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Articles 601 - 630 of 2052
Full-Text Articles in Military, War, and Peace
It Takes A Village: An Analysis Of Multilateralism And The Legal Mechanisms Designed To Prevent Violence Against Women, Madison Ivey
It Takes A Village: An Analysis Of Multilateralism And The Legal Mechanisms Designed To Prevent Violence Against Women, Madison Ivey
Scripps Senior Theses
Treaties and international organizations work together to create a global environment that protects the rights of a person and actively promotes the well-being of society. However, they do not necessarily guarantee the rights of everyone. Since women are not explicitly named in human rights documents, they are often not granted equal human rights. Therefore, it takes more than just international legal instruments to guarantee women's rights as human rights. A combination of civil society (NGOs), International organizations (IOs), and domestic government creates a perfect coalition to beat the barriers that must be overcome to fully protect women from violence.
The Legacy Of Colonialism On The Rule Of Law In Sub Saharan Africa, Joel H. Samuels
The Legacy Of Colonialism On The Rule Of Law In Sub Saharan Africa, Joel H. Samuels
Articles
No abstract provided.
The Persecution Of Stones: War Crimes, Law's Autonomy And The Co-Optation Of Cultural Heritage, Timothy W. Waters
The Persecution Of Stones: War Crimes, Law's Autonomy And The Co-Optation Of Cultural Heritage, Timothy W. Waters
Articles by Maurer Faculty
In 1567, a bridge was built over a river in Bosnia-a bridge widely seen as a work of great beauty. In 1993, it was destroyed in a war. What did its destruction mean? Was it a crime-and which one? An assault on culture-and whose? Between 2004 and 2017, a trial held in The Hague sought to answer these questions. The way it did-the assumptions and categories the prosecutors and judges deployed, the choices they made-tells us something important about how law operates and how it appropriates other bodies of knowledge, whether in a now-obscure Balkan conflict or on the battlefields …
Political Trust In Kosovo: Exploring Cultural And Institutional Dynamics, Ermira Babamusta
Political Trust In Kosovo: Exploring Cultural And Institutional Dynamics, Ermira Babamusta
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
In this dissertation I examine political trust perceptions across different political-legal institutions and actors in Kosovo. I evaluate the levels of political trust using cultural and institutional performance explanations to investigate the key factors that have an impact on political trust. The study explores national political trust and international political trust, considering many domains of political trust: government, political leaders, political parties, Kosovo Courts, Kosovo Police, NATO, United Nations, European Union, and the Kosovo Specialist Court. There is growing concern about lower levels of political trust across Europe, especially in post-communist countries. In this study, I make the case that …
State Under Attack: The Story Of Preference For Relatives In Pre-Emptive Counterterrorism Operations, Eyal Gruner, Doron Menashe
State Under Attack: The Story Of Preference For Relatives In Pre-Emptive Counterterrorism Operations, Eyal Gruner, Doron Menashe
Cardozo International & Comparative Law Review
No abstract provided.
