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Full-Text Articles in Securities Law

Bankruptcy - Corporate Reorganization - Section 77b - Chapter X Of The Chandler Act - Boyd Case Rule, Edmund O'Hare Nov 1939

Bankruptcy - Corporate Reorganization - Section 77b - Chapter X Of The Chandler Act - Boyd Case Rule, Edmund O'Hare

Michigan Law Review

A subsidiary of the defendant corporation filed a reorganization petition under Section 77 B of the Bankruptcy Act and defendant presented a claim of over nine million dollars as a creditor, the claim being grounded upon moneys paid by defendant to the subsidiary for its benefit, management and supervision fees, rental and interest charges, and declared but unpaid dividends. Defendant owned about ninety-eight per cent of the common stock of the subsidiary. As the result of objections by the trustee and preferred stockholders of the subsidiary, defendant's claim was compromised at five million dollars. The reorganization plan provided in part …


Corporations - Liability Of Stockholders Of Bank Stock Holding Company For Statutory Assessment On Bank Stock., Edward J. Wendrow Jun 1938

Corporations - Liability Of Stockholders Of Bank Stock Holding Company For Statutory Assessment On Bank Stock., Edward J. Wendrow

Michigan Law Review

The late depression with its attendant bank failures and the consequent assessment of shareholders has resulted in bringing before the courts a question that has never been litigated until comparatively recent times. That is, can the shareholders of a holding company, whose assets consist of stock of the closed bank, be subjected to the statutory assessment when the corporation itself is unable to meet the assessment? The case of Nettles v. Rhett is the latest of this series, and is fairly typical of the issues involved. This case concerned a suit by the receiver of the Peoples State Bank of …


Taxation - Capital Gains Tax (Revenue Act Of 1928) - Reorganizations - Definition Of A Party To A Reorganization, Milton A. Kramer May 1938

Taxation - Capital Gains Tax (Revenue Act Of 1928) - Reorganizations - Definition Of A Party To A Reorganization, Milton A. Kramer

Michigan Law Review

Although "certainty" is one of the most desirable features of taxation, that quality has been conspicuously absent in regard to the portions of the 1928 Revenue Act which deal with capital gains in corporate reorganizations. In the four situations which the act sets forth as constituting a reorganization, capital gains arising therefrom are exempt from tax computation, the general purpose being to remove any impediment to normal corporate adjustments and to prevent the recognition of gains or losses until they are actually realized. However, this provision soon became an invitation for ingenious counsel to arrange the sales of corporate assets …


Corporations - Corporate Form Used To Evade Bank Double Liability, Michigan Law Review Jan 1938

Corporations - Corporate Form Used To Evade Bank Double Liability, Michigan Law Review

Michigan Law Review

Plaintiff, the receiver for an insolvent bank, sued the individual stockholders of an investment corporation on an assessment to the amount of the par value of the bank stock as provided by the constitution and statutes of South Carolina. The investment corporation had been organized several years previously to secure control of a group of banks. Its holdings throughout consisted only of bank stock, and finally solely of stock of the closed bank. Plaintiff claimed, since the corporation had no assets, that the stockholders of the investment corporation were individually liable, because the use of a holding company for the …


Bankruptcy - Corporate Reorganization - Effect Of Release Of Collateral Obligor On Dissenting Creditors, Edward D. Ransom Dec 1937

Bankruptcy - Corporate Reorganization - Effect Of Release Of Collateral Obligor On Dissenting Creditors, Edward D. Ransom

Michigan Law Review

The federal district court confirmed a plan of reorganization of debtor corporation, under section 77B of the Bankruptcy Act, which expressly released defendant from liability as guarantor of bonds of the corporation and provided for cancellation of the bonds and substitution of new certificates of stock. The plaintiff, a bondholder, made no objection when the plan was submitted to the court; objection by other bondholders was overruled. The plaintiff brought suit in municipal court on the defendant's guaranty. Defendant pleaded the confirmation of the plan by the district court as res adjudicata. The trial court denied the plea and entered …


Suretyship-Effect Of Death Of Surety On Rights Of Creditor, Jacob L. Keidan Apr 1937

