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University of Michigan Law School

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Articles 481 - 510 of 944

Full-Text Articles in Property Law and Real Estate

Insurance - Right Of Insurer To Be Subrogated To Claim Of Insured Against A Third Person Where It Has Paid A Claim On Which It Was Not Liable, Michigan Law Review Jun 1942

Insurance - Right Of Insurer To Be Subrogated To Claim Of Insured Against A Third Person Where It Has Paid A Claim On Which It Was Not Liable, Michigan Law Review

Michigan Law Review

Plaintiff paid insured for damage done to his building because of the defendant's negligence, and received a subrogation receipt from the insured. Plaintiff now sues for damages in its own name and for its own benefit. The policy provided that it should be void if the insured did not have sole and unconditional ownership of the property. Title to the damaged property was in the name of the insured's wife, and therefore the policy was void. Held, since the insurer was not obligated under the policy, it was a mere volunteer, and could not be subrogated to the insured's …

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Landlord And Tenant - Anticipatory Or Partial Breach By Lessee, Michigan Law Review Jun 1942

Landlord And Tenant - Anticipatory Or Partial Breach By Lessee, Michigan Law Review

Michigan Law Review

Plaintiff was lessor and defendant was lessee under a ninety-nine year lease. After thirty-one years had expired under the lease, defendant gave notice of his intention to quit at the end of the current quarter. Plaintiff informed defendant that he would not accept a surrender, but before the end of the quarter defendant abandoned the premises. When defendant refused to pay rent for the next quarter as it became due, plaintiff sued for the difference between the rent reserved for a thirty-year period and the fair rental value for such a period. Held, the repudiation constituted a total breach …

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Constitutional Law - Due Process - Notice And Hearing - Validity Of Statute Authorizing Seizure Of Property Illegally In Possession Of Pawnbroker, Wilbur Jacobs May 1942

Constitutional Law - Due Process - Notice And Hearing - Validity Of Statute Authorizing Seizure Of Property Illegally In Possession Of Pawnbroker, Wilbur Jacobs

Michigan Law Review

Complainant, believing his property to be illegally in the possession of defendant pawnbroker, obtained a search warrant, authorized by statute to be issued, on complaint under oath, by any magistrate who is satisfied that there is reasonable cause for complainant's belief. Although the statute required the property to be seized and delivered to complainant on his posting a bond for double the value of the property, the property was not in fact seized. However, actual notice to appear and be heard on a certain date was given to the defendant, even though such notice was not expressly required by the …

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Injunctions - Extent To Which Equity Will Protect A Business On The Theory That It Is A Property Right, Michigan Law Review Apr 1942

Injunctions - Extent To Which Equity Will Protect A Business On The Theory That It Is A Property Right, Michigan Law Review

Michigan Law Review

Plaintiff, a corporation engaged in publishing a newspaper, in order to increase circulation conducted a puzzle contest, offering substantial prizes. Defendant, engaged in preparing and selling answers to various prize contests, sold answers to contestants in plaintiff's contests. Plaintiff sought to enjoin such activity. Held, that the right to conduct a lawful business is a property right which may be protected from unlawful interference. Even if, as mere offerees, the contestants are not bound to plaintiff by contract, defendant's acts amount to an inducement to tender spurious performance and may therefore be enjoined as improper and unlawful interference with …

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Municipal Corporations - Waters And Watercourses - Eminent Domain - Pollution Of Water As A "Taking" Of Private Property, Brooks F. Crabtree Mar 1942

Municipal Corporations - Waters And Watercourses - Eminent Domain - Pollution Of Water As A "Taking" Of Private Property, Brooks F. Crabtree

Michigan Law Review

Plaintiff sued defendant city for damages caused his land by the continual discharge of raw sewage into the river about one-half mile above plaintiff's land. The pollution rendered the water of the river unfit for domestic use and deleterious to health. Held, that although the plaintiff failed to allege the necessary elements for a tort action against a municipality, under the Washington statute, he stated a valid cause of action for damages under article I, section 16 of the Washington Constitution which states that "No private property shall be taken or damaged for public or private use without just …

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Oil And Gas - Interpretation Of Lease Containing Royalty Provisions, Brooks F. Crabtree Mar 1942

Oil And Gas - Interpretation Of Lease Containing Royalty Provisions, Brooks F. Crabtree

