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Estates and Trusts

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Articles 511 - 540 of 629

Full-Text Articles in Property Law and Real Estate

The Present Status Of "Illusory" Trusts-The Doctrine On Newman V. Dore Brought Down To Date, Edward A. Smith Aug 1945

The Present Status Of "Illusory" Trusts-The Doctrine On Newman V. Dore Brought Down To Date, Edward A. Smith

Michigan Law Review

It has long been the policy of the law to provide for a widow by setting aside some portion of her deceased husband's estate for her future support. Such a policy, it has been said, dates back to the laws of Hammurabi and later evidences of it may. be found in the Justinian Code of the Roman Law, and in English law from the earliest times; its final manifestation being in the well-known common law dower. It is not with dower, however, that we are here concerned, for that institution is sufficiently well understood to require no discussion in this …


Trusts-Statute Of Frauds-Oral Trust Of Land And Proceeds, Margaret Groefsema S.Ed. Feb 1945

Trusts-Statute Of Frauds-Oral Trust Of Land And Proceeds, Margaret Groefsema S.Ed.

Michigan Law Review

A conveyance was made of real property impressed with an oral trust unenforceable because of the statute of frauds requiring trusts of interests in land to be in writing. The land was later sold and the plaintiff as beneficiary of the parol trust sought to reach the proceeds of the sale. Held, the statute of frauds does not apply to personal property. Therefore the oral trust may be impressed upon the proceeds even though it could not have been enforced while the trust res remained realty. Simpson v. Clark, (Mass. 1944) 55 N.E. (2d) 10.


The Development Of The Massachusetts Probate System, Thomas E. Atkinson Dec 1943

The Development Of The Massachusetts Probate System, Thomas E. Atkinson

Michigan Law Review

American lawyers and laymen alike take for granted a system of probate of wills and administration of decedents' estates under the supervision of a single tribunal usually called a probate court. We are familiar with the setting up of the will, appointment of the personal representative, filing of bond and inventory by the latter, granting of allowances for support of the family, notice to creditors to present their claims, and settlement of accounts of the administration, all accomplished by this court's orders or under its scrutiny. While real property is deemed to pass directly to the heirs or devisees, it …


Trusts - What Constitutes Revocation When No Method Specified, Dickson M. Saunders Aug 1943

Trusts - What Constitutes Revocation When No Method Specified, Dickson M. Saunders

Michigan Law Review

By trust deed of 1927, settlor conveyed two mortgages {the first for $5,200, and the second for $1,000, both given by Harry E. Hough and wife) to trustees, in trust for herself for life, and providing for certain disposition upon her death. The trust deed was revocable with reserved power in the settlor to convey, release or otherwise dispose of the property. In 1928 the settlor released both mortgages but took in lieu thereof one mortgage for $6,200 from the same mortgagors on the same property. This substitution was effected to accommodate the mortgagors and no money changed hands. The …


Eminent Domain - Disposition Of Award When Land Is Subject To Life Estate And Remainder, Mary Jane Morris Jun 1943

Eminent Domain - Disposition Of Award When Land Is Subject To Life Estate And Remainder, Mary Jane Morris

Michigan Law Review

Testator devised property to his adopted daughter for life and remainder to her children, but should she leave no children at her death, then the estate was to go to a named charity. The United States took title to this property and paid the compensation into court. The life tenant and one of the five children filed a motion that the life tenant be permitted to withdraw the funds arising from the condemnation for the purpose of having them immediately reinvested in other real estate and/or government securities. This motion was approved by the guardian ad litem for the one …


Trusts - Constructive Trusts - Protection Of Trade Secrets And Like Confidential Information, E. George Rudolph Feb 1943

Trusts - Constructive Trusts - Protection Of Trade Secrets And Like Confidential Information, E. George Rudolph

Michigan Law Review

Plaintiff hired a seismograph company to make surveys of certain land for the purpose of locating oil and gas. The results of the survey were favorable. An employee of the seismograph company communicated the results to the defendant who thereafter leased the land. Plaintiff brought suit to have defendant declared constructive trustee of the land for plaintiff. Held, that the relief could not be granted since defendant might have leased the land without such information. Ohio Oil Co. v. Sharp, (D. C. Okla. 1942) 45 F. Supp. 969.