Suretyship-Effect Of Death Of Surety On Rights Of Creditor, Jacob L. Keidan

Michigan Law Review

In a suit on a bond filed in accordance with statutory requirements by a depository designated by a court of bankruptcy, it was pleaded in defense that the surety died before any deposits were received by the designated bank. The circuit court of appeals held for the defendant, ruling that the bond was only a multiple offer and lapsed with the death of the surety. The Supreme Court reversed this decision on the ground that the bond was a single offer, and the designation of the bank as an official depository constituted an acceptance thereof. United States for the use …


Collateral Liabilities Under Section 77b, Homer Kripke Jan 1937

Collateral Liabilities Under Section 77b, Homer Kripke

Michigan Law Review

The passage of section 77B of the Bankruptcy Act in 1934 suggested to some lawyers the possibility of using the section as a means of modifying or eliminating the responsibility of persons collaterally liable on obligations for which the corporation to be reorganized or its property was also responsible. The question arose in two common types of situations: (1) guaranties of payment of dividends on capital stock; (2) liability for payment of the bonds or other indebtedness of corporations. In either of these situations, can the liability of persons other than the corporaticm be discharged or modified by reorganization of …


Corporations-Validity Of Option To Convert Preferred Stock Into Mortgage Bonds Jan 1936

Corporations-Validity Of Option To Convert Preferred Stock Into Mortgage Bonds

Michigan Law Review

A corporation issued preferred stock, with a fixed dividend rate, power to elect a director voting as a class, and an option in the holder to convert, at his election, into mortgage bonds which were issued at the same time. After a substantial indebtedness had been incurred by the corporation, the stockholders exercised their option to convert into bonds. The corporation then went into bankruptcy, and in reorganization proceedings, the bondholders claim a preference over general creditors. Held, that the former holders of the preferred stock were stockholders and not creditors of the corporation and that, in the absence …


Corporations - Obligation To Refund Dividends Paid Out Of Capital May 1932

Corporations - Obligation To Refund Dividends Paid Out Of Capital

Michigan Law Review

The general rule is fairly well established that, where dividends are paid, in whole or in part, out of the capital stock, corporate creditors, being such when the dividend was declared, or becoming such at any subsequent time, may, to the extent of their claims, if such claims are not otherwise paid, compel the stockholders to whom the dividend has been paid to refund whatever portion of the dividend was taken out of the capital stock. This, however, has been modified in the federal courts to the extent that where the dividend, although paid entirely out of capital, was received …


The Income Tax Liability Of Dividends In Liquidation, Roswell F. Magill Apr 1925

The Income Tax Liability Of Dividends In Liquidation, Roswell F. Magill

Michigan Law Review

The development of a scheme at once equitable and constitutional for the taxation of corporate distributions has been one of the more difficult problems confronting Congress and the courts since the adoption of the income tax amendment. Doubtless the chief reason for this difficulty has been the fact that the income tax liability of a shareholder upon such a distribution "has not been determinable merely by ascertaining whether the amounts received are the variety of receipts commonly regarded by their recipients as income,- in a word, by determining whether they constitute a "gain" to the shareholder. Rather, it is a …


Recent Important Decisions May 1915

Recent Important Decisions

Michigan Law Review

A collection of recent important court decisions.


Note And Comment, Henry M. Bates, Evans Holbrook, Will R. Roberts, Marcy K. Brown Jr, Allen M. Reed Apr 1915

Note And Comment, Henry M. Bates, Evans Holbrook, Will R. Roberts, Marcy K. Brown Jr, Allen M. Reed

Michigan Law Review

Legislative Power to Restrict Freedom of Labor Contracts -The struggle between the police power of the legislature and the nineteenth century idea of due process of law continues unremittingly. That increasing social necessities and a more comprehensive and perfect conception of justice have resulted in recent years in restricting the "due process" clauses in federal and state constitutions to their historically and logically more correct meaning and scope there can be no doubt. Scores, if not hundreds, of decisions by our courts and conspicuously those of the United States Supreme Court have shown complete recognition of the fact that the …


Recent Important Decisions Feb 1915

Recent Important Decisions

Michigan Law Review

A collection of recent important court decisions.


Recent Important Decisions Nov 1914

Recent Important Decisions

Michigan Law Review

A collection of recent important court decisions.


