Science and Technology Law Commons^™

Reforming Antitrust: Addressing Data Monopolization In Two-Sided Digital Markets, Linyi Li

Brooklyn Journal of Corporate, Financial & Commercial Law

The rise of dominant digital platforms has revealed fundamental shortcomings in U.S. antitrust law. Grounded in the consumer welfare standard and its focus on price effects, current doctrine struggles to regulate markets in which services are offered at zero monetary cost and competitive power is derived from the accumulation and control of user data. In two-sided digital markets, data functions as a central competitive asset, enabling platforms to entrench market power, raise barriers to entry, suppress innovation, and impose non-price harms on consumers. These harms frequently escape antitrust scrutiny because they do not manifest as higher prices or reduced output. …

The Constitution And Financial Freedom: Analyzing First Amendment Claims About Cryptocurrencies, Mithun Imbulamure

Brooklyn Journal of Corporate, Financial & Commercial Law

In recent years, the United States has intensified regulatory oversight of cryptocurrency technologies. In August 2022, the Treasury Department's Office of Foreign Assets Control sanctioned Tornado Cash, a cryptocurrency mixer, leading to the prosecution and conviction of its developers for operating an unlicensed money transmitting business. Congress also amended § 6050I of the Tax Code through the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, extending cash transaction reporting requirements to digital assets. These developments prompted cryptocurrency advocates to assert First Amendment protections for their activities, arguing that compelled disclosure requirements violate associational privacy and that computer code constitutes protected speech. The government …

Law Grapples With Its Achilles’ Heel? Uncertainties, Digital Experiments, And The Ai Frontier, Heng Wang

Brooklyn Journal of Corporate, Financial & Commercial Law

The governance of digitalization—which encompasses developments such as artificial intelligence (AI) and central bank digital currencies (CBDCs)—confronts serious challenges. At the core of these challenges are uncertainties, which form the central obstacle to effective governance. These uncertainties range from cyber risks to shifting societal responses. Law, as an institutionalized framework of governance, faces mounting pressure and wrestles with a fundamental vulnerability: traditional legal frameworks struggle to address uncertainties in digitalization. To tackle the pervasive challenges of uncertainties, this article addresses two connected questions: What uncertainties does law face in governing digitalization shaped by emerging technologies? How can a learning-oriented governance …

Muth's Law: Anticipating Ai Model Collapse, Karl T. Muth

The University of Cincinnati Intellectual Property and Computer Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Generative Ai Training And Fair Use: Can Chatgpt Turn Your Favorite Meme Into A Stupid Ghibli Animation?, Liam Donovan

The University of Cincinnati Intellectual Property and Computer Law Journal

No abstract provided.

A Constitutional Black Box: Critically Assessing The Constitutional And Algorithmic Implications Of The Netchoice Cases, Sam Merkatz

Bates College Undergraduate Law Review

In 2024, the Supreme Court of the United States jointly heard Moody v. NetChoice, LLC and NetChoice, LLC v. Paxton, cases challenging Florida and Texas statutes that restricted the capacity of social media platforms to moderate content. While remanding the cases, the Court reaffirmed that content moderation and curation qualify as protected expression under the First Amendment. This paper critically assesses the Court's majority opinion and its nonbinding dicta regarding the expressive nature of algorithmic moderation.

Specifically, drawing on Justice Alito’s concurrence in judgement only, this paper argues that the Court fails to account for fundamental differences between traditional …

Hype Or Fraud? Ai-Washing And The Limits Of The Term “Misleading” Under Sec’S Section 10(B) And Rule 10b-5, Elizabeth De La Chapelle

DePaul Journal of Art, Technology & Intellectual Property Law

No abstract provided.

Systemic Failure And Synthetic Abuse: Regulating Nonconsensual Deepfakes Under The Take It Down Act, Chisomeme Nwuda

DePaul Journal of Art, Technology & Intellectual Property Law

No abstract provided.

