mccouch

UF Law Faculty Publications

The Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001 promises dramatic reductions in income and estate taxes over a nine-year phase-in period, culminating in 2010 with complete repeal of the estate tax and introduction of a new carryover basis regime for inherited property. The Act's sunset provision automatically terminates these substantive changes at the end of 2010 and reinstates prior law for 2011 and subsequent years. In effect, the sunset provision transforms the large-scale tax cuts into a temporary measure and leaves open the question of whether to make those cuts permanent. Since the Act was signed into law, …

Estate Of Strangi, Section 2036, And The Continuing Relevance Of Byrum, Brant J. Hellwig

Scholarly Articles

This report analyzes the potential application of section 2036(a) to limited partnerships employed for estate planning purposes, using the facts of Tax Court case of Estate of Strangi v. Commissioner as a guide. Particular emphasis is placed on the Commissioner's argument for inclusion under section 2036(a)(2) based on the taxpayer's control over the property transferred to the partnership, as well as the taxpayer's argument under the Supreme Court case of United States v. Byrum that the existence of the taxpayer's fiduciary duty to the partnership negates the application of section 2036 altogether. The report concludes that, because the essential facts …

Shortcomings In U.S. Federal Tax Regulatory Regime Of Private Foundations: Insights For Australia, Nina J. Crimm

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

This Article addresses the need for a more comprehensive regulatory scheme of Australia's nonprofit organizations, particularly its private foundation type structures. By considering the strengths, and more importantly, the weaknesses of the U.S. tax regime of private foundations, Australia can avoid pitfalls that accompany the development of Australia's laws and regulations. The Article begins by exploring the history, nature, and culture of Australia's nonprofit sector. After outlining the structure of the sector, the Article focuses on the potential for abuses if prescribed private funds are not given appropriate attention to avoid such abuses. Then, the Author details the U.S. nonprofit …

Charities And The Constitution: Evaluating The Role Of Constitutional Principles In Determining The Scope Of Tax Law's Public Policy Limitation For Charities, David A. Brennen

Scholarly Works

This Article expands the discussion of whether tax-exempt charities, for constitutional law purposes, should be treated as government actors, as private actors or as something in between. While government actors are subject to constitutional law restrictions concerning discrimination and free speech, private non-government actors are not generally subject to these same restrictions. Although tax-exempt charities are often thought of as sovereigns and, thus, government-like, the fact remains that charities are private entities created to serve public purposes. As private entities, charities - like all other private entities - are not necessarily bound by constitutional law principles. Still, the many “public” …

The Effect Of Volatility On Wealth Transfer Strategies In Light Of The 2001 Tax Act, David J. Wolfert

William & Mary Annual Tax Conference

No abstract provided.

Hot Topics: Practical Estate Planning And Drafting After The Tax Act Of 2001, John B. O'Grady

William & Mary Annual Tax Conference

No abstract provided.

A Dozen Things Not To Assume In Gift Planning, W. Birch Douglass Iii

William & Mary Annual Tax Conference

No abstract provided.

Last Gasp Estate Planning: The Formation Of Family Limited Liability Entities Shortly Before Death, Walter D. Schwidetzky

All Faculty Scholarship

Family limited partnerships have been popular gift and estate tax planning vehicles for many years. In recent years, family limited liability companies (LLCs) have also become common, particularly in those states that have updated their statutes to take the check-the-box regulations into account. LLCs with more than one member are usually classified as partnerships for federal income tax purposes. In a typical structure, when there is adequate planning, the donors form a limited partnership or an LLC (jointly, 'family limited liability entity' or FLLE), to which they contribute assets expected to appreciate in value. This article will focus on such …

Death Without Taxes?, Karen C. Burke, Grayson M.P. Mccouch

UF Law Faculty Publications

In recent years the role of the estate, gift and generation-skipping transfer taxes within the federal tax system has become increasingly controversial. The future of the transfer taxes remains unsettled, despite recently enacted legislation that moves in the direction of repeal with a delayed effective date. This paper looks at transfer tax repeal in terms of its repercussions on the rest of the tax system, with special emphasis on the income tax treatment of property transferred by gift or bequest. Repeal of the transfer taxes would reduce the progressivity of the overall tax system, exacerbate existing inequities with respect to …

Does A Life Insurance Subtrust Create A Prohibited Assignment Within A Qualified Plan?, 34 J. Marshall L. Rev. 727 (2001), Stephen Brooks

UIC Law Review

No abstract provided.

Anatomy Of Valuing Stock In Closely Held Corporations: Pursuing The Phantom Of Objectivity Into The New Millennium, Stephen J. Leacock

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

The Conflict Between Retirement Planning And Estate Planning: Integrated Qualified-Plan Distributions And Retirement Planning, Bruce J. Temkin

William & Mary Annual Tax Conference

No abstract provided.