Recent Important Decisions Jun 1914

Recent Important Decisions

Michigan Law Review

A collection of recent important court decisions.


Note And Comment, George E. Kennedy, Louis P. Lackey, John R. Rood, Gordon Stoner, Ralph W. Aigler Nov 1913

Note And Comment, George E. Kennedy, Louis P. Lackey, John R. Rood, Gordon Stoner, Ralph W. Aigler

Michigan Law Review

The Law School -As a result of the increased requirements for admission, which are now in their second year of operation, the attendance at the Law School is less than that of last year, though the decrease is less than was anticipated at the time of the adoption of the higher requirements. The entering class (the second, under the new standard) is about thirty larger than that of last year. There are no changes in the teaching staff, and none of great importance in the curriculum.


Recent Important Decisions Mar 1913

Recent Important Decisions

Michigan Law Review

Bankruptcy - Judgment for Breach of Promis, Aggravated by Seduction, Not Dischargeable - Petitioner 'had secured a judgment against the bankrupt for the breach of a promise to marry, seduction under such promise having been pleaded in aggravation of damages; the common law rule prevails in New York and a woman may not maintain an action for her own seduction. The District Court (196 Fed. 571), viewing this as a judgment grounded solely in contract, and not in tort as "for -will-ful and malicious injury to the person or property of another," or for "seduction of an unmarried female," held …


Recent Important Decisions, Michigan Law Review Nov 1912

Recent Important Decisions, Michigan Law Review

Michigan Law Review

Animals--Abuse--Malice Toward the Owner; Assault and Battery--Apparent Ability; Bankruptcy--marshaling Assets of Partnership and of Constituent Firm; Banks and Banking--Checks--Fictitious Payee; Bills and Notes--Bona Fide Holder; Carrier--duty to Protect Passengers; Constitutional law--Division of Powers--Infringement on Executive; Constitutional law--Eminent Domain--Supersedure of Ordinance of 1787; Constitutional law--Special Legislation--Automobiles; Corporations--Issue of Stock--Corporation of Two States; Courts--Jurisdiction--Damage to Real Property Without the State--Negligence; Damage--Personal Injuries Contributing to Disease; Deeds--Assignment o fright of Entry Between Heirs; Deeds--Restrictive Covenant--"building" Defined; Equity--Infringement of Trade Marks--"Clean Hands"--Husband and Wife--Estate by Entirety--Conveyance of Husband's Interest; Judgment--Effect of the Transcript of a Justice's Judgement Filed in the District Court; Judgment--Estoppel--Homestead; Marriage--What …


Recent Important Decisions, Michigan Law Review Jun 1911

Recent Important Decisions, Michigan Law Review

Michigan Law Review

Attachment--Power of Notary Public to Take Affidavit Where He is an Attorney for One of the Parties; Bankruptcy--Effect of Discharge--Res Adjudicate; Bills and Notes--Presentment and Demand by Telephone; Constitutional Law--Commerce--State Regulation of Interstate Telegrams; Constitutional Law--community Property--Alienation Without Consent of Wife; Corporations--Criminal Responsibility--Imputation of Intent and Knowledge; Corporations--Dividends--Compulsory Declaration; Corporations--Stockholder's Right to Examine Books--Motive; Easements--Grants for Pipe Lines--Rights Acquired--Telephone Line; Evidence--Character of Disbarment Proceedings--Use of Deposition; Evidence--Uncorroborated Testimony of an Accomplice; Fraudulent Conveyances--Voluntary Conveyances--Solvency and Insolvency of Grantor; Homestead--When Liable for Debts; Husband and Wife--Exception to Presumption of Coercion--House of Ill Fame; Injunction--Action on Note by Attorney Against Client--Remedy at …


