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Articles 211 - 240 of 245
Full-Text Articles in Science and Technology Law
Artificial Intellegence And Policing: First Questions, Elizabeth E. Joh
Artificial Intellegence And Policing: First Questions, Elizabeth E. Joh
Seattle University Law Review
Artificial intelligence is playing an increasingly larger role in all sectors of society, including policing. Many police departments are already using artificial intelligence (AI) to help predict and identify suspicious persons and places.1 Increased computational power and oceans of data have given rise to inferences about violence and threats.2 AI will change policing just as it will healthcare, insurance, commerce, and transportation. But what questions should we ask about AI and policing?
Ethical Machines?, Ariela Tubert
Ethical Machines?, Ariela Tubert
Seattle University Law Review
This Article explores the possibility of having ethical artificial intelligence. It argues that we face a dilemma in trying to develop artificial intelligence that is ethical: either we have to be able to codify ethics as a set of rules or we have to value a machine’s ability to make ethical mistakes so that it can learn ethics like children do. Neither path seems very promising, though perhaps by thinking about the difficulties with each we may come to a better understanding of artificial intelligence and ourselves.
Introduction, Annette Clark
Introduction, Annette Clark
Seattle University Law Review
Introductory remarks given by Dean Annette Clark at the 2018 Seattle University School of Law symposium “Singularity: AI and the Law.”
A Prescription For Biopharmaceutical Patents: A Cure For Inter Partes Review Ailments, Alex A. Jurisch
A Prescription For Biopharmaceutical Patents: A Cure For Inter Partes Review Ailments, Alex A. Jurisch
Seattle University Law Review
The patent system in the United States was forever changed with the introduction of the Leahy-Smith America Invents Act (AIA) in September of 2011. The AIA brought sweeping changes to American patent law in order to align the U.S. with much of the rest of the world by changing the invention priority from a “first to invent” to a “first to file” system. The first section of this note will provide a brief overview of the substance of inter partes reviews and some of the most critical negatives that have become apparent since 2013. The second section of this Note …
Curtailing Online Service Provider Immunity From Liability: An Advocacy For The Entension Of Roommates.Com, Corey Patton
Curtailing Online Service Provider Immunity From Liability: An Advocacy For The Entension Of Roommates.Com, Corey Patton
Seattle University Law Review
Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act (CDA) was enacted following the controversial decision in Stratton Oakmont, Inc. v. Prodigy Servs. Co., where an interactive computer service provider was held liable for a libelous message posted by a user on one of its financial message boards. The court determined that the service provider was a “publisher” of the libelous message for the purposes of state law because it had engaged in screening and moderating of other objectionable posts on its message boards but failed to remove the libelous message in question. Because the service provider voluntarily self-policed some of the …
3d Bioprinting Patentable Subject Matter Boundaries, Tabrez Y. Ebrahim
3d Bioprinting Patentable Subject Matter Boundaries, Tabrez Y. Ebrahim
Seattle University Law Review
3D bioprinting combines emerging 3D printing technologies with synthetic biology. The promise of 3D bioprinting technology is to fabricate organs for transplantation, treat burn victims with in vivo skin repair, and create wearable microbiomes. 3D bioprinting can successively build, repair, or reproduce living human cells. This capability challenges eligible subject matter doctrine in U.S. patent law because the law has no brightline standard for patent eligibility for nature-based products. As 3D bioprinting technologies mature, U.S. patent law will need to respond to situations where living and nonliving worlds merge. This Article proposes a “Mixed-Scanned-Transformed” standard to supplement U.S. patent law’s …
Privatization Of The Judiciary, Eldar Haber
Privatization Of The Judiciary, Eldar Haber
Seattle University Law Review
The digital era invoked new challenges to judicial systems. The Internet enabled violation of privacy and intellectual property rights and enhanced the magnitude of criminal activity. Recognizing the inability of courts to handle a high magnitude of lawsuits, along with enforcement difficulties, policymakers worldwide chose to delegate quasi-judicial powers to online intermediaries that facilitate or enable such potential violations or infringements of rights. Search engines were first tasked to perform a quasi-judicial role under a notice-and-takedown regime to combat copyright infringement around the world. Recently, the European Union (EU) decided to delegate judicial authority to search engines by granting rights …
Wearable Fitness Devices: Personal Health Data Privacy In Washington State, Steven Spann
Wearable Fitness Devices: Personal Health Data Privacy In Washington State, Steven Spann
Seattle University Law Review
