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Full-Text Articles in Taxation-Federal Estate and Gift
The Taxation Of A Gift Or Inheritance From An Employer., Douglas A. Kahn
The Taxation Of A Gift Or Inheritance From An Employer., Douglas A. Kahn
Articles
The focus of this article is to examine the following questions: 1. whether, despite its unrestricted language, section 102(c) does not apply to some gratuitous transfers to an employee; 2. if so, what are the exceptions to section 102(c); and 3. when section 102(c) does not apply to a transfer, whether it will be excluded from income. Part II of this article examines the conditions under which a gratuitous transfer to an employee will be excluded from income under the Duberstein standard and under the normal tax treatment of testamentary transfers -- in other words, how the section 102(a) gift …
The 2003 Revised Uniform Estate Tax Apportionment Act, Douglas A. Kahn
The 2003 Revised Uniform Estate Tax Apportionment Act, Douglas A. Kahn
Articles
Editors' Synopsis: This Article describes the significant sections of the 2003 Uniform Estate Tax Apportionment Act (the "2003 Uniform Act'). The Article explains the purpose and operation of the 2003 Uniform Act's various sections and notes some of the differences between the 2003 Uniform Act and its prior version.
The Rise Of The Perpetual Trust, Jesse Dukeminier, James E. Krier
The Rise Of The Perpetual Trust, Jesse Dukeminier, James E. Krier
Articles
For more than two centuries, the Rule against Perpetuities has served as the chief means of limiting a transferor's power to tie up property by way of successive contingent interests. But recently, at least seventeen jurisdictions in the United States have enacted statutes abolishing the Rule in the case of perpetual (or near-perpetual) trusts. The prime mover behind this important development has been the federal Generation-Skipping Transfer Tax. This Article traces the gradual decline of the common law Rule against Perpetuities, considers the dynamics behind the recent wave of state legislation, examines the problems that might result from the rise …
Gifts, Gafts And Gefts: The Income Tax Definition And Treatment Of Private And Charitable 'Gifts' And A Principled Policy Justification For The Exclusion Of Gifts From Income, Douglas A. Kahn, Jeffrey H. Kahn
Gifts, Gafts And Gefts: The Income Tax Definition And Treatment Of Private And Charitable 'Gifts' And A Principled Policy Justification For The Exclusion Of Gifts From Income, Douglas A. Kahn, Jeffrey H. Kahn
Articles
Gifts have been given special treatment by the income tax laws since the first post-16th Amendment tax statute was adopted in 1913. The determination of how the income tax law should treat gifts raises a number of issues. For example: should gifts be given special treatment? If so, what should qualify as a gift? Should gifts to a private party be taxable to the donee? Should gifts to a private party be deductible by the donor? Should the donee's basis in a gift of property be determined by reference to the basis that the donor had, and should any modifications …
Transactions Subject To Gift Tax, Douglas A. Kahn, Earl M. Colson
Transactions Subject To Gift Tax, Douglas A. Kahn, Earl M. Colson
Articles
The gift tax is imposed on the "transfer of property by gift." The term gift is not expressly defined either in the Code or in the Treasury Regulations. However, section 2512(b), dealing with the valuation of gifts, states that "where property is transferred for less than an adequate and full consideration in money or money's worth," the difference between the value of the property transferred and the consideration received constitutes a gift. Thus, for gift tax purposes, the determination of whether a gift was made does not turn so much on the intent of the transferor as it does on …
Transfers Intended To Take Effect At Or After Death
Transfers Intended To Take Effect At Or After Death
Indiana Law Journal
Recent Cases: Taxation
Taxation-Federal Estate Tax-Transfers Of Life Insurance In Contemplation Of Death, Ralph E. Hunt S. Ed.
Taxation-Federal Estate Tax-Transfers Of Life Insurance In Contemplation Of Death, Ralph E. Hunt S. Ed.
Michigan Law Review
Insurance policies on the life of a decedent are ordinarily included in his gross estate according to the provisions of section 811 (g) of the Internal Revenue Code. Where the policy is payable to a beneficiary other than the executor, it is taxable under section 811(g)(2): (1) if the decedent paid premiums on the policy, in proportion to the amount of premiums paid by him in relation to the total premiums paid, or (2) if the decedent possessed at his death any of the incidents of ownership. However, these provisions are not exclusive; even though section 811 (g) is inapplicable, …
Significant Developments In The Law Of Federal Taxation, 1941-1947: I, Paul G. Kauper
Significant Developments In The Law Of Federal Taxation, 1941-1947: I, Paul G. Kauper
Michigan Law Review
A preliminary word on the scope of this review is in order. Since this was originally prepared as one of a series designed to acquaint returning veterans with legal developments during the war period, the year 1941 has been chosen as the starting point, and the review carried forward from that point through to date. The review covering this period is limited to significant developments in the area of federal taxation, with emphasis upon the estate, gift, and income taxes.