Recent Important Decisions, Michigan Law Review Mar 1911

Recent Important Decisions, Michigan Law Review

Michigan Law Review

Accident Insurance--Accident or Disease; Antenuptial Contract; Waiver of Performance; Bankruptcy--Arrest of Bankrupt--Exemption from Arrest; Bankruptcy--Effect upon a Surety of Bankrupt's Discharge; Charities--Validity--Certainty as to Purpose of the Gift; Constitutional Law--Equal Protectin of the Laws--Abrogation of Fellow-Servant Rule; Constitutional Law--Equal Protection of the Laws--Permit to Woman Pharmacist to Sell Liquors; Constracts--Public Policy; Corporations--Injury to Minority Stockholders--Remedy by Injunction; Corporations--Nature of a Corporation--Franchises; Deeds--Specific Performance of a Condition Subsequent; Elections--Primary Elections--Failure of Nominee to File Expense Account; Evidence--Parol Testimony--Admissibility; Husband and Wife--Personal Torts Between; Husband and Wife--Subrogation of Wife to Rights of Creditors for Necessaries; Inn-Keepers--Liability for Goods of Guest--Termination of Liability; …


Recent Important Decisions, Michigan Law Review Jan 1911

Recent Important Decisions, Michigan Law Review

Michigan Law Review

Adverse Possession--Paper Title--Constructive Possession--Occupancy; Bankruptcy--Property Vesting in Trustee--Insurance Policies with Cash Surrender Value Absorbed by a Lien; Bankruptcy--Provable Debts--Contingent Claims--Landlord and Tenant; Bills and Notes--Incomplete and Undelivered Check, completed and Negotiated by Thief--Delivery Not Presumed; Bills and Notes--Note Distinguished from Testamentary Disposition; Contracts--Consideration--Forbearance to Sue; Contracts--Illegal Contract--Agent's Liability for Proceeds; Corporations--corporate Stock--Priority of Rights Between Unrecorded Transferee and Attachment Creditor; Criminal Procedure--Sealed Verdict--Separation of Jury; Eminent Domain--Streets--Power to Condemn Land Required for Railroad Purposes; Evidence--Presumptions and Burden of Proof in Case of Corporation Charged with Crime; Garnishments--On What Actions Available--Liquidated Claims; Insurance--change of Rates in Mutual Benefit Association; Judgments--Foreign Judgment--Merger--Bar; …


Recent Important Decisions, Michigan Law Review Jan 1910

Recent Important Decisions, Michigan Law Review

Michigan Law Review

Bankruptcy--Corporation "Engaged Principally in Manufacturing"; Bankruptcy--Invalidity of Liens for Want of Record; Bills and Notes--Effect of Agreement to Pay Attorney's Fees on Negotiability; Boundaries--Street--Riparian Rights; Carriers--Negligent Delay of Passenger--Liability; Constitutional Law--Due Process of Law--Banking--Guaranty Fund; Constitutional Law--Vested rights--rights in Navigable and Non-Navigable Waters; Contracts--Performance of Building Contract; Corporations--Capital Stock--Trust Fund--Right of Bank to Purchase its own Stock; Corporations--Ownership of Stock--Unlawful Pledge--Rights of Pledgee; Damage--Breach of Covenant Against Incumbrances--Though Incumbrance Removed Nominal Damages Recoverable; Divorce--Grounds--Extreme Cruelty--Malicious Charges; Dower--Right to Dower--Divorce--Interlocutory Decree; Evidence--difference Between Burden of Proof and burden of Evidence; Evidence--Proof of Death--Privileged Communications Between Husband and Wife; Homestead--Fraudulent Conveyance--Right of …


Recent Important Decisions, Michigan Law Review Jan 1909

Recent Important Decisions, Michigan Law Review

Michigan Law Review

Adjoining Landowners--Excavations--"Contiguous" Structures; Aliens--Naturalization--Persons of Japanese Race--"White Persons"; Bankruptcy--Suit by Trustee--Recovery of Property Transferred by Bankrupt; Carriers--Duty to Person Riding on Engine; Carriers--Through Contract--Liability of Connecting Carriers; Color of Title as Extending Possession of Adverse Claimant--Deed to Claimant's Vendor; Constitutional Law--Due Process of Law--White and Negro Pupils; Constitutional Law--Interstate Commerce--Power of Congress to Regulate; Constitutional Law--Secret Societies--Unauthorized Wearing of Badges; Conversion--Time of Conversion--Pledges--Assertion of Title; Corporations--Stockholder's Liability--Enforcement in Other States; Damages--For Interference with Employment--Mental Suffering an Element; Dedication--Acceptance--Ordinance Fixing Grade; Deed--Acknowledgement Taken by Officer and Stockholder of Corporation Grantor; Deeds--Building Restriction--"Front Property Line" of Corner Lot; Deeds--Restrictive Covenant--Electric Light Station …