Private entities are increasingly targeting individuals in the United States and around the world to gather personal data for such purposes as product development, market identification, and insurance risk assessment. While credit card records and online browsing histories have long been the medium through which this data is gathered, in more recent years, wearable fitness devices have added a new dimension to data production and collection. These devices are capable of gathering a significant amount of data regarding a person’s physical and physiological characteristics, thereby exposing these data producers to personal privacy infringement. Washington State lawmakers and citizens must be …
Neuroimaging Evidence: A Solution To The Problem Of Proving Pain And Suffering?, Brady Somers
Neuroimaging Evidence: A Solution To The Problem Of Proving Pain And Suffering?, Brady Somers
Seattle University Law Review
Envision a plaintiff who was injured on the job at a construction site due to his employer’s negligence. The plaintiff has chronic back pain, but it is not verifiable on an X-ray, nor is a physical injury readily discernible by any other technology. Presently, fact finders are given the broad discretion to decide whether they find this plaintiff credible, and accordingly, whether they believe he is truly in pain and deserves damages for pain and suffering. However, neuroimaging—specifically functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)—could allow those fact finders to visualize whether this plaintiff was hurting by depicting the unique signatures that …
Seeing Color: Implications Of The European Union's New Common Practice For Transatlantic Trademark Registration By United States Trademark Holders, Christine Park
Seattle University Law Review
This Note explores two issues related to the EU’s new common practice: (1) whether the new common practice will deter ongoing efforts to integrate trademark registration and protection at the international level; and (2) whether U.S. trademark holders, when expanding business into the EU, should register through the Madrid Protocol and obtain Community Trade Mark or register through a country’s trademark office. This Note argues that the new trademark practice hinders international efforts for standardizing trademark registration and that U.S. trademark holders should claim color when registering their marks with the EU.
Bringing Continuity To Cryptocurrency: Commercial Law As A Guide To The Asset Categorization Of Bitcoin, Evan Hewitt
Bringing Continuity To Cryptocurrency: Commercial Law As A Guide To The Asset Categorization Of Bitcoin, Evan Hewitt
Seattle University Law Review
This Note will undertake to analyze bitcoin under the Uniform Commercial Code (UCC) and the Internal Revenue Code (IRC)—two important sources of commercial law—to see whether any existing asset categories adequately protect bitcoin’s commercial viability. This Note will demonstrate that although commercial law dictates that bitcoin should—nay must—be regulated as a currency in order to sustain its existence, the very definition of currency seems to preclude that from happening. Therefore, this Note will recommend that we experiment with a new type of asset that receives currency-like treatment, specifically designed for cryptocurrencies, under which bitcoin can be categorized in order to …
Trading Privacy For Angry Birds: A Call For Courts To Reevaluate Privacy Expectations In Modern Smartphones, Jeremy Andrew Ciarabellini
Trading Privacy For Angry Birds: A Call For Courts To Reevaluate Privacy Expectations In Modern Smartphones, Jeremy Andrew Ciarabellini
Seattle University Law Review
Of all the smartphone uses, the calling function is probably used the least. Rather, individuals more commonly use their smartphone for surfing the web, checking Facebook, and playing games. Highlighting the “smart” in smartphone, these phones often know more about their users’ daily activities than the users. Without requiring any sort of input, smartphones can tell the user how many steps they walk each day, when it is time to leave for work (also, of course, determining the traveling time with the most up-to-date traffic reports), and when an item recently ordered on Amazon will be delivered. Smartphone users may …
Authorized Investigation: A Temperate Alternative To Cyber Insecurity, Casey M. Bruner
Authorized Investigation: A Temperate Alternative To Cyber Insecurity, Casey M. Bruner
Seattle University Law Review
This Note aims to show that legal structures created to protect the Internet in its original form are completely insufficient to protect what the Internet has become. This antiquated legal framework is exacerbating the problem. The breadth of activity that the current law restricts severely limits the remedies that cyberattack victims can pursue, and it must be updated. While full hack-back may prove necessary in the long run, I argue for a more temperate initial response to the problem—I call this response “authorized investigation.” Specifically, the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act should be amended to allow victims access to their …
Cgmp Violations Should Not Be Used As A Basis For Fca Actions Absent Fraud, Kyle Faget
Cgmp Violations Should Not Be Used As A Basis For Fca Actions Absent Fraud, Kyle Faget
Seattle University Law Review
Since Congress amended the False Claims Act (FCA) in 1986, the statute has evolved into a seemingly boundless weapon for enforcing other statutes and regulations applicable to every industry that accepts any form of government funding. Use of the FCA by the Department of Justice (DOJ) and by private citizens bringing actions on behalf of the U.S. government to enforce other statutes and regulations is particularly evident in the field of health care. The FCA has been utilized in actions where the allegations include off-label promotion of drugs, kickbacks, and violations of current good manufacturing practices (cGMPs) by linking the …
