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Articles 121 - 139 of 139
Full-Text Articles in Religion Law
Property Rights In Church Pews
Property Rights In Church Pews
Michigan Law Review
A recent Pennsylvania decision, Zernosky v. Kluchinsky (Pa. 1923) 122 Atl. 262, lays down the rule that where the trustees of a church rent a pew to a parishioner without the consent of the priest in charge, when such consent is required by the ecclesiastical law, the transaction is of no effect and the ecclesiastical law will be followed by the court. This is the general rule as applied to conditions attached to the renting of pews, Atty. Gen. v. Meetinghouse, 3 Gray (Mass.) 1; French v. The Old South Society, 100 Mass. 479, but the interesting point …
Religious Liberty In The American Law, Carl Zollman
Religious Liberty In The American Law, Carl Zollman
Michigan Law Review
It remains to examine the application of this principle* to particu- 1 lar offenses. Statutes have been passed against blasphemy and offenders have been prosecuted under them. This, as said in a Massachusetts case, has not been done "to prevent or restrain the formation of any opinions or the profession of any religious sentiments whatever but to restrain and punish acts which have a tendency to disturb the public peace.185 To prohibit the open, public, and explicit denial of the-popular religion of a country is a necessary measure to preserve the tranquility of a government. Of this no person in …
Religious Liberty In The American Law, Carl Zollman
Religious Liberty In The American Law, Carl Zollman
Michigan Law Review
When the convention which framed the federal constitution assembled in Philadelphia in 1787 religious tests as a qualification for office were actually a part of the constitutions of most of the thirteen original states.' While Massachusetts2 and%,Maryland3 required from certain state officers only a declaration of a belief in the Christian religion, the fundamental law of Georgia, New Hampshire, New Jersey and North Carolina4 limited such belief to the Protestant religion and was designed to require a positive and affirmative test and not merely the negative qualification of not being a Roman Catholic.0 The Delaware, North Carolina and Pennsylvania constitutions7 …
Law Of Blasphemy, Robert Warden Lee
Law Of Blasphemy, Robert Warden Lee
Michigan Law Review
Is Christianity part of the Law of England? It would seem that if it ever was so, it is so no longer. Such at least is the conclusion which Austin's "simple-minded layman" will undoubtedly draw from the recent decision of the House of Lords in Bowman v. The Secular Society, Limited, [1917] A. C. 4o6. The lawyer who recognizes that such phrases as the above can have little or no value in legal science will be more concerned to note the unanimous determination of the final court of appeal in Great Britain in favor of the view of the law …
Tax Exemptions Of American Church Property, Carl Zollmann
Tax Exemptions Of American Church Property, Carl Zollmann
Michigan Law Review
The exemption from taxation of public property in the various states of the Union rests on reason and presents no difficulty. If a state were to tax its own property or the property of the counties, cities, towns and villages created by it, the burden of the ultimate taxpayer would not be lightened in the least. Since such property is not only acquired but also maintained at public expense the money necessary for this purpose must in any case be ultimately paid by the owners of private property. An attempt to tax public property would only make the bookkeeping of …
Church Cemeteries In The American Law, Carl Zollmann
Church Cemeteries In The American Law, Carl Zollmann
Michigan Law Review
One of the most usual sights in any rural community in the United States is a church edifice with a cemetery in the immediate neighborhood. This condition of affairs, where a church society antedates the municipal corporation within whose limits it exists, can even occasionally be found in populous cities. Such cases, however, are fast disappearing. The demands of commerce and the doctrines of modern sanitation are too strong to be resisted. When a cemetery situated in the heart of a city is not abandoned on account of the monetary inducements held out by commercial interests, the law-making power of …
Nature Of American Religious Corporations, Carl Zollman
Nature Of American Religious Corporations, Carl Zollman
Michigan Law Review
From the earliest period of our history it has been recognized that corporate existence and capacity is desirable if not indispensable in order to carry on the affairs of the various church societies in the most efficient manner. Accordingly various forms of religious corporations have been developed. Of these the earliest, namely the territorial parish and the corporation sole, grew out of the then existing union of church and state. They were public municipal corporations and passed away with the system which had given them birth. Their place was taken by other church corporations of which there are three principal …