An Objective Test Of Transfers In Contemplation Of Death, Ivan C. Rutledge, Charles L.B. Lowndes
An Objective Test Of Transfers In Contemplation Of Death, Ivan C. Rutledge, Charles L.B. Lowndes
Articles by Maurer Faculty
No abstract provided.
Federal Estate And Gift Taxation: A Review, Paul G. Kauper
Federal Estate And Gift Taxation: A Review, Paul G. Kauper
Michigan Law Review
Today's tax-encumbered citizen is not only aware that death and taxes are certain but also realizes that they walk hand-in-hand. At the most he may experience a sense of nostalgic grief over Pliny the Younger's argument that an inheritance tax "is an 'unnatural' tax, since it augments the grief and sorrow of the bereaved." He knows that as a matter of history Pliny's argument, however touching and delicate, has not deterred ways and means committees, intent on meeting revenue needs.
Taxation - Federal Gift Tax - Cancellation Of A Power Todesignate New Beneficiaries Other Than The Settlor - Interrelationship Of Gift And Estate Tax, Robert M. Warren
Taxation - Federal Gift Tax - Cancellation Of A Power Todesignate New Beneficiaries Other Than The Settlor - Interrelationship Of Gift And Estate Tax, Robert M. Warren
Michigan Law Review
Before the enactment of the 1924 gift tax statute, decedent created a trust for the benefit of named beneficiaries, reserving to himself power both to revoke and to modify the trust. In 1919 the decedent made a surrender of the power to revoke the trust by a writing which reserved the power to designate new beneficiaries other than himself. This latter power was renounced in 1924 after the effective date of the gift tax statute. The Board of Tax Appeals and the Circuit Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit affirmed the commissioner's ruling that the gift became complete and …
Taxation - Federal Gift Tax - Taxability Of Interest Passing At Creation Of Tenancy By Entirety, Ben H. Dewey
Taxation - Federal Gift Tax - Taxability Of Interest Passing At Creation Of Tenancy By Entirety, Ben H. Dewey
Michigan Law Review
On September 20, 1933, petitioner transferred by deed realty owned by him in fee to himself and his wife as tenants by the entirety. The commissioner of internal revenue determined that the transfer constituted a taxable gift under the Gift Tax Act of 1932. Petitioner took an appeal to the Board of Tax Appeals. Held, with one dissent, that such creation of a tenancy by the entireties did not constitute a taxable transfer under the Gift Tax Act. Hart v. Commissioner, 36 B. T. A. No. 176 (Dec. 28, 1937).
Taxation - Federal Estate Tax - Subscriptions To Charitable And Educational Institutions As Deductions From Gross Estate, Charles E. Nadeau
Taxation - Federal Estate Tax - Subscriptions To Charitable And Educational Institutions As Deductions From Gross Estate, Charles E. Nadeau
Michigan Law Review
Decedent had promised to contribute funds to numerous educational, religious, and charitable institutions. Some of these pledges were conditioned on pledges of third parties to perform certain duties or to furnish subscriptions to equal amounts. In several instances the institutions, on fullfillment of the conditions, acted in reliance on these promises in a manner that made them enforceable against the estate under the state law. The executor had paid some of these claims. In affirming the Board of Tax Appeals the court held that pledges, though later satisfied by the executor, cannot be deducted from the gross estate as "transfers" …
Taxation - Inheritance Tax - Double Taxation Of Contingent Future Interests Where Exercise Of Power Of Appointment Is Taxed To Donee's Estate, Benjamin H. Dewey
Taxation - Inheritance Tax - Double Taxation Of Contingent Future Interests Where Exercise Of Power Of Appointment Is Taxed To Donee's Estate, Benjamin H. Dewey
Michigan Law Review
Testator had been bequeathed a life interest in the income of certain trusts, and in addition the corpus thereof in case she were living at the termination of those trusts, or, in the event of her death prior to the termination of the trusts, a power to appoint the persons who should receive the income for the remainder of the trust period and the corpus on distribution thereof. Under the then current Wisconsin statutes this transfer to testator was truced as if she had received a fee. On appeal, it was held that this was correct but that if the …
Taxation - Estate Tax - Trust With Reservation Of Life Estate, Wallace Mendelson
Taxation - Estate Tax - Trust With Reservation Of Life Estate, Wallace Mendelson
Michigan Law Review
In 1923 decedent created an irrevocable trust, reserving to herself the income for life with remainders over. Upon decedent's death, it was held that the corpus of the trust was properly a part of decedent's gross estate for Federal Estate Tax purposes. Helvering v. Bullard, (U. S. 1938) 58 S. Ct. 565.
