Science and Technology Law Commons^™

Ids Practice After Therasense And The Aia: Decoupling The Link Between Information Disclosure And Inequitable Conduct, Arpita Bhattacharyya, Michael R. Mcgurk

Santa Clara High Technology Law Journal

The duty to disclose material information to the United States Patent and Trademark Office under 37 C.F.R. § 1.56 (Rule 56) is a critical requirement when prosecuting a patent application in the United States. The failure to disclose information can result in a later ruling of inequitable conduct rendering the patent unenforceable. The Federal Circuit’s en banc decision in Therasense heightened the “materiality” and “intent” standards for finding inequitable conduct. However, there has been much uncertainty in the patent community regarding the future of the duty of disclosure under Rule 56. The majority in Therasense theorized that curing the “plague” …

Can Bruce Willis Leave His Itunes Collection To His Children?: Inheritability Of Digital Media In The Face Of Eulas, Claudine Wong

Santa Clara High Technology Law Journal

In early September, 2012, multiple news agencies reported that actor Bruce Willis was going to sue Apple for the right to pass his iTunes collection to his children upon his death. While the story ultimately proved to be false, it begs the question: Can Mr. Willis actually pass his iTunes songs, legally purchased but subject to a license agreement, to his daughters? We are increasingly acquiring digital music and e-books, copyrighted digital content with legally well-understood physical equivalents. As users pass away, their families are left to wonder if or how they can gain access to the deceased person’s digital …

When The Classroom Is Not In The Schoolhouse: Applying Tinker To Student Speech At Online Schools, Brett T. Macintyre

Seattle University Law Review

Despite the overwhelming increase in students’ Internet use and the growing popularity of online public schools, the United States Supreme Court has never addressed how, or if, schools can discipline students for disruptive online speech without violating the students’ First Amendment rights. What the Supreme Court has addressed is how school administrators can constitutionally discipline students within traditional schools. In a landmark decision, Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District, the Supreme Court announced the now famous principle that students do not “shed their constitutional rights to freedom of speech or expression at the schoolhouse gate.” Still, the Court …

The Admissibility Of Cell Site Location Information In Washington Courts, Ryan W. Dumm

Seattle University Law Review

This Comment principally explores when and how a party can successfully admit cell cite location information into evidence. Beginning with the threshold inquiry of relevance, Part III examines when cell site location information is relevant and in what circumstances the information, though relevant, could be unfairly prejudicial, cumulative, or confusing. Part IV provides the bulk of the analysis, which centers on the substantive foundation necessary to establish the information’s credibility and authenticity. Part V looks at three ancillary issues: hearsay, a criminal defendant’s Sixth Amendment confrontation rights, and the introduction of a summary of voluminous records. Finally, Part VI offers …

Growing Washington's Clean Energy Economy, University Of Washington Technology Law And Public Policy Clinic

Technology Law and Public Policy Clinic

Clean energy technologies have begun to transform the national economy. Growth in this sector is expected to be as high as four-­‐fold, generating more than $2 trillion per year by 2020. Washington State has historically been a leader in the field by pursuing low-­‐carbon energy policies, such as renewable portfolio standards and green building codes. But as competition increases, Washington needs to continue to improve to stay on top. This report presents a package of proposals that address policy and technical barriers to developing Washington State’s clean energy economy.

Stopping Mtic — With A 3rd Invoicing Directive, Richard Thompson Ainsworth

Faculty Scholarship

A Third Invoicing Directive for the EU VAT seems to be a foregone conclusion. Corrections are needed in the Second Invoicing Directive. The hallmark of the next Directive will be its application of digital invoice technology. The Commission’s proposals will include adoption of tax-technology advances in invoice-control that are currently in use outside the EU. The next Invoicing Directive will require comprehensive e-invoicing, invoices that are digitally signed, and invoices that are fed into a system of relational databases that match transaction data across the Single Market. There will be real-time EU sales/purchases lists, and remote/real-time audit functionality.