Apportionment Between Life Tenant And Remainderman Of Loss On Defaulted Mortgage Security Held In Trust, Charles V. Shipley Jan 1943

Apportionment Between Life Tenant And Remainderman Of Loss On Defaulted Mortgage Security Held In Trust, Charles V. Shipley

Kentucky Law Journal

No abstract provided.


Taxation - Gift Tax - Transfer In Pursuance Of An Antenuptial Agreement As A Taxable Gift, Michigan Law Review Jan 1942

Taxation - Gift Tax - Transfer In Pursuance Of An Antenuptial Agreement As A Taxable Gift, Michigan Law Review

Michigan Law Review

Plaintiff entered into an antenuptial agreement with his intended wife whereby she waived all rights which she might acquire by virtue of the marriage in certain stock which he owned. In consideration therefor, he transferred to her two annuities and an interest as tenant by the entirety in two parcels of real estate. Plaintiff contended that such transfers did not constitute taxable gifts, and the Board of Tax Appeals decided in his favor. Held, that the transfers were taxable gifts, for a waiver of marriage rights in the property of plaintiff pursuant to an antenuptial agreement did not constitute …


Dower - Premarital Conveyance As Fraud On Dower, Michigan Law Review Dec 1941

Dower - Premarital Conveyance As Fraud On Dower, Michigan Law Review

Michigan Law Review

Decedent, seven days before his marriage to plaintiff, conveyed all his property to his nephew, the defendant. Plaintiff was not informed of the transfer until some time after the marriage. The property was worth $22,000, and decedent, who was at that time sixty-two years of age, was allowed to retain a life estate therein. Cancellation of a note for $2,904 owing from decedent to defendant served as consideration for the transfer. Held, the transfer was a fraud on dower since it was made without the knowledge of the intended wife for the purpose of defeating the interest which she …


Executors And Administrators - Liability Of Original Lessee's Estate On Assigned Long - Term Lease, Charles G. Schwartz Nov 1941

Executors And Administrators - Liability Of Original Lessee's Estate On Assigned Long - Term Lease, Charles G. Schwartz

Michigan Law Review

Defendant's testator had entered into a ninety-nine year lease with the plaintiff lessor, and shortly afterward, with the consent of the plaintiff, had assigned the lease to a corporation. The lease was renewable forever. Fourteen years later the original lessee died testate, leaving an estate of approximately $1,000,000. The lessor now seeks to have the court impound nearly all of the estate as security for future rent payments. At the time of suit there had been no default in rent installments. Held, plaintiff has no present cause of action. In the absence of any default in rent, mere privity …


Life Estate With A Limited Power Of Disposition Apr 1941

Life Estate With A Limited Power Of Disposition

Indiana Law Journal

Notes and Comments: Property and Estates


Administration Of Estates--Advancement--Method Of Hotchpot, P. J. O'F. Feb 1941

Administration Of Estates--Advancement--Method Of Hotchpot, P. J. O'F.

West Virginia Law Review

No abstract provided.


Deeds--Construction--Where Not Effective Until The Future, W. J. C. Feb 1941

Deeds--Construction--Where Not Effective Until The Future, W. J. C.

West Virginia Law Review

No abstract provided.


Banks And Banking -Trusts - Right Of Bank To Sell Participating Trust Certificates In Self-Owned Property, Michigan Law Review Jan 1941

Banks And Banking -Trusts - Right Of Bank To Sell Participating Trust Certificates In Self-Owned Property, Michigan Law Review

Michigan Law Review

In 1923 the trust company entered into a transaction with the land company by which the land company borrowed $130,000 with which it purchased a city property for slightly less than that amount and gave title to the trust company as security for the loan. Through a series of loans later negotiated the trust company came to have an investment of $150,000 in the property. In 1926 the trust company made an agreement with the land company pursuant to which the trust company declared itself trustee of the property at an appraised value almost fifty per cent above the purchase …


Sales By Executors And Administrators, Clarence Cornelius Jan 1941

Sales By Executors And Administrators, Clarence Cornelius

Kentucky Law Journal

No abstract provided.