Recent Important Decisions, Michigan Law Review Nov 1908

Recent Important Decisions, Michigan Law Review

Michigan Law Review

Bankruptcy--Jurisdiction--Appointment of Referee; Carriers--Liability for Baggage--Proximate Cause; Constitutional Law--Impairing Obligation of Contract; Constitutional Law--Police Power--Regulation of Liquor Traffic; Contract of Sale--Written Contract--Alteration by Parol; Corporations--Existence Apart from Stockholders--Corporation Composed of Negroes Not a "Colored" Person; Corporations--Transfer of Shares--Bona Fide Purchasers--Estoppel; Damages--Measure for Wrongful Levy and Detention; Deeds--Distinguished from Wills--Power of Disposition Reserved; Deeds--Reservation of Right of Action for Damages--Liability of Subsequent Vendee; Descent and Distribution--Murderer's Right to Take His Statutory Share of His Victim's Estate; Divorce--Abandonment--Insanity of Deserting Spouse; Easements--Construction--Automobiles as Carriages; Elections--Irregularities in Ballots; Evidence--Admissions of a Trustee Against the Cestui Que Trust; Evidence--Judicial Notice of Foreign Law; Homestead--Mortgage …


Recent Important Decisions, Michigan Law Review Jun 1908

Recent Important Decisions, Michigan Law Review

Michigan Law Review

Acknowledgement--Persons Entitled to Take--Officer and Stock-Holder of Corporation; Agency--Brokers--contract of Employment--Middleman--When Commissions are Earned; Bankruptcy--Discharge--Vacation; Bankruptcy--Jurisdiction--Summary Proceeding; Bills and Notes--Liability of Infant on note Given for Necessaries--Misrepresentation of Age; Carriers--Passenger's Signature to Excursion Ticket; Constitutional Law--Eleventh Amendment--Jurisdiction of Federal Circuit Court--Penalty for Disobeying Rate Legislation; Constitutional Law--State Taxation--Property in Transit; Corporations--Franchise and License Distinguished; Damages--Liquidated Damages--Discounts; Death by Wrongful Act--Statute--Construction--Death Outside the State--Right to Sue; Deeds--Adverse Possession--Color of Title; Evidence--Admissions in Pleadings; Evidence--Best Evidence; Evidence--Works on History as Evidence; Extortion--Indictment--Sufficiency; Imprisonment for Debt--Solitary Confinement; Injunction--Scope of Order Restraining Strike; Insane Persons--Conveyances--Avoidance--Ejectment; Insurance--Rescission of Contract--Action for--Interest of Beneficiaries; Interstate Commerce--Regulation of, …


Recent Important Decisions, Michigan Law Reviw May 1908

Recent Important Decisions, Michigan Law Reviw

Michigan Law Review

Adverse Possession--Property Subject to Highways; Agency--Brokers--Commissions--When Earned; Bankruptcy--Acts of Bankruptcy--Payment with Intent to Prefer a Creditor; Bankruptcy--Jurisdiction of Court--Suits Between Trustee and Claimants of Property--Suites Against Trustee; Bills and Notes--Nonnegotiable Notes--Liability of Indorser; Bonds--Joint Stock Association--Negotiability; Carriers--Free Transportation as a Penalty; Carriers--Waiver of Stipulations as to Suits; Constitutional Law--Due Process of Law--Indeterminate Sentence Law; Constitutional Law--corporations--Foreign Corporations--Exclusion For Removal of Cause to Federal Courts; Constitutional law--Powers of Constitutional Convention; Criminal Law--Capital Offense--Bail--When Granted; Criminal Law--Murder--Elements of Murder; Damages--Action by Husband for Loss of Wife's Services; Damages--Failure to Deliver Telegram--Mental Suffering--Near Relative; Deeds--Joiner of Infant Husband; Divorce--Temporary Alimony and Counsel Fees--Appeal--Decisions …