This will …

Energy, U.S. Department Of, Bert Chapman

Libraries Faculty and Staff Scholarship and Research

Provides information about the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and its predecessor agencies and how DOE influences federal energy policy and scientific research in the western U.S.

Hydroelectric Power, Bert Chapman

Libraries Faculty and Staff Scholarship and Research

Provides a historical overview and contemporary analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of federal government support for hydroelectric power in the American West.

Exclusivity Without Patents: The New Frontier Of Fda Regulation For Genetic Materials, Gregory Dolin

All Faculty Scholarship

Over the last twenty years, the legal and scientific academic communities have been embroiled in a debate about the patent eligibility of genetic materials. The stakes for both sides could not be higher. On one hand are the potential multi-billion dollar profits on the fruits of research (from newly discovered genes), and on the other is scientists' ability to continue and expand research into the human genome to improve patients' access to affordable diagnostic and therapeutic modalities. This debate is currently pending before the Supreme Court, which is considering a petition for certiorari in Ass'n for Molecular Pathology v. U.S. …

Computer Literacy For Administrative Law Judges, Emilio Jaksetic

Journal of the National Association of Administrative Law Judiciary

No abstract provided.

Judicial Review Of Forest Service Decisions Made Pursuant To The National Forest Management Act's Substantive Requirements: Time For A Science Court?, Kristen Potter

Journal of the National Association of Administrative Law Judiciary

This article is divided into five sections. Section I reviews the legal and historical background of forest law, culminating in NFMA, and establishes why many believe that the NFMA provides a greater role for courts. Section II presents the underpinnings of judicial review and deference to administrative agencies, such as the Forest Service. Section III provides examples of the deference applied in challenges to the Forest Service's attempted compliance with NFMA's diversity requirements. Section IV discusses the benefits and shortcomings of a specialized court in addressing the criticisms of the present system. Section V concludes that a specialized court is …

The Information Privacy Law Of Web Applications And Cloud Computing, Sebastian Zimmeck

Santa Clara High Technology Law Journal

This article surveys and evaluates the privacy law of web applications and cloud computing. Cloud services, and web applications in particular, are subject to many different privacy law requirements. While these requirements are often perceived as illfitting, they can be interpreted to provide a structurally sound and coherent privacy regime. The applicable body of law can be separated into two tiers: the primary privacy law and the secondary privacy law. The primary privacy law is created by the providers and users of cloud services through privacy contracts, especially, privacy policies. The secondary privacy law, contained, for example, in statutes and …

Patent Protection Of Pharmacologically Active Metabolites: Theoretical And Technological Analysis On The Jurisprudence Of Four Regions, Richard Li-Dar Wang, Pei-Chen Huang

Santa Clara High Technology Law Journal

Active metabolite patents have been instrumental for brandname pharmaceutical companies to maintain their exclusivity even after the drug patents expire. This strategy obstructs market entry of generic medicine and reduces affordable drugs. The authors review jurisprudence from the United States, Europe, India, and Taiwan in search for practical solutions to confront this problem. Given the unique pharmacological value that active metabolites may possess, patent protection for those purified or synthesized in vitro should be preserved, but for those produced by metabolism should be declined. Except India, most countries under investigation comport with this dichotomy. Their jurisprudence may be subsumed into …

Copyright Subject Matter And A "Light" For Designers' Rights, Matteo Mancinella

Santa Clara High Technology Law Journal

Copyright protection in the fashion industry is currently the focus of intense debate in the United States, particularly centered on the utility of special legislation to protect designs from knock-offs. This article focuses on the importance of copyright protection for fashion designers, and the obstacles to copyright currently faced by fashion designers.