Taxation - Federal Estate Tax - What Is A General Power Of Appointment Within The Meaning Of The Federal Statute?, John H. Pickering Jun 1940

Taxation - Federal Estate Tax - What Is A General Power Of Appointment Within The Meaning Of The Federal Statute?, John H. Pickering

Michigan Law Review

Decedent exercised her testamentary power to appoint the income of a discretionary trust. The commissioner declared a tax deficiency for failure to include the property subject to the power in the gross estate. The executor appealed on the ground that the power was a special power under Wisconsin law since the trustee could withhold the income from any beneficiary. Held, the power was general since it was exercisable in favor of the donee's estate or her creditors and therefore the exercise of the power was taxable under section 302(f) of the Revenue Act of 1926. Morgan v. Commissioner, …


Trusts - Right Of Trustee's Wife To Dower In Property Held Subject To Oral Trust - Effect Of Subsequent Memorandum - Dower Where Trustee Has Both Legal And Equitable Interest, Michigan Law Review May 1939

Trusts - Right Of Trustee's Wife To Dower In Property Held Subject To Oral Trust - Effect Of Subsequent Memorandum - Dower Where Trustee Has Both Legal And Equitable Interest, Michigan Law Review

Michigan Law Review

Pursuant to an oral agreement and upon consideration furnished by them, A, B, and C procured land to be conveyed to A by a third party. Six days later A executed a self declaration of trust in the terms of the oral agreement; that he would operate it, and within a specified period sell the property and divide the proceeds between himself, B and C, as beneficiaries. A suit to remove A as trustee culminated in a judicial sale of the property to B and C. In this proceeding by B and C to quiet title, A …


Estoppel By Deed--Conveyance Of Interest Subsequently Acquired As Heir--Warranty In Quitclaim Deed As Basis For Estoppel, J. H. H. Dec 1937

Estoppel By Deed--Conveyance Of Interest Subsequently Acquired As Heir--Warranty In Quitclaim Deed As Basis For Estoppel, J. H. H.

West Virginia Law Review

No abstract provided.


Constructive Trusts--Survivorship In Joint Tenancy--Right Of Murderer To Recover Entire Fund Of Deceased Apr 1936

Constructive Trusts--Survivorship In Joint Tenancy--Right Of Murderer To Recover Entire Fund Of Deceased

West Virginia Law Review

No abstract provided.


Assignments -Validity Of Gratuitous Written Assignment Jan 1936

Assignments -Validity Of Gratuitous Written Assignment

Michigan Law Review

Deceased took defendant, his son, to a notary and there made and acknowledged written assignments of three mortgages he owned. He handed these assignments to defendant, saying "I give you these. Put them in the safety-deposit box." Defendant went away with the assignments which reappear only after the father's death; they were found in an envelope, marked with defendant's name in deceased's hand, in a safety-deposit box owned jointly by deceased and defendant. Deceased always retained possession and enjoyment of the actual mortgage instruments. Plaintiff, another son, claims these mortgages should be part of deceased's estate. The court held that …


Future Interests-Rule Against Perpetuities-Application To Estate Created Under Power Of Appointment By Will Only Jan 1936

Future Interests-Rule Against Perpetuities-Application To Estate Created Under Power Of Appointment By Will Only

Michigan Law Review

The testator died in 1872 leaving to testatrix in trust certain property over which she was given a general power of appointment by will. The testatrix died in 1928 leaving this property in a trust which was found to violate the rule against perpetuities. In discussing this, the question was raised whether in testing the validity of the estate created by the power of appointment, the period of the rule is calculated from the time of the creation of the power of appointment or from the time of its exercise. Held, that the permissible period is to be measured …


The Taxation Of Trust Property, Robert C. Brown Jan 1935

The Taxation Of Trust Property, Robert C. Brown

Kentucky Law Journal

No abstract provided.


The Indiana Law Of Future Interests, Descent And Wills, By Bernard C. Gavit, Glenn D. Peters Nov 1934

The Indiana Law Of Future Interests, Descent And Wills, By Bernard C. Gavit, Glenn D. Peters

Indiana Law Journal

No abstract provided.