The Blood Antiquities Convention As A Paradigm For Cultural Property Crime Reduction, Derek Fincham
The Blood Antiquities Convention As A Paradigm For Cultural Property Crime Reduction, Derek Fincham
Cardozo Arts & Entertainment Law Journal
In 2017, the Council of Europe opened for signature the first ever international treaty aimed at policing cultural property. As more attention has been paid to the damage done by the theft, looting, and illicit trafficking of cultural objects, the Council of Europe has met this challenge with an ambitious convention, which aims to fill gaps in the current criminal laws. These gaps have too often been exploited by individuals in the illicit antiquities trade. The author had an opportunity to present his analysis of a draft version of the Council of Europe's Convention at a meeting held in Lucca, …
Peacekeeping Operations In West Africa: Mechanisms Of Cooperation Between The United Nations And Ecowas With The Case Studies Concerning The Crises In Liberia And The Gambia, Serigne Cheikh Modou Kara Cisse
Peacekeeping Operations In West Africa: Mechanisms Of Cooperation Between The United Nations And Ecowas With The Case Studies Concerning The Crises In Liberia And The Gambia, Serigne Cheikh Modou Kara Cisse
Dissertations and Theses
The African continent has significantly suffered from a great number of civil wars and armed conflicts since the beginning of the independence era in late 1960s. On May 28, 1975, the creation of a regional The African continent has significantly suffered from a great number of civil wars and armed conflicts since organization in West Africa called the Economic Community of West Africa States (ECOWAS) took place. The intent was to achieve "collective self-sufficiency" for its member states by building a full economic and trading union. In the late 1990s, the maintenance of peace and security in the region was …
An International Tribunal For The Use Of Nuclear Weapons, Anthony J, Colangelo, Peter Hayes
An International Tribunal For The Use Of Nuclear Weapons, Anthony J, Colangelo, Peter Hayes
Faculty Journal Articles and Book Chapters
Although offenses against international law have been proscribed at a certain level of generality, nobody hitherto has examined closely the scientific and ecological damages that would be imposed by nuclear strikes in relation to resulting possible law-ofwar violations. To correct that information deficit and institutional shortfall, the first Part of this Article constructs a hortatory proposal for a tribunal for the use of nuclear weapons under international law. The second Part of the Article shows how such a tribunal statute would have a real-world effect on those charged with launching nuclear strikes and determining the legality of the strike orders. …
Armed Conflict At The Threshold, Deborah Pearlstein
Armed Conflict At The Threshold, Deborah Pearlstein
Articles
Seventeen years into the United States’ engagement in what America has controversially understood as a global, non-international armed conflict against a shifting set of terrorist groups, a growing array of scholars has called for a reassessment of the significance of the “armed conflict” classification under international humanitarian law (IHL). The existence of an “armed conflict” has long been understood as a proxy on/off switch of inescapable importance. When an “armed conflict” exists, lethal targeting—without regard to particular self-defensive need or immediacy of threat—is permitted as a first resort. When an “armed conflict” does not exist, it is not. Challenging the …
Time For The Creation Of A Standing U.N. Armed Peace Service And The Potential Employment Of Experienced U.S. Veterans As A Significant Component Of Such A Force, Ronald Sievert
The International Lawyer
No abstract provided.
Charney Lecture: The Rule Of Law In International Security Affairs: A U.S. Defense Department Perspective, Paul C. Ney, Jr.
Charney Lecture: The Rule Of Law In International Security Affairs: A U.S. Defense Department Perspective, Paul C. Ney, Jr.
Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law
Thank you very much for inviting me here today. I am especially grateful to Dean Chris Guthrie, Professor Mike Newton, and Mrs. Sharon Charney, who generously endowed this lecture series in memory of her late husband, Professor Jonathan Charney. Thank you, as well, to all the members of the Charney family for sharing him with the Vanderbilt community. Professor Charney taught at Vanderbilt for forty years and was one of the nation's preeminent scholars and practitioners of international law. He was a member of the U.S. delegation to the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea, which …
Challenging And Refining The "Unwilling Or Unable" Doctrine, Craig Martin
Challenging And Refining The "Unwilling Or Unable" Doctrine, Craig Martin
Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law