E-Books, Collusion, And Antitrust Policy: Protecting A Dominant Firm At The Cost Of Innovation, Nicholas Timchalk
E-Books, Collusion, And Antitrust Policy: Protecting A Dominant Firm At The Cost Of Innovation, Nicholas Timchalk
Seattle University Law Review
Amazon’s main rival, Apple, went to great lengths and took major risks to enter the e-book market. Why did Apple simply choose not to compete on the merits of its product and brand equity (the iPad and iBookstore) as it does with its other products? Why did Apple decide not to continue to rely on its earlier success of situating its products differently in the market than other electronics and working hard to be different and cutting-edge with its e-book delivery? This Note argues that the combination of Amazon’s 90% market share, network externalities, and an innovative technology market creates …
Ironic Simplicity: Why Shaken Baby Syndrome Misdiagnoses Should Result In Automatic Reimbursement For The Wrongly Accused, Jay Simmons
Seattle University Law Review
Shaken baby syndrome (SBS)’s shortcomings include the debatable science behind SBS theory and diagnosis—the questioning of which has grown more vociferous—and the arguably biased, discriminatory treatment of the accused. Professor Deborah Tuerkheimer notes that the evolving SBS skepticism and contentious debate has resulted in "chaos" in many SBS adjudications and within the medical and biomechanical fields, with the same SBS proponents and opponents continually crusading for and clashing over their beliefs. The issues surrounding the medical and biomechanical components of SBS diagnoses have been repeatedly examined and discussed, and are not the focus of this Note. This Note recounts those …
A Mild Winter: The Status Of Environmental Preliminary Injunctions, Sarah J. Morath
A Mild Winter: The Status Of Environmental Preliminary Injunctions, Sarah J. Morath
Seattle University Law Review
Since the enactment of environmental legislation in the 1970s, the preliminary injunction standard articulated by the Supreme Court for environmental claims has evolved from general principles to enumerated factors. In Winter v. Natural Resource Defense Council, Inc., the Court’s most recent refinement, the Court endorsed but failed to explain the application of a common four-factor test when it held that the alleged injury to marine mammals was outweighed by the public interest of a well-trained and prepared Navy. While a number of commentators have speculated about Winter’s impact on future environmental preliminary injunctions, this article seeks to more precisely determine …
When The Classroom Is Not In The Schoolhouse: Applying Tinker To Student Speech At Online Schools, Brett T. Macintyre
When The Classroom Is Not In The Schoolhouse: Applying Tinker To Student Speech At Online Schools, Brett T. Macintyre
Seattle University Law Review
Despite the overwhelming increase in students’ Internet use and the growing popularity of online public schools, the United States Supreme Court has never addressed how, or if, schools can discipline students for disruptive online speech without violating the students’ First Amendment rights. What the Supreme Court has addressed is how school administrators can constitutionally discipline students within traditional schools. In a landmark decision, Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District, the Supreme Court announced the now famous principle that students do not “shed their constitutional rights to freedom of speech or expression at the schoolhouse gate.” Still, the Court …
The Admissibility Of Cell Site Location Information In Washington Courts, Ryan W. Dumm
The Admissibility Of Cell Site Location Information In Washington Courts, Ryan W. Dumm
Seattle University Law Review
This Comment principally explores when and how a party can successfully admit cell cite location information into evidence. Beginning with the threshold inquiry of relevance, Part III examines when cell site location information is relevant and in what circumstances the information, though relevant, could be unfairly prejudicial, cumulative, or confusing. Part IV provides the bulk of the analysis, which centers on the substantive foundation necessary to establish the information’s credibility and authenticity. Part V looks at three ancillary issues: hearsay, a criminal defendant’s Sixth Amendment confrontation rights, and the introduction of a summary of voluminous records. Finally, Part VI offers …
Oh, What A Tangled World Wide Web We Weave: An Analysis Of Washington's Computer Spyware Act In A National Context, Laura L. Edwards
Oh, What A Tangled World Wide Web We Weave: An Analysis Of Washington's Computer Spyware Act In A National Context, Laura L. Edwards
Seattle University Law Review
Spyware affects businesses as well as individuals. Spyware can expose a company's confidential information, slow down computers and networks, and destroy data. Employees lose efficiency while waiting for IT staff to fix the various problems caused by spyware, which increases costs. Accordingly, spyware is not just a minor annoyance suffered by individual Internet users; rather, it harms American businesses and the economy as well.