Trusts - Change Of Circumstances As Basis For Variation Of Trust Instrument Nov 1934

Trusts - Change Of Circumstances As Basis For Variation Of Trust Instrument

Michigan Law Review

The testator left his estate to trustees with directions to pay the income to his widow and three sons in equal shares, the principal to vest in the sons upon his widow's marriage or death. The widow in addition was given the use of the family homestead or the use of a new home not to exceed the price of $25,000. The homestead, valued at $200,000, became undesirable for residential purposes due to the growth of the business center of the city. The widow petitioned the court to direct the trustees to pay her $15,000 a year from the trust …


Future Interests - Federal Estate Tax - Admissibility Of Evidence Of Barrenness Of Devisee Mar 1934

Future Interests - Federal Estate Tax - Admissibility Of Evidence Of Barrenness Of Devisee

Michigan Law Review

In an inquiry as to the value of an executory bequest to charitable institutions, conditioned on the death of the testator's daughter without issue surviving her, was evidence that at the time of the testator's death she had been rendered incapable of bearing children admissible for the purpose of determining the amount of a deduction from the federal estate tax? Held, that such evidence was admissible. United States v. Provident Trust Co., (U. S. 1934) 54 Sup. Ct. 389.


Future Interests -Transferability Of Right Of Entry For Breach Of Condition Jan 1934

Future Interests -Transferability Of Right Of Entry For Breach Of Condition

Michigan Law Review

Plaintiff's ancestor conveyed land to the city, on the express condition that the city should construct and forever maintain a "speedway" on the premises conveyed, reserving to himself, his heirs and assigns a right of entry for breach of the condition. Subsequently, before the condition was broken, he conveyed to a third party all his remaining land adjoining the Speedway, "together with all the right, title and interest of the party of the first part, in said Speedway." The breach of the condition having since admittedly occurred, the plaintiff, the heir of the original grantor, sought to assert the right …


Life Estates - Oil And Gas -Effect Of Lease By Life Tenant May 1933

Life Estates - Oil And Gas -Effect Of Lease By Life Tenant

Michigan Law Review

The plaintiff, a remainderman, granted an "oil and gas lease to X, subject to the rights of the tenant by curtesy, Anderson. Anderson, seven years later, granted an "oil and gas lease" in the same premises to Y. Eventually both leases were acquired by the defendant who entered upon the land and drilled for oil. Anderson contended that he was entitled not only to the royalty stipulated in the lease made by him, but also to receive for his lifetime the income from the proceeds of the sale of the royalty for which the remainderman stipulated. The defendant …


Specific Performance--Forcing Release Of Inchoate Dower Under Statutory Scheme, Kingsley R. Smith Feb 1933

Specific Performance--Forcing Release Of Inchoate Dower Under Statutory Scheme, Kingsley R. Smith

West Virginia Law Review

No abstract provided.


The Meaning Of "Heirs" In Willsa Suggestion In Legal Method, Lewis M. Simes, Lorentz B. Knouff, George E. Leonard Jr.: Jan 1933

The Meaning Of "Heirs" In Willsa Suggestion In Legal Method, Lewis M. Simes, Lorentz B. Knouff, George E. Leonard Jr.:

Michigan Law Review

A major task of the lawyer is the prediction of judicial action. No less than a quarter of a century ago Justice Holmes referred to the law as a body of "systematized prediction." Today legal scholars are not content to base their predictions solely upon the body of rules announced in judicial opinions. By means of elaborate fact studies they have sought to ascertain how rules of law actually function in society. Not only have these studies dealt with problems of procedure and the administration of courts, they have also invaded the fields of commercial and property law. Among such …


Waste - Improvement Of Premises By Life Tenant Mar 1932

Waste - Improvement Of Premises By Life Tenant

Michigan Law Review

The possible difficulties of a life tenant and some of the rigid and anachronistic doctrines of the law of waste are suggested by the recent case of Brokaw v. Fairchild, 135 Mis. 70, 237 N. Y. S. 6 (1929); aff'd 231 App. Div. 704,245 N. Y. S. 402 (1930), Finch, J., dissenting; aff'd, 177 N. E. 186 (1931), without opinion.