Michigan Law Review

Several of the plaintiffs owned oil-producing land in Oklahoma and had leased it to one Briggs. The lease ran for a fixed term and "so long thereafter as oil or gas may be produced therefrom by the lessee." It provided for a royalty payment to the lessor of one-eighth of the oil or gas produced, and gave the lessee the right "at any time" to remove all machinery and equipment placed on the premises, including the right to draw and remove the casing. Briggs sold the equipment thereon to defendant and later sold the lease itself to one of the …

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Municipal Corporations - Zoning Ordinances - Aesthetic Considerations Under The Police Power, Charles J. O' Laughlin Feb 1942

Municipal Corporations - Zoning Ordinances - Aesthetic Considerations Under The Police Power, Charles J. O' Laughlin

Michigan Law Review

Plaintiff brought suit to enjoin the enforcement of the zoning laws of the city of Miami Beach. His property was in a zone reserved for apartment hotels and first-class family residences, but adjacent to an area in which business structures were allowed. Plaintiff sought to erect structures of a business character on his property, despite the zoning law. Held, the zoning law is sustained, for plaintiff's property rights must yield to the interest of the community in maintaining the attractiveness of this resort area. City of Miami Beach v. Ocean & Inland Co., (Fla. 1941) 3 So. (2d) …

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Execution - Misdirection Of Process - Validity Of Amendment, Michigan Law Review Jan 1942

Execution - Misdirection Of Process - Validity Of Amendment, Michigan Law Review

Michigan Law Review

A statute provided that where the writ of execution requires the delivery of real or personal property, it "must" be issued to the sheriff of the county where the property is situated. The judgment debtor had some money deposited with the defendant bank in Y county on which plaintiff sought execution. The writ was directed to the sheriff of X county but was delivered to the sheriff of Y county. The writ was served on the defendant bank and the vice president of the bank made a return stating that the bank had no property in its possession, nor under …

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Taxation - Gift Tax - Transfer In Pursuance Of An Antenuptial Agreement As A Taxable Gift, Michigan Law Review Jan 1942

Taxation - Gift Tax - Transfer In Pursuance Of An Antenuptial Agreement As A Taxable Gift, Michigan Law Review

Michigan Law Review

Plaintiff entered into an antenuptial agreement with his intended wife whereby she waived all rights which she might acquire by virtue of the marriage in certain stock which he owned. In consideration therefor, he transferred to her two annuities and an interest as tenant by the entirety in two parcels of real estate. Plaintiff contended that such transfers did not constitute taxable gifts, and the Board of Tax Appeals decided in his favor. Held, that the transfers were taxable gifts, for a waiver of marriage rights in the property of plaintiff pursuant to an antenuptial agreement did not constitute …

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Damages - Effect Of Defendant's Tender Of Specific Restitution Upon Plaintiff's Action To Recover The Value Of Property, William H. Kinsey Jan 1942

Damages - Effect Of Defendant's Tender Of Specific Restitution Upon Plaintiff's Action To Recover The Value Of Property, William H. Kinsey

Michigan Law Review

A person who has appropriated the land or chattels of another may prefer to return the subject matter rather than be held liable for its money equivalent in a law suit brought by the rightful owner. Whether the appropriator will improve his position by tendering specific restitution presents an interesting question. Because of the numerous remedies at the owner's disposal, it is impossible to formulate a single, concise answer.

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Joint Obligations- Effect Of Release Or Covenant Not To Sue, Michigan Law Review Jan 1942

Joint Obligations- Effect Of Release Or Covenant Not To Sue, Michigan Law Review

Michigan Law Review

Defendants mortgaged their farm to plaintiff and later conveyed to one Ahart, who assumed the mortgage indebtedness. In a written extension agreement between all three parties it was provided that the defendants and Ahart should be jointly and severally liable for the debt. After foreclosure proceedings were started, Ahart and the plaintiff entered into a written contract by which the plaintiff agreed to release Ahart from all personal liability on the mortgage indebtedness in consideration of a deed to the farm. Thereafter the plaintiff sought a deficiency judgment against the defendants. Held, the defendants were not discharged from their …

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Executors And Administrators - Rights Of Creditors Of Legatee Or Distributee During Administration Of Decedent's Estate, Herbert R. Whiting Dec 1941

Executors And Administrators - Rights Of Creditors Of Legatee Or Distributee During Administration Of Decedent's Estate, Herbert R. Whiting

Michigan Law Review

In order to present a clear picture of the problem involved herein two assumptions must be made before proceeding further: (a) that it is desirable to subject to the claims of his creditors the interest of a legatee or distributee, providing certain procedural and administrative difficulties, subsequently to be considered, can be overcome; (b) that there is no realty in the decedent's estate.