The Shockwave Heard Around The World: Uspto No Longer Allows Petitioners To Use General Knowledge To Fill Gaps In Prior Art During Inter Partes Review, Hannah Lesser

DePaul Journal of Art, Technology & Intellectual Property Law

No abstract provided.

Front Matter

DePaul Journal of Art, Technology & Intellectual Property Law

No abstract provided.

The Perils Of Trademark Co-Ownership And The Need For Co-Ownership Agreements, Cameron Quilling

DePaul Journal of Art, Technology & Intellectual Property Law

No abstract provided.

Les Outils Numériques : Instruments D’Inclusion Ou D’Exclusion Fiscale ?, Karim Daher

Proche-Orient, Études juridiques

Over the past few decades, with the rapid technological advancements, multinational enterprises (MNEs) and notably the internet giants have acquired a global dimension and such power which allowed them free and dominant penetration in developing countries’ markets such as Lebanon. This unrestricted penetration was facilitated by the absence of any specific local or international legal framework as well as smart tailored tax optimization enabling them to compete with local businesses and deprive national economies of significant resources. This situation has contributed at the same time to the development of the parallel or informal economy and led to a proliferation of …

Which Place Governs A Placeless Place: Predicting Jurisdiction In The Metaverse, Morrease Leftwich

University of Miami Business Law Review

Oliver Wendell Holmes’s famous characterization of legal study as “prediction” takes on renewed significance as courts confront novel jurisdictional questions in blockchain cases, particularly as technological innovation accelerates and transforms the digital landscape. Among these developments is the metaverse, which combines blockchain financial technology with early visions of the internet as a distinct realm for social interaction.

Concrete problems already emerging in these immersive environments underscore the stakes: Platform‑engineered anonymity and scale make user‑to‑user harms effectively unpoliceable, what recent work calls the “veil of scale,” frustrating redress even when laws apply. Amid this difficulty in identifying bad actors, scholars have …

Generative Adversarial Discrimination, Josh Fairfield

Washington and Lee Journal of Civil Rights and Social Justice

Anti-discrimination law assumes that discrimination can be detected and rectified, that the evidentiary burden of the plaintiff can in fact be met. But the evolutionary logic of AI training causes it to target vulnerable groups, lie about reasoning, and above all resist detection. Because of hidden core prompts in generative AI systems, and how those prompts interact with the nature of AI training and deployment, AI will often actively hide discrimination rather than surface and address it. Stopping this will be difficult. At present, neither humans or AI can detect this emergent dark-pattern behavior. Without legal intervention, the broad use …

We Robot 2025: Connecting Global Robotics And Ai Governance Experts In Canada, Kristen Thomasen, Suzie Dunn

Canadian Journal of Law and Technology

This special We Robot issue of the Canadian Journal of Law and Technology is particularly ‘‘special” to us for a variety of reasons. It presents an important opportunity to highlight the interdisciplinarity required to meaningfully engage with robotics and artificial intelligence (‘‘AI”) regulation. It highlights the growing international connections among law and technology scholars. And it features many of the cutting-edge papers from one of the world’s premier law and robotics conferences, We Robot.

The thirteenth annual We Robot 2025 conference was held at the University of Windsor in April 2025. This conference marked the first ever in-person gathering of …

The Racialized Treadmill Of Robotic Agriculture: Colonial Legacies, Legal Exceptionalism, And Labour Control, Vasanthi Venkatesh

Canadian Journal of Law and Technology

The title of this paper draws on two historical meanings of the word ‘‘treadmill”. First, it references the economic concept of the ‘‘agricultural technology treadmill”, which describes how technological advances in farming lead to market consolidation, pushing smaller producers out while benefiting agribusiness oligopolies. Second, it invokes the literal treadmill, which was invented in 1818 as a punitive labour technology and a ‘‘rational” tool to discipline racialized and indentured labourers in colonial plantations. By connecting these two threads in agricultural technology — economic domination and racialized labor control — this paper examines how robotics and automation in modern agriculture perpetuate …

To Smile Or Not To Smile? What Policymakers Need To Know About The Interplay Between Expressive Robotics And Public Perception, Adeline Schneider, Waseq Billah, Naomi T. Fitter