Taxation-Federal Estate Tax-Inclusion Of Proceeds Of Insurance Policies In The Gross Estate
Taxation-Federal Estate Tax-Inclusion Of Proceeds Of Insurance Policies In The Gross Estate
Michigan Law Review
It was only natural that the framers of our revenue acts, always on the lookout for new sources of revenue, should have turned their attention to the proceeds of insurance policies when they were dealing with the subject of death duties. It was natural for two reasons: first, the purchase of an insurance policy is nearly always prompted by some vague contemplation of death, and the receipt of the proceeds from a policy is intimately connected with death, in view of the fact that death normally is the event that brings about the maturity of the policy; and second, if …
Federal Taxation Of Settlors Of Trusts, Harry B. Sutter, Anderson A. Owen
Federal Taxation Of Settlors Of Trusts, Harry B. Sutter, Anderson A. Owen
Michigan Law Review
In the Revenue Act of 1924 there simultaneously appeared three new provisions. By Section 219(g) the income of trusts revocable by the grantor, either alone or in conjunction with any person not a beneficiary, of the trust, was specifically required to be taxed to the grantor as his income. By Section 302(d) there was required to be included in the gross estate of a deceased grantor the value at his death of any property previously given by him in trust, where the enjoyment of such property remained subject to change through the exercise by the grantor, either alone or in …
Taxation - Power Of Appointment - Effect Of Refusal By Appointee Who Is Given Same Share In Default Of Appointment
Michigan Law Review
The donee of a power of appointment exercised it by will in favor of the persons who would have taken exactly the same interests in default of appointment, and who declared their election to decline the appointment and take by the provision in default of appointment in the will of the donor. Suit was brought for additional federal estate taxes covering the property to which the power applied, under a statute levying such a tax upon "any property passing under a general power of appointment exercised by the decedent . . . by will . . . . " Held …
Taxation -Taxability Of Inter Vivos Trust With Power Of Revocation Reserved
Taxation -Taxability Of Inter Vivos Trust With Power Of Revocation Reserved
Michigan Law Review
In 1918 decedent established a trust fund in favor of his daughter, reserving the power to alter or modify the deed in favor of anyone except himself but retaining neither the life income nor any interest in the res. Later decedent revoked the deed and re-established the trust in favor of the daughter's two children. On decedent's death the Commissioner of Internal Revenue included the value of the trust res in decedent's gross estate for purposes of taxation as provided by the Revenue Act of 1926 § 302(d). Held, that the tax was not repugnant to the Fifth …
Taxation - Property Subject To Inheritance Tax - Effect Of Reservation Of Life Income
Taxation - Property Subject To Inheritance Tax - Effect Of Reservation Of Life Income
Michigan Law Review
A father conveyed real estate to his daughter three years before his death by warranty deeds, absolute on their face but with the oral understanding that the father was to have all the income from the property during his lifetime. In a letter which the daughter wrote to her father several years later the terms of this oral agreement are given, but this letter, set forth in the statement of facts, is apparently not relied on by the court since no mention of it is made in the opinion. Held, that the gift was taxable under the inheritance tax …
Certain Problems Confronting Creditors When A Revocable Trust Accomplishes Testamentary Succession, Ray Leslie Alexander
Certain Problems Confronting Creditors When A Revocable Trust Accomplishes Testamentary Succession, Ray Leslie Alexander
Michigan Law Review
Under the overwhelming weight of authority the reservation by the settlor of the income from trust property, or of other benefits, during his lifetime, and of the power to revoke the trust and so recover all or any part of the principal does not invalidate the trust; nor does the trust fail because the trust instrument is not executed in accordance with the Statute of Wills. Upon the death of the settlor the corpus of such a trust is distributable by the trustee in accordance with the terms of the trust instrument and does not pass to the executor or …
Jurisdiction For The Purpose Of Imposing Inheritance Taxes, David R. Mason
Jurisdiction For The Purpose Of Imposing Inheritance Taxes, David R. Mason
Michigan Law Review
For nearly half a century so-called inheritance tax laws of the states of the United States have been predicated upon two distinct theories of jurisdiction, many states embodying both theories into their statutes. Recent decisions rendered by the Supreme Court of the United States, however, challenge the constitutionality of such a scheme and indicate the expediency of a review of the extent of state jurisdiction for the purpose of imposing such taxes.