This Article challenges and proposes refinements to the "unwilling or unable" doctrine. Governments after 9/11 have invoked the doctrine to justify the use of force in self-defense against non-state actors (NSAs) operating within the territory of nonconsenting states. Responding to criticism that it lacked substance and a legal foundation, Daniel Bethlehem famously developed more detailed principles to embed the policy firmly in law, strike a balance between the interests of target states and territorial states, and bridge the gap between scholars and policymakers. His principles were embraced by governments as reflecting custom. The effort was laudable, but the principles fell …
Who Owns The Rules Of War In Today's Post-Post-Cold War?, Kenneth Anderson
Who Owns The Rules Of War In Today's Post-Post-Cold War?, Kenneth Anderson
Scholarly Articles in Law Reviews & Journals
Professor Gabriella Blum's The Paradox of Power observes that international humanitarian law (IHL) has been in a long. term evolution toward putting the principle of "humanitarianism" and civilian protection at its normative and legal center. The Lecture (on which this essay is a commentary) identifies several reasons for this, in particular (within and across liberal democratic societies) social acceptance of IHL as law but also as socially internalized norms that give IHL broad moral legitimacy. Accepting The Paradox of Power's main propositions as cor rect, this Commentary extends its account in several ways. First, The Paradox of Power's combination of …
The Bemba Appeals Chamber Judgment: Impunity For Sexual And Gender-Based Crimes?, Susana Sacouto, Patricia Viseur Sellers
The Bemba Appeals Chamber Judgment: Impunity For Sexual And Gender-Based Crimes?, Susana Sacouto, Patricia Viseur Sellers
Scholarly Articles in Law Reviews & Journals
On June 8, 2018, a majority of the Appeals Chamber of the International Criminal Court (ICC) reversed the conviction of former military commander Jean-Pierre Bemba for the crimes against humanity of rape and murder and the war crimes of rape, murder, and pillaging committed by his troops in the Central African Republic (CAR) between October 2002, and March 2003. The decision was clearly a disappointment for the victims of the crimes committed by Bemba’s troops, who have been waiting for more than fifteen years for a measure of justice. Significantly, the acquittal also means that sixteen years after the Rome …
Use Of Force In Humanitarian Crises: Addressing The Limitations Of U.N. Security Council Authorization, Paul Williams, Sophie Pearlman
Use Of Force In Humanitarian Crises: Addressing The Limitations Of U.N. Security Council Authorization, Paul Williams, Sophie Pearlman
Scholarly Articles in Law Reviews & Journals
The original 2001 United Nations (UN) codification of the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) granted the UN Security Council exclusive control over authorizing use of force in sovereign states. Unfortunately, as demonstrated over the past 20 years, the need for humanitarian intervention has not changed and the use of force in the name of humanitarian intervention has not always occurred even when the need for such intervention was dire. When the UN Security Council is deadlocked, and a humanitarian crisis is at hand, it is necessary to have a means of using low-intensity military force to prevent mass atrocity crimes. In …
Analyzing The Potential For Universal Disarmament Of Autonomous Weapons Systems Or How I Learned To Stop Working And Love The Killer Robot, Frank Nicholas Kelly
Analyzing The Potential For Universal Disarmament Of Autonomous Weapons Systems Or How I Learned To Stop Working And Love The Killer Robot, Frank Nicholas Kelly
Brooklyn Journal of International Law
Lethal autonomous weapons systems (LAWS) have recently become the subject of debate among scholars, world leaders, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), and the popular media. While the dangers of autonomous robotics have existed for decades in science fiction, technology has only recently made the implementation of robots capable of military combat a real possibility. With the advent of this technology, many government leaders, politicians, scientists, and business leaders are advancing the argument that just because autonomous weapons can exist does not mean they should. Some countries, however, have demonstrated a strong interest in the continued developing LAWS, making universal disarmament unlikely. This …
Armenia And Azerbaijan's Struggle With Occupation In Nagorno-Karabakh, Carolyn Morway
Armenia And Azerbaijan's Struggle With Occupation In Nagorno-Karabakh, Carolyn Morway
Brooklyn Journal of International Law
The corrupt occupation of Nagorno-Karabakh and its surrounding areas has resulted in displaced civilians, chaotic military violence, poor judicial law-making, and hostile international relations. Analyzing the international law of occupation’s purposes and its humanitarian requirements illustrates that there is a need for change. Set against the backdrop of Nagorno-Karabakh’s precarious situation, the international community should take this opportunity to reformulate the international law of occupation with sovereignty and humanitarian principles guiding the change. The effort could prevent another such “frozen conflict.”
