Military, War, and Peace Commons^™

The United States And The League Of Nations, Clarence A. Berdahl

Michigan Law Review

With the ratification of the Treaty of Versailles by the necessary number of Powers on January 10, 1920, there came into existence that new experiment in international cooperation and government known as the League of Nations. It has grown from a membership of 43 states in 1920 to 55 in 1929. Including Great Powers and Small Powers, states of Europe, Asia, Africa, South, Central, and even North America, it can in no sense of the word be properly characterized as a European league merely, or another Holy Alliance, but is truly a world organization. Only Afghanistan, Brazil, Ecuador, Egypt, Russia, …

Book Review. The Outlawry Of War By C. C. Morrison, Fowler V. Harper

Articles by Maurer Faculty

No abstract provided.

Outlawry Of War, Fowler V. Harper

Articles by Maurer Faculty

No abstract provided.

The New Law Of Nations, Edwin D. Dickinson

Articles

"In these disillusioned years which are the aftermath of the World War the law of nations has come to be regarded in many quarters with a kind of sophisticated skepticism. It is freely asserted that the law has proved a futile reliance, that it has broken down, and it is asked--with an air of unbelief too obvious to be misunderstood--What is there that is ever likely to be done about it?"

The United States And The Mandates, Quincy Wright

Michigan Law Review

Although the United States has not yet become a member of the League of Nations nor burdened itself with any responsibilities in regard to the mandatory system established by that instrument for the government of former German and Turkish colonies, nevertheless (1) American influence was all important in gaining acceptance of the system by the Paris Peace Conference. (2) American influence was again felt in the process of putting the system into practical operation. (3) Finally the right of America to influence the future operation of the mandates irrespective of her ultimate relation to the League of Nations has been …

International Law, Edwin D. Dickinson

Reviews

Professor Dickson reviews "International Law," by C. G. Fenwick, noting that there are many such books available on the topic: monographs, casebooks, digests, collections of documents etc. He finds some of the material worthy of passing criticism and notes that "The chapters vary somewhat in quality and quantity." But Dickinson also praises "the fine tone of impartiality which makes it possible to present matters both recent and controverted in the restrained and temperate manner of the true scientist."

Review Of International Law And Some Current Illusions And Other Essays, By J. B. Moore, Henry M. Bates

Reviews

Professor Bates writes: "Most timely ... is the publication of this volume of papers by the most distinguished and the most widely experienced American scholar in the field of international law....

"Judge Moore is a firm believer in the so-called 'equality of nations' and contends that an association based upon any other theory merely invites trouble. Nor does he believe that force can be safely relied upon to preserve international peace....

"The book is of very great value. Every page of it compels thinking and reflection; moreover it is good reading even for the uninitiated...."

Permanent Court Of International Justice, Edwin D. Dickinson

Reviews

"The author of this volume of collected papers and addresses is well known as the Bemis Professor of International Law in Harvard Law School, sometime member of the Legal Section of the Secretariat of the League of Nations, and the most efficient advocate of the new Permanent Court of International Justice in America. His enterprise as an advocate is sufficiently attested by the fourteen brilliant papers reproduced in this volume and the nine other titles of similar nature listed in the bibliography, all of them produced during the last three years....

"The exceptional timeliness of the book and the quality …

International Political Questions In The National Courts, Edwin D. Dickinson

Articles

"Much has been made of the principle, in England and America, that international law is part of the national law to be applied by national courts in appropriate circumstances. As Mr. Justice Gray has expressed it, in the Paquete Habana: 'International law is part of our law, and must be ascertained and administered by the courts of justice of appropriate jurisdiction, as often as question of right depending upon it are duly presented for their determination...'

This principle is useful, where it is applicable, but it is subject to limitations which are sometimes inadequately appreciated ..."