Powers Of American Religious Corporations, Carl Zollmann
Powers Of American Religious Corporations, Carl Zollmann
Michigan Law Review
Religious corporations in the United States have assumed various shapes. The original two forms, (corporation sole and territorial parish) being unsuited to our conditions, have completely passed away. In their stead have grown up four other classes, the aggregate corporation, the trustee corporation, the modern form of the corporation sole, and the Roman Catholic Church in our insular possessions. These four kinds of corporations, however diverse they may be in their history and otherwise, have a number of important qualities in common. None of them are ecclesiastical corporations in the European sense of the word. All of them owe their …
Classes Of American Religious Corporations, Carl Zollmann
Classes Of American Religious Corporations, Carl Zollmann
Michigan Law Review
The right of churches to incorporate has been universally conceded in the United States, except in Virginia and West Virginia, under whose constitutions the legislature is forbidden to grant any "charter of incorporation" to "any church or 'religious denomination."' Nor is such concession a recent one. Churches have exercised corporate rights from. the earliest period of the American law. The forms under which this has been done, however, have been quite dissimilar. Five distinct classes of corporations are discernible, the first of which is entirely extinct, the second survives only in an altered form, the third is limited in area, …
The Law In The United States In Its Relation To Religion, Edwin C. Goddard
The Law In The United States In Its Relation To Religion, Edwin C. Goddard
Michigan Law Review
Man is a religious being. To him, everywhere and always, religion and religious institutions have been and, will be of prime concern. He is also a social being. As such he has always found it necessary to live in an organized society, under some form of government. Man never has lived to himself alone. Government is not an invention, a necessary evil, to which men submit. On the contrary, from the most primitive beginnings it has been man's natural though imperfect instrument for controlling and developing the social estate so essential to his very existence. And universally this government has …
The Mosaic Law, Clarence A. Lightner
The Mosaic Law, Clarence A. Lightner
Michigan Law Review
In recent years much has been learned of the civilization, which developed in early times in Mesopotamia. In Babylon, laws appropriate to a vast and wealthy agricultural nation, which was engaged, also, largely in commerce, had been developed many centuries before the authentic history of other peoples begins. This civilization was Semitic. A great light, where formerly but dim reflections had been seen, was thrown upon this jurisprudence by the discovery, in 1901, of the codification of the laws of Babylonia, which was promulgated by King Hammurabi about 2350 B. C. Migration from Babylonia occurred from time to time, and …
Recent Important Decisions, Michigan Law Review
Recent Important Decisions, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
Attorney and Client--Authority of Attorney--Compromise; Attorney and Client--Disbarment--Reasonable Doubt; Bankruptcy--Corporations Subject to Involuntary Bankruptcy--Amendment of 1910; Bankruptcy--Following Trust Funds into Hands of Trustee in Bankruptcy; Bills and Notes--Notice by Mail--Proof of Mailing; Bills and Notes--Right of Drawee of Forged Check or Draft to Recover Money Paid Thereon; Boundaries--Line Between Riparian Owners; Boundaries--Monuments Give Way to Courses and Distances; Carriers--Limitation of Amount of Recovery in Case of loss of Baggage; Charities--Testamentary Trusts--Gift for Masses; Constitutional Law--Religious Liberty--Religious Exercises in Schools--Bible; Contracts--In Restraint of Trade--When Valid; Courts--Doctrine of Stare Decisis; Evidence--Admissibility of Confessions; Evidence--Admissibility of Market Quotations; Executors and Administrators--Denial of Application …
Recent Important Decisions, Michigan Law Review
Recent Important Decisions, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