Canadian Journal of Law and Technology

The growing presence of autonomous delivery robots (ADRs) in public spaces has introduced new challenges regarding public perception, safety, and policy regulation. While ADRs provide a convenient, contactless delivery solution, there has been little research exploring how their design influences public acceptance and regulatory concerns. This study investigates the impact of expressive robotic features on perceptions of ADRs through a between-subjects online survey comparing two ADR models: the expressive Dax robot and the more widely deployed Starship robot. Participants answered questions about the robots’ expressivity and policy-relevant perceptions surrounding the robot. Findings showed a mix of enhancements from added robot …

Interoperable Ai Regulation, Jennifer Raso

Canadian Journal of Law and Technology

This article explores ‘‘interoperability” as a new goal in AI regulation in Canada and beyond. Drawing on sociotechnical, computer science, and digital government literatures, it traces interoperability’s conceptual genealogy to reveal an underlying politics that prioritizes harmony over discord and consistency over plurality. This politics, the article argues, is in tension with the distinct role of statutory law (as opposed to regulation) in a democratic society. Legislation is not simply a technology through which one achieves the smooth operation of governance. Rather, legislation is better understood as a ‘‘boundary object”: an information system through which members of different communities make …

Generating Personal Data And The Gdpr Conceptualizing, Analyzing, And Recognizing Generated Personal Data, Hideyuki Matsumi

Canadian Journal of Law and Technology

In 2014, to fight the littering problem, an environmental group posted portraits of potential litterbugs on public streets. The group extracted DNA from tossed cigarettes, coffee cups, or condoms, and generated the possible likeness of individuals whose DNA was found from these items in public. Similarly, in 2017, detectives working on a cold case sent DNA found at the crime scene of a homicide and sexual assault victim from 1990 to a company that claims it ‘‘can turn DNA into a face”. Subsequently, detectives published the ‘‘predicted face” in an attempt to solicit tips from the public. In 2020, they …

R-Ai-Sing Questions: Exploring The Ethical And Legal Landscape Of Artificial Intelligence-Generated Media Of Medicalized Children, Kristen Thomasen, Gregorio Zuniga-Villaneuva, Muhammed Mukadam, David Lysecki

Canadian Journal of Law and Technology

When it comes to complex medical care for children, even in a country like Canada with many publicly funded healthcare services, much of the necessary research and holistic support for children and families is financed through private donations. Fundraising campaigns for children’s hospitals and services are common, often featuring movie stars, professional athletes, and many child patients. A range of important charitable activities, providing comfort, services, and necessities such as food and accommodation to children and families, are carried out through fundraising and donations. Fundraising for children’s services is a multibillion-dollar global undertaking. What’s more, it is largely dependent on …

Game Face: Legal Tackle On Facial Recognition And Privacy Rights At Nfl Games, Shanthi E. Senthe

Canadian Journal of Law and Technology

The unprecedented rapid uptake of facial recognition technology (‘‘FRT”) in commercial and public spaces for data capture and surveillance has entrenched every aspect of our daily lives from mundane tasks, such as grocery store shopping to family and experiential moments, such as participation in spectator sports. As such, the rapid adoption and integration of FRT into sports security is reshaping aspects of sporting events and fan experiences, often without adequate consideration of privacy and ethical implications. Professional sports leagues, specifically the NFL, are in the process of adopting the use of this type of technology to enhance security measures, streamlining …

Consensus Ad Artificialis: Contract Theory Meets The Genai Mind, Katie Szilagyi, Marina Pavlovic´

Canadian Journal of Law and Technology

The advent of generative AI (GenAI) has generated shockwaves across industries. Many established professions are grappling with how GenAI’s functionality transforms their daily activities, staying power, and raison d’eˆtre. GenAI’s newfound facility with words and language has rapidly encroached upon the purview of lawyers, whose trade has long been expertise with words. While some worry about lawyers’ place in a GenAI-oriented future economy, others are optimistic about the transformative potential GenAI offers as a tool to the practicing lawyer. Legal service providers have been quick to adopt GenAI tools in the name of efficiency, harnessing its generative power for tasks …

Ai, Antitrust, And The Marketplace Of Ideas, Maurice E. Stucke

Fordham Law Review

No abstract provided.