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Dower - Premarital Conveyance As Fraud On Dower, Michigan Law Review Dec 1941

Dower - Premarital Conveyance As Fraud On Dower, Michigan Law Review

Michigan Law Review

Decedent, seven days before his marriage to plaintiff, conveyed all his property to his nephew, the defendant. Plaintiff was not informed of the transfer until some time after the marriage. The property was worth $22,000, and decedent, who was at that time sixty-two years of age, was allowed to retain a life estate therein. Cancellation of a note for $2,904 owing from decedent to defendant served as consideration for the transfer. Held, the transfer was a fraud on dower since it was made without the knowledge of the intended wife for the purpose of defeating the interest which she …

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Landlord And Tenant - Covenant By Landlord To Repair - Liability Ex Contractu For Personal Injuries Of The Tenant's Wife, Reid J. Hatfield Dec 1941

Landlord And Tenant - Covenant By Landlord To Repair - Liability Ex Contractu For Personal Injuries Of The Tenant's Wife, Reid J. Hatfield

Michigan Law Review

One of the terms under which certain premises were leased to plaintiff's husband was a covenant by the defendant lessor to keep the premises in repair. Defendant neglected to repair two of the porch steps, although often requested by plaintiff to do so, and because of their defective condition plaintiff fell and was hurt. She brought suit on two counts; in tort for negligence, and on the contract for its breach. Held, an action in tort would not lie, and, although this was a proper case for an action ex contractu, recovery was denied because the consequences were avoidable …

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Mortgages - Recording - Effect Of A Mortgage Recorded In The Book Of Deeds, Paul M. Oberndorf Dec 1941

Mortgages - Recording - Effect Of A Mortgage Recorded In The Book Of Deeds, Paul M. Oberndorf

Michigan Law Review

An interest in certain land was mortgaged by the owners to the plaintiff in October, 1933. This same interest was subjected to a lien of certain judgment creditors recovered against the owners in July, 1936. The defendant, as assignee of the claim of the judgment creditors, claimed priority over the mortgagee by reason of the fact that the mortgage was delivered to the register for the purpose of being recorded as a deed and was in fact so recorded. The judgment creditors disclaimed all notice of this prior mortgage. The statutes of New Jersey provide that mortgages should be registered …

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Taxation - Optional Valuation Date Under Federal Estate Tax - Inclusion Of Income Received During Year After Decedents Death In The Valuation Of The Gross Estate, Jay W. Sorge Dec 1941

Taxation - Optional Valuation Date Under Federal Estate Tax - Inclusion Of Income Received During Year After Decedents Death In The Valuation Of The Gross Estate, Jay W. Sorge

Michigan Law Review

The executors of three different estates elected the optional valuation date provided in the federal estate tax and were compelled, because of a Treasury regulation, to include rents, interest, and regular dividend payments received during the year after the decedent's death in their valuation of the gross estate. In actions to recover overpayment of the tax, the regulation was upheld by the lower federal courts, and the cases were brought to the Supreme Court by certiorari. Held, regular dividend, interest, and rent payments received by the estate between the decedent's death and the optional valuation date one year later, …

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Torts - Licensees - Revocability Of License Granted By Theatre Ticket, Harry M. Nayer Dec 1941

Torts - Licensees - Revocability Of License Granted By Theatre Ticket, Harry M. Nayer

Michigan Law Review

Plaintiff was forcibly ejected from defendant's theatre by defendant's employees and brought this action for damages for assault and battery. Defendant offered testimony attempting to justify the ejection on the ground that plaintiff was creating a disturbance. The trial judge instructed the jury that the question of plaintiff's conduct was immaterial and that a theatre owner could eject a patron at any time with or without cause. Held, that the instruction was erroneous. Despite the revocable character of the license granted by a theatre ticket a theatre owner does not have the right to eject a patron without cause. …

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Principal And Surety - Effect Of Release Of Principal Debtor With Reservation Of Rights Against Surety, Raymond H. Rapaport Dec 1941

Principal And Surety - Effect Of Release Of Principal Debtor With Reservation Of Rights Against Surety, Raymond H. Rapaport

Michigan Law Review

Plaintiff leased property to defendant, who in turn assigned his rights under the lease to one Garber, the latter assuming the covenants to pay rent and against commission of waste. Plaintiff did not release defendant from the lease. After the expiration of the lease plaintiff recovered judgment for $2,844.75 against defendant, for breaches of the covenants, and then recovered a similar judgment against Garber. Subsequently Garber paid the plaintiff $2,000, and plaintiff gave him a receipt acknowledging "full satisfaction of the judgment rendered against me in the within action. The receipt of said sum is not a release of any …