Humanitarian Intervention In International Law As Related To The Practice Of The United States, Malbone W. Graham

Michigan Law Review

One of the outstanding results of the Great War, as regards international law, has been the tendency to question the bases of that law and to subject almost every portion of it to a minute examination, to determine its adequacy in governing effectively the relations of states to each other. This wholesale questioning has not confined itself merely to the laws of war and of neutrality-open as most of them may be to objection as a result of the practices in the course of the war-but also to the international law of peace, as regards the doctrine of the equality …

The Permanent International Court Of Justice

Michigan Law Review

The writer has already commented, in an earlier number of this Review, upon the plan for a Permanent Court of International Justice which was formulated by a committee of jurists at The Hague in the summer of 1920 and amended and approved by the Council and Assembly of the League of Nations in December of the same year. 19 MICH. L. REV. 413. The plan became operative upon ratification by a majority of the members of the League in September, 1921, and judges were elected immediately thereafter. The Court's first session opened at The Hague in January, 1922. The present …

The Road To World Peace: A Plan By Which The United States May Cooperate With Other Nations To Achieve And Preserve The Peace Of The World, Hugh Evander Willis

Articles by Maurer Faculty

No abstract provided.

Book Reviews

Michigan Law Review

A collection of book reviews by multiple authors.

A Guide To Diplomatic Practice, Edwin D. Dickinson

Reviews

"Sir Ernest Satow's Guide to Diplomatic Practice was first published in 1917. It was the first systematic treatise on the practice and procedure of diplomacy to be printed in the English language, covering a field already occupied in other languages....

"...[T]he author compiles a wealth of data accumulated in research and long experience in what may perhaps be described as the professional diplomatist's book of forms and precedents... It is chiefly a digest of diplomatic data intended to afford practical guidance in the routine of diplomatic organization, precedence and ceremonial, procedure, immunities, international congresses and conferences, the making of treaties …

Les Gouvernements Ou États Non Reconnus En Droit Anglais Et Américain, Edwin D. Dickinson

Articles

Professor Dickinson tackles the subject of non-recognition of governments or states in English and American law: "Pour conclure, voici les propositions de l'auteur. La reconnaissance d'un Gouvernement or Etat etranger est exclusivement une question politique. L'existence d'un Gouvernement ou Etat etranger est exclusivement une question de fait.... C'est une chose deja grave que de voir d'une menace dans les conflits diplomatiques..."

Book Reviews, Nathan Isaacs, Horace Lafayette Wilgus, Arthur H. Basye, Leonard D. White, Victor H. Lane, Edwin D. Dickinson

Michigan Law Review

What does a judge do when he decides a case? It would be interesting to collect the answers ranging from those furnished by primitive systems of law in which the judge was supposed to consult the gods to the ultra-modern, rather profane system described to me recently by a retrospective judge: "I make up my mind which way the case ought to be decided, and then I see if I can't get some legal ground to make it stick." Perhaps the widespread impression is the curiously erroneous one lampooned by Gnaeus Flavius (Kantorowitz). The judge is supposed to sit at …

The United States And World Organization, Edwin D. Dickinson

Articles

On what conditions should the United States enter a world organization for the maintenance of peace? Viewing the question broadly, should not the United States enter world organization upon one condition, namely, that the organization give promise of the utmost achievement in the maintenance of peace? Unless we are prepared to repudiate the avowals of our statesmen and reverse what is perhaps the oldest and most fundamental tradition of our foreign policy, can we consistently insist upon any other condition than this one?

Rules Of Warfare, Edwin D. Dickinson

Articles

Professor Dickinson anticipates the 1921 Conference of Washington on arms control and limitation in light of the recent world war and the special situations in the Far East. "War is abnormal, the negation of law and order, the exaltation of force..... This does not mean that codes of war law, so called, have no place or function ...."

League Of Nations And The Laws Of War, Ralph W. Aigler

Michigan Law Review

Everyone would agree that the renovation of international law presents a problem of commanding importance. Diversity of opinion is manifested, however, as soon as attention is directed to the details of the renovating process. Where to begin, what to emphasize, and how to go about it are questions which provoke a medley of discordant answers. Out of this medley a few paramount issues are beginning to emerge. One such issue concerns the so-called law of war. What shall be done about it? The World War revealed its lack of sanction, its confusion with self-interest, its chaotic uncertainty. Can it really …

The Execution Of Peace With Germany: An Experiment In International Organization, Edwin D. Dickinson

Articles

IN one respect, at least, the Peace of Versailles is unlike any of the great European settlements of earlier date. The provisions included to ensure the execution of its terms are vastly more ambitious in scope and more elaborate in detail than anything of the kind contained in earlier treaties. There is an extraordinary emphasis upon organization for the enforcement of peace.