Recent Important Decisions, Michigan Law Review Apr 1908

Recent Important Decisions, Michigan Law Review

Michigan Law Review

Adoption--Defect in Proceedings--Effect; Bankruptcy--Equitable Rights under Unrecorded Mortgage--Agreement to Insure--Equitable Lien on Insurance Money; Bankruptcy--Insolvent Firm--Individual Estate of Unadjudicated Solvent Partner Not Subject to Administration; Bills and Notes--Liability of Indorser of Non-Negotiable Note; Bills and Notes--Liability of Irregular Indorser; Carriers--Wrongful Treatment of Passengers--Damages for Mental Suffering; Constitutional Law--Imprisonment for Debt--Peonage; Constitutional Law--Interstate Commerce--Shipments Within a State; Corporations--Foreign Corporations--Effect of Withdrawal From State--Validity of Service; Courts--Jurisdiction--Action Under the Laws of Another State; Covenants--Running with the Land; Damages--Destruction of Growing Grass; Evidence--Admissibility of a Deed as an Ancient Document; Evident--Admissions in Pleading; Garnishment--Nonresident Defendant--Jurisdiction; Jury--Right to Trial by Twelve Jurors--Waiver of Jury; …


Recent Important Decisions, Michigan Law Review Mar 1908

Recent Important Decisions, Michigan Law Review

Michigan Law Review

Bankruptcy--Assignment--Validity--Possession of Res.; Carriers--Assaults by Employees on Passengers; Constitutional Law--Judicial Powers--Legislative Action of City Council Not Enjoined; Constitutional Law--Privileges and Immunities; Constitutional Law--Taxation of Imports; Contracts--Accord and Satisfaction--Consideration; Corporations--Liability of Bondholders on "Bonus Stock"; Covenants--Creation by Acceptance of Deed Poll; Criminal Law--Habeas Corpus--Want of Jurisdiction; Damages--For Wrongful Cutting of Timber--Value of the Manufactured Lumber; Evidence--Admissions of a Tenant in Common; Evidence--Effect of Plaintiff's Refusal to Submit to Physical Examination; Equity--Laches; foreign Corporations--What Constitutes "doing Business" in the State--Restrictions on State in Case of Interstate Commerce; Injunction--Suspension of Operative Force Pending Appeal; Judgment--conclusiveness--Matters Concluded; Judgment--foreign Judgment--Enforcement; Landlord and Tenant--Trade Fixtures--Right of …


Recent Important Decisions, Michigan Law Review Apr 1907

Recent Important Decisions, Michigan Law Review

Michigan Law Review

Aliens - Right to Take Land by Descent - Loss of State's Right to Escheat; Bailment - Liability of Incidental Bailee; Bankruptcy - Preferences - Franchise Tax; Bankruptcy - Transfers Required to be Recorded - Preferences; Bills and Notes - Bona Fide Purchaser - Notice of Want of Power in Transferrer; Bills and Notes - Unrestricted Negotiability of Bills of Lading; Constitutional Law - Commerce Clause - Statute Relating to Interstate Carriers as Employers; Constitutional Law - Indeterminate Sentence Law; Courts - Rules of Property - Stare Decisis; Criminal Law - Exclusion of Public from Trials; Criminal Law - Impeachment …


Recent Important Decisions, Michigan Law Review Feb 1907

Recent Important Decisions, Michigan Law Review

Michigan Law Review

Admiralty--Liability of Public Corporation for Tort; Bankruptcy--bills and Notes--discharge of Indorser; Bankruptcy--Title to Stock Held by Stockholders; Bills and Notes--Renewal of Void Note--Moral Obligation Not a Good Consideration; Bills and Notes--Renewal of Void Note--Moral Obligation Sufficient Consideration; Carriers--contributory Negligence--Protruding Arms of Passengers; Carriers--Contributory Negligence--Protruding Arms of Passengers; Constitutional law--foreign Corporations--Service of Summons on the Auditor of State--Due Process of Law; Contract to Devise--Parol Evidence to vary Consideration Expressed in a Deed; Corporations--application for Shares--Contracts; Easements--Way of Necessity--Relation of Parties; Equity--Jurisdiction--Bills of Peace; Executors and Administrators--Allowance to Surviving Children--Stepchildren; Garnishment--Proceeds form Sale of Homestead Exempt; Garnishment--Waiver of Defect in Writ; Homestead--conveyance--Joinder …