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Torts - Effect Of Attractive Nuisance Doctrine On Municipal Liability To Children On The Streets, Donald H. Treadwell Dec 1941

Torts - Effect Of Attractive Nuisance Doctrine On Municipal Liability To Children On The Streets, Donald H. Treadwell

Michigan Law Review

Plaintiff, an eight year old girl, stopped on the way home with a playmate to play around a newspaper stand located on the edge of the sidewalk. The stand was maintained by a vendor who was licensed by the city. While the plaintiff was standing beside the stand, her playmate swung from the top, causing it to topple over on the plaintiff and gash her forehead. Despite medical care infection set in and a disfiguring scar resulted. There was evidence that the stand had fallen over previously for various reasons. Held, that the defendant city was negligent in not …

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Damages - Expenses Of Litigation - Counsel Fees In A Previous Suit, Gerald M. Lively Nov 1941

Damages - Expenses Of Litigation - Counsel Fees In A Previous Suit, Gerald M. Lively

Michigan Law Review

Plaintiffs brought this appeal from a judgment dismissing an action to recover the attorney's fees and other expenses of the prosecution of a prior suit with defendant. In the former action plaintiffs had secured a decree requiring defendant to convey to them certain property which the defendant had withheld fraudulently and maliciously. In the present action defendant successfully had moved to dismiss on the grounds that attorney's fees as between original litigants were not recoverable and further that this claim was res judicata due to the prior suit. Held, one justice dissenting as defendant's intentional and wilful misconduct necessitated …

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Executors And Administrators - Liability Of Original Lessee's Estate On Assigned Long - Term Lease, Charles G. Schwartz Nov 1941

Executors And Administrators - Liability Of Original Lessee's Estate On Assigned Long - Term Lease, Charles G. Schwartz

Michigan Law Review

Defendant's testator had entered into a ninety-nine year lease with the plaintiff lessor, and shortly afterward, with the consent of the plaintiff, had assigned the lease to a corporation. The lease was renewable forever. Fourteen years later the original lessee died testate, leaving an estate of approximately $1,000,000. The lessor now seeks to have the court impound nearly all of the estate as security for future rent payments. At the time of suit there had been no default in rent installments. Held, plaintiff has no present cause of action. In the absence of any default in rent, mere privity …

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Limitation Of Actions - Landlord And Tenant - Installment Rent Payments, Reid J. Hatfield Nov 1941

Limitation Of Actions - Landlord And Tenant - Installment Rent Payments, Reid J. Hatfield

Michigan Law Review

Defendant rented a farm from plaintiff under a written lease for five years and then held over under the same terms by an oral agreement. Plaintiff brought an action for arrearages in rent payments, claiming that the four-year statute of limitations on open book accounts was applicable, but defendant alleged that the two-year statute on oral contracts barred the action. Held, the two-year statute was applicable and barred the action. When rent is payable in specified monthly sums, the statute runs from the respective date when each installment falls due. Tillson v. Peters, 41 Cal. App. (2d) 671, …

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Mortgages - Subrogation Of A Volunteer, Herbert R. Whiting Nov 1941

Mortgages - Subrogation Of A Volunteer, Herbert R. Whiting

Michigan Law Review

After the marriage of the plaintiff to Victor Scheutz the latter's mother conveyed certain property to Victor and his sister, Viola, subject to an outstanding mortgage which the grantees assumed. Immediately after the completion of this transaction Victor and Viola, with plaintiff joining to release her dower, executed deeds of reconveyance to their mother. Thereafter Victor, Viola, and their mother, and plaintiff used the premises as a summer cottage until 1939, when plaintiff was granted a divorce. In 1932 upon request by the mortgagee for part payment of the mortgage debt plaintiff paid it in full. In this action, instituted …

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Bankruptcy- Municipal Reorganization - Fairness Of Plan, Kenneth J. Nordstrom Jun 1941

Bankruptcy- Municipal Reorganization - Fairness Of Plan, Kenneth J. Nordstrom

Michigan Law Review

A local government district, finding itself hopelessly in debt, filed a petition for relief under Chapter IX of the Bankruptcy Act as amended. The municipal debt composition plan provided that bondholders would receive eight cents on the dollar. The evidence showed that a considerable quantity of bonds were bought by local landowners at much more than eight cents on the dollar, evidently for the purpose of being used in getting the approval of some such plan as proposed, in the expectation of an increase in value of their lands by improvements to be made by the debtor through a loan …