Wealth Preservation With Asset Protection Trusts, Gideon Rothschild

William & Mary Annual Tax Conference

No abstract provided.

The Death Of The Income Tax (Or, The Rise Of America’S Universal Wage Tax), Edward J. Mccaffery

Indiana Law Journal

The killing of the income tax has not been open and notorious: such is not the style of contemporary politics. As with other markers of progressive social policy—the promises of universal health care, Obamacare, come to mind6—the income tax is dying a death by stealth, albeit stealth played out in plain view. The plot lines of the tragedy are apparent. The individual “income” tax has been split in two. One tax, for the masses, is a simple, increasingly formless wage tax. This wage/income tax adds higher brackets onto the payroll tax, the model toward which the wage/income tax aims, to …

The Tyranny Of Money, Edward J. Mccaffery

Michigan Law Review

The more things change, the more they stay the same. A human activity almost as venerable as the accumulation and opulent display of vast riches is the condemnation of the accumulation and opulent display of vast riches. People have been busily engaged at each for several millennia now. Both continue in full flower as America races into the twenty-first century with its liberal capitalist democracy ascendant around the world, its rich richer than ever, its less-rich curiously lagging behind. Yet figuring out what, exactly, is wrong with the excessive accumulation and opulent display of wealth, on the one hand, and …

A Taxing Time For The Bishop Estate: What Is The I.R.S. Role In Charity Governance?, Evelyn Brody

All Faculty Scholarship

This piece, included in the University of Hawaii Law Review's symposium issue on the Bishop Estate, explores the relationship between the new intermediate sanctions law and the IRS's power to revoke tax exemption under § 501(c)(3). Inspired by the storied setting, I indulge in a fantasy: This article pretends that the IRS revoked the Estate's exemption, and takes the form of the Tax Court declaratory judgment opinion. I reluctantly 'rule' that exemption was not appropriate, because State enforcement action against the trustees was proceeding. (However, this forum allows me to hedge my argument by producing two concurring and one dissenting …

The Unconstitutionality Of Eliminating Estate And Gift Taxes, James G. Wilson

Law Faculty Articles and Essays

The recent proposal to eliminate estate and gift taxes is not only immoral and a poor allocation of resources, but also is unconstitutional. Irrespective of their ideology, virtually all American lawyers will initially dismiss this accusation as frivolous because it conflicts with their tradition of equating conceptions of "constitutionality" with United States Supreme Court opinions. The Court has long been highly deferential to Congress in federal tax law cases. It is inconceivable that the current Court would find anything "irrational" in a facially neutral law eliminating all estate and gift taxes. Indeed, if I sat on that bench, I would …

Does The Death Tax Deserve The Death Penalty - An Overview Of The Major Arguments For Repeal Of Federal Wealth-Transfer Taxes , Richard Schmalbeck

Cleveland State Law Review

President Bush campaigned on a platform calling for repeal of the federal estate, gift, and generation-skipping transfer taxes, and, within his first month in office, introduced a bill that would accomplish that result. Whether or not these taxes are repealed this year, however, the debate over them will not immediately end. In the spirit of that on-going debate, I offer this essay considering the major arguments that have been made by advocates of repeal. Although I will focus mostly on those arguments in opposition to the existing system, I will begin with a brief description of the federal wealth transfer …

The Unconstitutionality Of Eliminating Estate And Gift Taxes , James G. Wilson

Cleveland State Law Review

This article discusses why the recent proposal to eliminate estate and gift taxes is not only immoral and a poor allocation of resources, but also is unconstitutional. The author argues that the only way to sustain any allegation of unconstitutionality against these tax policy changes is to extend meanings of "constitutionality" beyond the legalistic paradigm of constitutional adjudication. Explaining that to extend notions of constitutionality this additional distance, we would need to resurrect earlier constitutional conceptions from such influential political thinkers as Aristotle, David Hume, James Madison, and Thomas Jefferson. While pointing out that the United States Constitution embodies a …

How Federal Transfer Taxes Affect The Development Of Property Law , Ira Mark Bloom

Cleveland State Law Review

This topic, How Federal Transfer Taxes Affect the Development of Property Law, makes the basic assumption that, to some extent, property law exists because of the federal wealth transfer tax system. As will be seen, this assumption is correct. In some instances, however, property laws exist because of the federal transfer tax system. I classify such property laws into three categories: the necessary, the appropriate and the unfortunate. In the remainder of this article, I will give examples of federal transfer tax-based property laws in these three categories. By way of illustration, I will primarily rely on statutory laws of …