A Real Account Of Deep Fakes, Benjamin L.W Sobel

Michigan Law Review

Laws regulating pornographic deepfakes are written to prohibit “digital forgeries,” “false” images, or media “indistinguishable” from “authentic” recordings. Yet the typical anti-deepfake law covers materials that aren’t forgeries, aren’t false, and that reasonable observers can easily distinguish from authentic recordings. Though drafted as if they regulate statements of fact, anti-deepfake laws actually target certain outrageous depictions per se—and rightly so, because pornographic deepfakes cause harm irrespective of their truth or falsity. However, the inapposite language of facts results in statutes with crucial ambiguities. Moreover, because anti-deepfake laws ban outrageous depictions irrespective of the factual assertions they make, they differ fundamentally …

From Family Content Creation To Child Exploitation: How Social Media Unmasks The Shortcomings Of Digital Legislation, Jaide Dixon

Undergraduate Honors Theses

This thesis focuses on the emerging issue of child exploitation through the use of generative-AI technologies within the context of the civil and criminal intricacies regarding the exploitation of child influencers within the family content creation industry on social media. Although great strides have been made in state digital legislation, the need for updated federal legislation pertaining to abuse of technological advancements, such as generative-AI, becomes more apparent when identifying the shortcomings and legal loopholes within digital legislation. This research will conduct a comparative textual analysis between the "child influencer laws” of Illinois, California, Utah, and Minnesota—across the civil and …

Online Safety (Relief And Accountability) Bill: Further Experiments In Balancing Rights And Responsibilities, Siyuan Chen, Zavier Yu Wu, Jie Ting Lee

Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law

Singapore’s latest legislation to address online harms, the Online Safety (Relief and Accountability) Bill, was passed in Parliament in November 2025. The legislation, which takes a complainant-centric approach, provides the Commissioner of Online Safety a broad range of powers so that timely redress can be given for reports of online harms such as image abuse, sexual harassment, doxxing, and stalking. Various torts that impose duties on administrators and platforms have also been created. Legislation of this nature invariably raises issues about whether an appropriate balance between freedom and responsibility has been struck. This Legislative Comment analyses some of the more …

Friend Or Foe? Generative Ai And Legal Writing, Peter Nemerovski

Maine Law Review

Much has been made in recent years of the capabilities of generative artificial intelligence ("Generative AI") programs in performing law-related tasks. We have learned, for example, that OpenAI's product, GPT-4, is capable of passing the Uniform Bar Exam with flying colors. ChatGPT also earned passing grades on the final exams in four different law school courses. Another study found that "AI assistance consistently induced large declines in the amount of time taken to complete tasks" like drafting complaints, contracts, and employee handbook sections. These and other success stories have led commentators to predict that Generative AI programs "will revolutionize what …

Kodak To Deepfakes: Publicity Rights And Abuse Of Our Likenesses, Michael Goodyear

Other Publications

No abstract provided.

Human Problems: It’S Not Always The Technology’S Fault, Kevin Frazier, Brian L. Frye, Michael Goodyear, Jess Miers

Other Publications

No abstract provided.

Transformative Technology Or Blatant Theft: Reassessing Fair Use In The Era Of Generative Ai, Tsai-Lin Hsieh, Tsai-Fang Chen

Cardozo Law Review

The rapid proliferation of generative artificial intelligence (“AI”) applications in recent years has sparked a global “AI frenzy.” Yet, the rise of new AI technologies has also raised concerns about copyright infringement, particularly regarding whether generative AI developers should be held liable for using copyrighted works as training inputs and generating outputs that compete with original works. In response, AI developers have invoked a long line of technological fair use precedents to defend against any potential copyright infringement claims. The purpose of this Article is to offer insights into whether generative AI is a transformative technology that deserves fair use …