Internet Voting With Initiatives And Referendums: Stumbling Towards Direct Democracy, Rebekah K. Browder
Internet Voting With Initiatives And Referendums: Stumbling Towards Direct Democracy, Rebekah K. Browder
Seattle University Law Review
Imagine that it is Tuesday, November 4, 2008, and you realize that you have not yet voted for the candidate that you want to be President of the United States. The polls close at 7 p.m., and it is already 6:45 p.m. Instead of rushing off to the nearest polling place, you simply go to your computer, log in, fill out a ballot, and email your ballot to your designated polling website. The whole process takes fewer than ten minutes, and you have done your civic duty. Leading proponents of Internet voting point to five possible benefits of electronic voting: …
A Proposed Quick Fix To The Dmca Overprotection Problem That Even A Content Provider Could Love . . . Or At Least Live With, Devon Thurtle
A Proposed Quick Fix To The Dmca Overprotection Problem That Even A Content Provider Could Love . . . Or At Least Live With, Devon Thurtle
Seattle University Law Review
This article explains the evolution of the fair use doctrine, which historically prevented copyright holders from having too much control over their works by allowing certain legal and non-infringing fair uses of protected works. Part II explains how the United States Supreme Court developed the Betamax standard to apply the doctrine of fair use to a new technology: home video recorders. Part II also addresses how fair use and the Betamax standard might apply to digital technologies. Part III explains how the DMCA effectively abolished the defense of fair use and its application under the Betamax standard. Finally, Part IV …
Voice Over Internet Protocol And The Wiretap Act: Is Your Conversation Protected?, Daniel B. Garrie, Matthew J. Armstrong, Donald P. Harris
Voice Over Internet Protocol And The Wiretap Act: Is Your Conversation Protected?, Daniel B. Garrie, Matthew J. Armstrong, Donald P. Harris
Seattle University Law Review
10101101: Is this sequence of digits voice or data? To a computer, voice is a sequence of digits and data is a sequence of digits. The law has defined 10101101 to be data, and 10101001 to be voice communications. Courts have constructed a distinction between data, 10101101, and voice, 10101001. However, that distinction is blurred when voice and data are simultaneously transmitted through the same medium. The courts forbid third parties to tap or monitor voice communications, yet permit data packets to be tracked, stored, and sold by third parties with the implied consent of either party engaged in the …
Sovereign Indignity? Values, Borders And The Internet: A Case Study, Eric B. Easton
Sovereign Indignity? Values, Borders And The Internet: A Case Study, Eric B. Easton
Seattle University Law Review
This Article focuses on the publication ban issued by Justice Kovacs in the Karla Homolka trial and the reaction to it as a case study of the new global communications environment. Part I reconstructs the factual circumstances that provoked the ban, as well as the responses of the media, the legal establishment, and the public. Part II examines the ban itself, the constitutional challenge mounted by the media, and the landmark Dagenais decision. Part III reflects on the meaning of the entire episode for law, journalism, and national sovereignty. The article concludes that the publication ban in this case, by …
The Name Is Not Always The Same, Neal J. Friedman, Kevin Siebert
The Name Is Not Always The Same, Neal J. Friedman, Kevin Siebert
Seattle University Law Review
This Article explores the present Internet addressing system, the history of trademark disputes on the Internet, and proposals for resolving these disputes. Part I provides a brief history of the Internet, discusses its addressing system, and explains the use of domain names as identifiers for companies on the Internet. Part II introduces the current system for registering Internet domain names and the problems associated with its structure. Part III gives a brief background of trademark law and tracks the evolution of disputes that have arisen as a result of the intersection of the Internet and trademark law. Finally, Part IV …