Bankruptcy--Corporation "Engaged Principally in Manufacturing"; Bankruptcy--Invalidity of Liens for Want of Record; Bills and Notes--Effect of Agreement to Pay Attorney's Fees on Negotiability; Boundaries--Street--Riparian Rights; Carriers--Negligent Delay of Passenger--Liability; Constitutional Law--Due Process of Law--Banking--Guaranty Fund; Constitutional Law--Vested rights--rights in Navigable and Non-Navigable Waters; Contracts--Performance of Building Contract; Corporations--Capital Stock--Trust Fund--Right of Bank to Purchase its own Stock; Corporations--Ownership of Stock--Unlawful Pledge--Rights of Pledgee; Damage--Breach of Covenant Against Incumbrances--Though Incumbrance Removed Nominal Damages Recoverable; Divorce--Grounds--Extreme Cruelty--Malicious Charges; Dower--Right to Dower--Divorce--Interlocutory Decree; Evidence--difference Between Burden of Proof and burden of Evidence; Evidence--Proof of Death--Privileged Communications Between Husband and Wife; Homestead--Fraudulent Conveyance--Right of …
Note And Comment, Paul S. Dubuar, Arthur Clarke, J. Fred Bingham, Dan B. Symons, Lloyd T. Crane
Note And Comment, Paul S. Dubuar, Arthur Clarke, J. Fred Bingham, Dan B. Symons, Lloyd T. Crane
Michigan Law Review
Effect of Taking Possession of Mortgaged Property Under a Chattel Mortgage as Against a Junior Mortgagee; The Effect of the Reunion of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church With the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America Upon the Property of the Former; The Exclusive Use of Part of Railroad Station Grounds by Hackmen; Conflict of Jurisdiction in Bankruptcy Cases Between Federal and State Courts; Right of the Legislature to Amend Corporate Charters Under the Reserved Power; Can A Purchaser From a Tenant Acquire Title by Adverse Possession?; Can a Mortgagor After the Execution of the Mortgage Create an Easement in …
Note And Comment, Joseph H. Drake, Edson R. Sunderland, Edson R. Sunderland, Reuben H. Hunt, L. L. D.
Note And Comment, Joseph H. Drake, Edson R. Sunderland, Edson R. Sunderland, Reuben H. Hunt, L. L. D.
Michigan Law Review
The Federal Courts and Local Law in Porto Rico; The Investigation of Corporate Monopolies; Compelling the Production of Corporation Books and Papers; Goods Damages by Act of God Because of a Carrier's Negligent Delay; The Effect of Dogmatic Changes Upon the Legal Status of a Church; Bays and Gulfs as Territory of the Adjoining Nation;
Christian Science And Religious Liberty, Edward W. Dickey
Christian Science And Religious Liberty, Edward W. Dickey
Michigan Law Review
Prominent among the expressions of religious thought in this country in recent years is that of Christian Science. Its teaching in regard to the healing of disease without any material agencies has called forth many comments on the question of religious liberty. As it has attracted to it a large and ever increasing number of intelligent and law-abiding citizens, all over the country, and as there have been several efforts to partially or totally restrict its practice as a means of healing, by proscriptive legislation, we deem it proper to set forth, in a general way, some of the questions, …
Marriage And Divorce In State And Church, Benjamin Brewster
Marriage And Divorce In State And Church, Benjamin Brewster
Michigan Law Review
When, in 1831, the French philosopher De Tocqueville visited America, he was impressed with the stability of the marriage relation. In his great work, "Democracy in America," he thus sums up the results of his observations: "There is certainly no country in the world where the tie of marriage is so much respected as in America, or where conjugal happiness is more highly or worthily appreciated." And this acute and discerning reasoner makes a further reflection, from his stand-point as one interested in the maintenance of order and stability in the state: "Agitated by the tumultuous passions which frequently disturb …
Ecclsiastical Jurisdiction In England, Edwin Maxley
Ecclsiastical Jurisdiction In England, Edwin Maxley
Michigan Law Review
Previous to the invasion of William the Conqueror the ecclesiastical jurisdiction in England was not at all clearly defined. Under the protection, and, as protection implies jurisdiction, under the jurisdiction of the bishops were the following: sacred persons and sacred things. Among the former were included men in orders, monks and nuns; and among the latter: churches and church-yards, books and furniture of churches, sacraments, ecclesiastical and marital rituals. So far as can be found, there were not at that time any separate ecclesiastical courts. The bishops, with the assistance of archdeacons and deans, exercised their ecclesiastical jurisdiction through the …
Note And Comment, Michigan Law Review
Note And Comment, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
The Federal Safety Appliance Act as a Regulation of Interstate Commerce; Liability of Christian Science Healer for Negligence and Deceit; Iowa and the Rule in Shelley's Case; Are Conditions Imposed by the Vendor of Chattels Binding on Subsequent Purchasers? Necessity for the Personal Presence of the Accused Upon Arraignment; Unconstitutional Aids to Local Industries; Damages for Mental Suffering Unaccompanied by Physical Injury