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Exemptions - Loss Of Homestead Exemption, Felicia I. Hmiel May 1941

Exemptions - Loss Of Homestead Exemption, Felicia I. Hmiel

Michigan Law Review

Due to inability to make a living, the defendant and his family left their homestead in 1932 with the intention of re-occupying it as soon as they secured enough money to buy the necessary equipment to maintain themselves on the farm. In October, 1937, a judgment was recovered by plaintiff against defendant, execution was issued and levy made on the still vacant homestead, and a date of sale set for June, 1939. Defendant claimed homestead exemption. Held, that since it did not appear when, if ever, defendant would return to the homestead, the removal and seven years' absence was …

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Federal Power Act - Jurisdiction And Functions Of The Federal Power Commission - Constitutional Limitations, Robert P. Kneeland, Stark Ritchie Apr 1941

Federal Power Act - Jurisdiction And Functions Of The Federal Power Commission - Constitutional Limitations, Robert P. Kneeland, Stark Ritchie

Michigan Law Review

Before December 16, 1940, John Smith could look complacently on the muddy creek flowing through his pasture, secure in the knowledge that the right to use the waters in that stream was his, free from any outside interference, so long as he had due regard for the rights of his neighbors. Now, however, John Smith would do well to examine the myriad regulations and provisions of the federal statutes before damming that creek to store up water for his cows during the dry season. It is entirely possible that his muddy creek would now be considered a "navigable" stream in …

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Constitutional Law - Federal Power To Dispose Of Property - Use Of Imposed Conditions To Induce State Conformity To Congressional Policy, Michigan Law Review Apr 1941

Constitutional Law - Federal Power To Dispose Of Property - Use Of Imposed Conditions To Induce State Conformity To Congressional Policy, Michigan Law Review

Michigan Law Review

A federal grant of public land to the city of San Francisco, on condition that the land be used for municipal production and distribution- of water and electricity, contained an express prohibition against the sale of electric energy to any private company for resale. The United States sought to enjoin the city from carrying out a contract with a private corporation whereby the latter distributed the electricity to consumers at rates set by the state railroad commission. The federal circuit court of appeals declared the relationship between the city and corporation was that of agency, rather than vendor and vendee. …

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Principal And Surety - Discharge Of Surety For A Lessee By Assignment Of The Lease, H. Martin Peckover Apr 1941

Principal And Surety - Discharge Of Surety For A Lessee By Assignment Of The Lease, H. Martin Peckover

Michigan Law Review

Lands set aside by statute as common property of the Chickasaw and Choctaw Indian tribes were, pursuant to an act of Congress, leased to one Gunther by mining trustees of the tribes. The lease contained covenants to pay "stipulated annual advance royalties," and also provided that no assignment should be made without the consent of the trustees "subject to the approval of the Secretary of the Interior." Defendant surety company executed a bond for the faithful performance of the terms of the lease, and the same was duly approved. Then Gunther, with the consent of the trustees, but not the …

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Landlord And Tenant - Notice To Terminate - Subsequent Collection Of Rent As Waiver Of Notice, Michigan Law Review Apr 1941

Landlord And Tenant - Notice To Terminate - Subsequent Collection Of Rent As Waiver Of Notice, Michigan Law Review

Michigan Law Review

Defendant tenant held under a month-to-month tenancy. On September 12, plaintiff landlord served him with the requisite thirty-day notice to terminate the tenancy. On October 26, plaintiff was awarded possession by default judgment in summary proceedings before the circuit court commissioner. Defendant subsequently posted an appeal bond to stay execution and appealed to the circuit court. While the appeal was pending, plaintiff billed and collected the October rent and utility charges. Defendant claimed that this waived plaintiff's notice. Held, there was no waiver of notice since the Michigan statutes contemplate recovery of rent until the landlord obtains possession. Detroit …

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Slander Of Title - Nature Of The Action - Statute Of Limitations, Herbert R. Whiting Apr 1941

Slander Of Title - Nature Of The Action - Statute Of Limitations, Herbert R. Whiting

Michigan Law Review

Plaintiff brought an action to recover damages occasioned by certain letters, alleged to be false and malicious, written by the defendant of and concerning the title to plaintiff's property. Since the letters were written more than one year prior to the commencement of the action, defendant argued that the action was barred by a clause in the local statute of limitations providing that "actions for libel and slander shall be commenced within one year after the cause of action shall have accrued." On the other hand the plaintiff asserted that the case came under the statute's two-year limitation of actions …

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