Keynote Colloquy: Finding Justice In The Internet Dimension, Hon. Alex Kozinski
Keynote Colloquy: Finding Justice In The Internet Dimension, Hon. Alex Kozinski
Seattle University Law Review
The Internet community—just like all other speech communities—ought to be afforded First Amendment protections. I don't see any reason why Internet speech should be treated any less favorably than other kinds of speech. But the vastly overblown claim that the communications medium somehow deserves to be put outside normal legal constraints--because it's so global, or because it's so different—is self-defeating. It substitutes generalities and sentiments for real thinking. The kind of analysis we've seen at this conference—the kind of debate we've had here—is very useful, because we're talking about the specifics of what legal constraints should be allowed. Not whether …
Bridging The Analogy Gap: The Internet, The Printing Press And Freedom Of Speech, Jonathan Wallace, Michael Green
Bridging The Analogy Gap: The Internet, The Printing Press And Freedom Of Speech, Jonathan Wallace, Michael Green
Seattle University Law Review
The Supreme Court will bring the highest degree of clarity to the Internet freedom of speech debate if, in ACLU v. Reno, it sets forth the operative metaphor for freedom of speech and applies the metaphor in conjunction with an appropriate analogy for the technology.Part I of this Article discusses judicial decision-making tools with an emphasis on the use of analogy and the importance of applying legal precedents in a manner which is consistent and logical. Part I also discusses the use of metaphor in judicial decisionmaking and illustrates how operative metaphors for free speech have served to provide …
Diogenes Wanders The Superhighway: A Proposal For Authentication Of Publicly Disseminated Documents On The Internet, Kelly Kunsch
Diogenes Wanders The Superhighway: A Proposal For Authentication Of Publicly Disseminated Documents On The Internet, Kelly Kunsch
Seattle University Law Review
On the national level, there are proposals to make the Internet the primary, and even the exclusive, means of disseminating certain government information. Concurrently, corporations and other private organizations may adopt a similar approach for their reports and other documents. Intertwined with these official and quasi-official documents are innumerable others created by individuals around the world. With so many documents, there is potential for dissemination of false, biased, and even fraudulent information. This is the source of the authentication problem.
The Internet And Its Legal Ramifications In Taiwan, George C.C. Chen
The Internet And Its Legal Ramifications In Taiwan, George C.C. Chen
Seattle University Law Review
Part I of this Article briefly introduces the five main legal issues related to Internet use in Taiwan. Part II discusses network-related copyright issues, including the doctrine of fair use, personal and corporate use of the Internet, and one of the first court cases in Taiwan on this issue. Part III discusses issues arising from commercial activity on the Internet, including the validity of on-line contracts, the use of digital signatures for authentication, and the applicability of Taiwan's Broadcasting and Television Law, Cable Television Law, and Fair Trade Law to regulating commercial advertising on the Internet. Part IV discusses the …
Cyberspace Must Exceed Its Grasp, Or What's A Metaphor? Tropes, Trips And Stumbles On The Info Highway, Robert C. Cumbow
Cyberspace Must Exceed Its Grasp, Or What's A Metaphor? Tropes, Trips And Stumbles On The Info Highway, Robert C. Cumbow
Seattle University Law Review
This Essay will focus on three metaphors, and show briefly how the arguments that copyright law is “unworkable” in the Internet context are based on a misreading of these metaphors. The first metaphor is the use of the term “cyberspace” to apply to the Internet; the second is the tendency to describe Internet communication as “going” somewhere. Both of these metaphors mistakenly suggest a space in which enforcement—and, indeed, violation—of any law is impossible. The third metaphor is the “wine and bottles” analogy, set forth by John Perry Barlow in his widely circulated article, “The Economy of Ideas," to show …