From Discretion To Law: Rights-Based Concerns And The Evolution Of International Sanctions, Christopher Roberts
From Discretion To Law: Rights-Based Concerns And The Evolution Of International Sanctions, Christopher Roberts
Brooklyn Journal of International Law
This Article considers the manner in which rights-based concerns have increasingly impacted upon the nature of international sanctions regimes. First, this Article considers two better-known instances of this impact—the manner in which general sanctions became more targeted, and the manner in which due process concerns came to receive greater respect in the context of targeting decisions. Following these investigations, this Article turns to explore a third, under-recognized development—the gradual evolution of a sense that sanctions may be required in certain instances. It explores this development by highlighting the growing scope of understandings of responsibility within various bodies of public international …
Moving From Management To Termination: A Case Study Of Prolonged Occupation, David Hughes
Moving From Management To Termination: A Case Study Of Prolonged Occupation, David Hughes
Brooklyn Journal of International Law
In 2017, the Israeli occupation of the Palestinian territories reached a half-century in duration. This reignited a conversation amongst legal scholars. In articles and books, lawyers questioned the efficacy of occupation law. They asked whether it had become an anachronism. Across Israel and the Palestinian territories, those that directly invoke the law of occupation sought a more effective means of adapting the law to meet the exigencies of a fifty-year-old occupation. The accompanying debates recalled questions concerning the legal treatment of prolonged occupation. This article seeks to fundamentally alter the recurring discourse. Built around a detailed case study of Israel’s …
The Durand Line: Analysis Of The Legal Status Of The Disputed Afghanistan-Pakistan Frontier, Bijan Omrani
The Durand Line: Analysis Of The Legal Status Of The Disputed Afghanistan-Pakistan Frontier, Bijan Omrani
University of Miami International and Comparative Law Review
No abstract provided.
Tall Tales Of Danger And Security: How A Critical Human Security Approach Can Address Major Contradictions Revealed Through A Critical Narrative Analysis Of Dominant U.S. Security Strategies, Stephen Schneider
Master's Theses
Over many generations, humans have developed many perspectives and practices regarding the best ways to recognize and address what they perceive to be dangerous. Stories are used to help shape and narrate perceptions about the world, and they serve to pass on vital information that impacts how a society responds to threats and vulnerabilities. These narratives of danger and security are subjective to the experiences and political intentions of society, and therefore in many ways are partial and biased in their assessments and policies. This results in flawed security practices that may actually exacerbate threats or create new insecurities. What …
Venezuela: A Uniquely Senian Insight Into A Human Rights Crisis, Andrea I. Scheer
Venezuela: A Uniquely Senian Insight Into A Human Rights Crisis, Andrea I. Scheer
Brooklyn Journal of International Law
For over twenty decades, Venezuelan political leaders have blatantly disregarded their citizens’ human rights, leading to the downfall of Venezuela’s economy and democratic institutions, including severe food and medicine shortages, as well as staggering inflation rates. As a result, Venezuela provides a unique affirmation of the Capabilities Approach introduced by Professor Amartya Sen, which focuses not only on the freedoms that individuals possess, but also on what individuals are capable of doing as possessors of these freedoms. This Note seeks to use Sen’s Capabilities Approach to understand the nature and scope of Venezuela’s multidimensional crisis, arguing that a Senian approach …
The Regime Of Innocent Passage In Disputed Waters, Hitoshi Nasu
The Regime Of Innocent Passage In Disputed Waters, Hitoshi Nasu
International Law Studies
The regime of innocent passage is a well-established body of customary international law. However, when there is a dispute over sovereign entitlement to a territorial sea or its outer limit, the applicability and legal effect of the regime are brought into question. This article considers the applicability of the regime of innocent passage and its legal effect in disputed waters by critically examining the relevant jurisprudence of international courts and tribunals that have dealt with territorial and maritime disputes. The efficacy of the findings from this analysis will then be evaluated from a legal policy perspective in the interest of …