What is the legal rationale for not providing copyright protection for fashion design? Why are designers’ creations not granted copyright protection? Unlike authors and musicians, fashion designers can only enjoy protection afforded by trademark for logos. Clothing is considered a “useful article”—not eligible for copyright protection—unless it is …

Open Source Software Compliance: The Devil Is Not So Black As He Is Painted, Maxim V. Tsotsorin

Santa Clara High Technology Law Journal

Many commercial enterprises effectively utilize open source code when developing various software products—virtually every software developer uses open source in his or her work. But along with economic benefits and production efficiency come significant legal risks, exacerbated by the wide availability of OSS components. While some licenses are permissive and demand very little, others require any work based on, or even containing only parts of an open source code, to be distributed only as OSS.

Most commercial enterprises and software developers recognize potential business and legal risks and implement some sort of compliance mechanism as a best practice. But what …

Judicial Fitness For Review Of Complex Biotechnology Issues In Patent Litigation: Technical Claim Interpretation, Megan E. Lyman

Journal of the National Association of Administrative Law Judiciary

No abstract provided.

Patent Exhaustion And The Federal Circuit’S Deviant Conditional Sale Doctrine: Bowman V. Monsanto, Adam Garmezy

Duke Journal of Constitutional Law & Public Policy Sidebar

No abstract provided.

Agenda: Water, Oil And Gas 101, University Of Colorado Boulder. Getches-Wilkinson Center For Natural Resources, Energy, And The Environment. Intermountain Oil And Gas Bmp Project, Rocky Mountain Land Use Institute, Sturm College Of Law, University Of Denver, Colorado Bar Association Cle, White & Jankowski, Llp

Water, Oil and Gas 101 (April 10)

Program co-chairs: Sarah Klahn, Matthew Sura; planning committee: Susan Daggett, Kathryn Mutz.

This full-day program, cosponsored by the Rocky Mountain Land Use Institute (Sturm College of Law, University of Denver), the Colorado Bar Association CLE, and White & Jankowski, LLP, was the first of a 3-part series focusing on water, oil and gas issues of critical interest in Colorado.

The first program provided an overview of the pertinent law and issues generated when the water, oil and gas industries interact; and addressed water quality concerns and the purchasing of water from municipalities for hydraulic fracturing and drilling. Program #2 is …

E-Verify Can Stop Refund Fraud, Richard Thompson Ainsworth, Andrew Shact

Faculty Scholarship

Two issues in the current Washington debates need to be linked. E-Verify, the Internet-based database that allows employers to verify an employee’s work eligibility that is at the center of the immigration debate, is the ideal tool for stopping tax refund fraud. All that is needed is a digital signature of the E-Verify result, and the mandatory inscription of this signature on tax documents to make them self-authenticating.

The central features of this proposal have been made before. The technology it requires is tried and proven. The processes and procedure it advocates are in place and effectively deployed in foreign …

Bates V. Dow Agrosciences: Overcoming Federal Preemption And Giving The People A Voice , Kim Ly

Journal of the National Association of Administrative Law Judiciary

This note explores the U.S. Supreme Court's ruling in Bates v. Dow Agrosciences LLC. Part II discusses the historical background and procedural history of the case. Part III lays out the facts of the Bates case. Part IV analyzes the majority opinion given by Justice Stevens and Justice Breyer's concurring opinion, and the opinion of Justice Thomas, concurring in part and dissenting in part. Part V considers Bates's judicial, legislative and administrative impact. Part VI concludes the discussion of the Bates decision.

Making Method Visible: Improving The Quality Of Science-Based Regulation, Pasky Pascual, Wendy Wagner, Elizabeth Fisher

Michigan Journal of Environmental & Administrative Law

Scientific inferences are theories about how the world works that scientists formulate based on their observations. One of the most difficult issues at the intersection of law and science is to determine whether the weight of evidence supports one scientific inference versus other competing interpretations of the observations. In administrative law, this difficulty is exacerbated by the behavior of both the courts and regulatory agencies. Agencies seldom achieve the requisite visibility that explains the analytical methods they use to reach their scientific inferences. Courts—because they appreciate neither the variety of inferential methods nor their epistemic foundations—do not demand this level …

Recalibrating Our Empirical Understanding Of Inequitable Conduct, Jason Rantanen

IP Theory

No abstract provided.