Retaliation And Neutral Rights, Hessel Edward Yntema

Michigan Law Review

The readjustment of international law to the ever-changing conditions of maritime warfare has always presented problems of extreme difficulty. Particularly is this the case, when, as in the Napoleonic wars and the recent European conflict, belligerents, falling back upon the exceptional plea of necessity, attempt to modify the rights of neutral powers to their own advantage or even to involve them in the conflict. A question of this character, namely, the extent to which a belligerent in pursuing retaliatory measures against 'alleged violations of international law by his opponent, may thereby abridge the admitted rights of neutrals, was raised in …

War And Law, Charles H. Hamill

Michigan Law Review

Law creates rights. It not merely defines them; it creates them. Without law, one may what he can. With law, one can only that which he may. Law is the device by which the many, individually weak, control and compel the few individually strong or cunning. It is a device by which is reduced nature's handicap in favor of the physically strong and ruthless. Where law obtains, those who are fitted to the system created by the law, as the economically efficient, prevail and survive. In the absence of law, only the strong and cunning can survive.

Table Of Contents

International Law Studies

No abstract provided.

International Status Of The Grand Duchy Of Luxemburg And The Kingdom Of Belgium In Relation To The Present European War, Theodore P. Ion

Michigan Law Review

The case of Belgium presents an entirely different aspect both from the legal and the political point of view. While the guarantee of the neutrality of Luxemburg interests---or interested at the time of the signature of the Treaty of 1867 -- France and Prussia only, and the other contracting parties (and particularly Great Britain) acceded to it, to use the "'reluctantly," words of Lord Stanley, that of Belgium had and has an entirely different character so far as England is concerned. It affects her vital interests, namely, her own security. Hence the difference in the wording of the instrument guaranteeing …

International Status Of The Grand Duchy Of Luxemburg And The Kingdom Of Belgium In Relation To The Present European War, Theodore P. Ion

Michigan Law Review

The International status of the Grand Duchy of Luxemburg and J-of the Kingdom of Belgium, through whose territory the army of Kaiser William II marched, in order, to use the expression of Grotius, "to meet the enemy," has been, since the outbreak of the present European war, the crucial point of discussion between the diplomatists and publicists of the belligerents, each trying to impress upon the neutral public the justice of the cause of their country.

International Law In War, Thomas Niemeyer

Michigan Law Review

International Law in War and the International Law of War are two distinct things, and the fact that they are not carefully enough distinguished has been the source -in the present war of certain misunderstandings that are in no way unimportant.

Neutralization Of Belgium And The Doctrine Of Kriegsraison, Jesse S. Reeves

Michigan Law Review

Anything which Professor Niemeyer has to say in the field of International Law is deserving of serious attention. Under his editorial supervision the ZEITSCHRIFT INTERNATIONALES RECHT has become a valuable factor in the development of International Law in Germany. The foregoing article, which recently appeared in the JURISTICHE WOCHENSCHRIFT, has been translated with his consent with a view to its publication in these pages. The leading thought of the article is to arrive at a justification of Germany's failure to observe the Treaty of London of 1839 from the point of view of International Law. He rests his case (1) …

International Arbitration, Joseph B. Moore

Michigan Law Review

The history of the race whether considered as one of individuals or as nations has been one of struggle. Did one individual fancy another had done him a wrong, he proceeded to right that wrong himself by the exercise of force. From the day when Cain killed his brother Abel, for many centuries contests between individuals were settled, not as justice dictated, but by brute force. The result was a disorderly condition of society unfavorable to peaceful conditions. In the evolution of the race, when men differed, instead of attempting to settle their differences by force, tribunals were brought into …

The Work Of The Second Hague Conference, W. F. Dodd

Michigan Law Review

The second Hague Conference came to an end on October 18, 1907, after sitting for more than four months. In the popular mind the Conference has been dismissed as a failure. No sensational actions were taken, and the quiet and solid work of a group of international lawyers has had little attraction for the general public. It is, however, worth while to make a plain statement of what the Conference did and did not accomplish. The first Hague Conference in 1899 was essentially a peace conference. The question of partial disarmament was put at the head of the Russian program …

Convention For The Peaceful Adjustment Of International Differences, Amos S. Hershey

Articles by Maurer Faculty

No abstract provided.