International Humanitarian Law And The Targeting Of Data, Tim Mccormack
International Humanitarian Law And The Targeting Of Data, Tim Mccormack
International Law Studies
The 2013 publication of the Tallinn Manual on the International Law Applicable to Cyber Warfare confirmed the view of the majority of the international group of experts that data was not an object and therefore not subject to the rules of targeting during an armed conflict. Intuitively, a number of scholars reacted negatively to this view, and instead were drawn to the Tallinn Manual minority position that data did constitute an object. The significance of data, particularly personal data, is only increasing, and the purpose of the law of armed conflict is to reduce the deleterious impact of armed conflict …
Constitutional Coups As A Threat To Democratic Governance In Africa, John Mukum Mbaku
Constitutional Coups As A Threat To Democratic Governance In Africa, John Mukum Mbaku
Cardozo International & Comparative Law Review
The article examines the phenomenon of "constitutional coups" in Africa, where leaders manipulate constitutional provisions to extend their power, undermining democracy. It argues that while the African Union (AU) has adopted frameworks like the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) doctrine to address unconstitutional regime changes, its response to constitutional coups has been inconsistent and ineffective. The analysis highlights the tension between state sovereignty and human rights, emphasizing the need for stronger AU mechanisms to prevent such abuses and promote democratic governance.
Weapons Review Obligation Under Customary International Law, Natalia Jevglevskaja
Weapons Review Obligation Under Customary International Law, Natalia Jevglevskaja
International Law Studies
Under Article 36 of the 1977 Additional Protocol I to the Geneva Conventions, States are required to review new weapons for their compliance with international law. While recent discussions on the regulation of lethal autonomous weapons systems under the auspices of the UN Certain Conventional Weapons Convention increasingly emphasize the importance of national weapons review mechanisms, Article 36 is known to be implemented only by a handful of States. Some legal scholars have nonetheless argued that the Article 36 obligation has attained customary international law status. Remarkably, substantive analysis of State practice and opinio juris required to evidence that certain …
The Idf Mag’S Gaza Report And Its Critics: Context, Compliance, And Credibility, Peter Margulies, Geoffrey Corn
The Idf Mag’S Gaza Report And Its Critics: Context, Compliance, And Credibility, Peter Margulies, Geoffrey Corn
Law Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Juntas De Revisión Periódica Para La Detención De La Ley De Guerra En Guantánamo: ¿Qué Será Lo Siguiente?, Andrea Harrison
Juntas De Revisión Periódica Para La Detención De La Ley De Guerra En Guantánamo: ¿Qué Será Lo Siguiente?, Andrea Harrison
ILSA Journal of International & Comparative Law
No abstract provided.
Periodic Review Boards For Law-Of-War Detention In Guantanamo: What Next?, Andrea Harrison
Periodic Review Boards For Law-Of-War Detention In Guantanamo: What Next?, Andrea Harrison
ILSA Journal of International & Comparative Law
No abstract provided.
Are Enhanced Warfighters Weapons, Means, Or Methods Of Warfare?, Rain Liivoja, Luke Chircop
Are Enhanced Warfighters Weapons, Means, Or Methods Of Warfare?, Rain Liivoja, Luke Chircop
International Law Studies
Advances in science and technology have made it possible to improve the physical and cognitive capabilities of warfighters by biomedical interventions, such as the administration of drugs, the implantation of devices, and the magnetic stimulation of the brain. These advances raise the question as to whether enhanced warfighters ought to be considered weapons, means of warfare, or methods of warfare, for the purposes of the law of armed conflict. An affirmative answer to this question would make human enhancement subject to various restrictions arising from the law of armed conflict as well as arms control law. This article disagrees with …