Explaining The Supreme Court's Interest In Patent Law, Timothy R. Holbrook

IP Theory

No abstract provided.

Dissenting State Patent Regimes, Camilla A. Hrdy

IP Theory

No abstract provided.

Law's Treatment Of Science: From Idealization To Understanding, Nayha Acharya

Dalhousie Law Journal

Increasing reliance on scientific evidence in litigation has created a demand for discussions directed at enabling a legitimate interaction between science and law The article develops the notion ofprocedural legitimacy-that adherence to legal procedure maintains the legitimacy of the adjudicative system and its outcomes -and applies it to determining how best to admit and use scientific evidence. The problem of undervaluing procedural legitimacy is illustrated through a commentary on contributions to the science and law discussion of Edmond and Roach, and Haack. The author's thesis is that maintaining adjudicative legitimacy depends on procedural rules being applied as vigilantly to science …

A Match Made On Earth: Getting Real About Science And The Law, Susan Haack

Dalhousie Law Journal

Modern legal systems increasingly depend on scientific testimony; but they also need somehow to ensure, so far as possible, that fact-finders aren't misled by highly speculative, poorly-conducted, or dishonestly-presented science. The Critical Common-sensist understanding of science that the author has developed in Defending Science and elsewhere sheds some light on why these interactions between law and science have proven so problematic. But Ms. Acharya's approach to these difficult issues rests on a flawed conception of the supposed "scientificmethod,"and an idea of legal "legitimacy" too weak to bear the weight she places on it; and her claim that the author "idealizes" …

Trial By Theory: A Response To Acharya's "Law's Treatment Of Science: From Idealization To Understanding", Gary Edmond, Kent Roach

Dalhousie Law Journal

Adopting a pragmatic and empirically sensitive approach to the use of forensic science and medicine, this essay defends Edmond and Roach's "AContextual Approach to the Admissibility of the State's Forensic Science and Medical Evidence." The authors reiterate their concerns about idealized approaches to science and expertise and question the utility of philosophically-driven and essentialist models of science for legal practice. In detail the essay explains why privileging process over outcomes in the criminal process (andeven perpetuating the dichotomy) is misguided. The authors affirm the importance of factual accuracy and the socio-institutional illegitimacy generated by wrongful convictions. Drawing upon recent inquiries …

Response To Haack And Edmond/Roach Articles, Nayha Acharya

Dalhousie Law Journal

I am grateful to Professors Edmond and Roach' and Professor Haack2 for their thoughtful replies to my paper, Law 's Treatment of Science: From Idealizationto Understanding.Much like my experience after reading "A Contextual Approach to the Admissibility of the State's Forensic Science and Medical Evidence,"' and Haack's contributions, 4 I have come away from reviewing Edmond and Roach and Haack's replies with a heightened awareness that the admissibility of scientific evidence is significant and complicated. Both replies have raised important concerns that have demanded further attention from me, which I turn to here. My response to Edmond and Roach's Reply …

"Rethinking" Embryo Disposition Upon Divorce, Michael T. Flannery

Law Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

The Collision Of Law And Science: American Court Responses To Developments In Forensic Science, Sarah Lucy Cooper

Pace Law Review

This paper considers how American courts have responded to developments in forensic science by focusing on four popular forensic science disciplines: (1) fingerprint identification (friction ridge analysis); (2) firearms identification (tool-mark analysis); (3) bite mark identification (forensic odontology); and (4) arson investigation (fire science). Part I briefly explores the relationship between law and science. Part II charts the development of the legal frameworks that govern the admissibility of expert evidence in America. Part III discusses the identification methods employed by these four disciplines and provides examples of erroneous identifications. Part IV comments on the NAS Report findings that relate to …