Military, War, and Peace Commons^™

The Constitution In Crisis Times, Jack N. Rakove

Cardozo Public Law, Policy & Ethics Journal

The article examines the challenges the U.S. Constitution faces during crises, particularly in the context of the post-9/11 "War on Terror." It argues that terrorism represents a persistent condition rather than a traditional war, requiring a balanced approach to security and civil liberties. The author emphasizes the importance of constitutional checks on executive power and the role of Congress in ensuring civil liberties are protected during crises.

Trial Of The Accused Taliban And Al Qaeda Operatives Captured In Afghanistan And Detained On A U.S. Military Base In Cuba, Jaime Jackson

ExpressO

A timely piece proposing solutions for issues certain to be raised in the upcoming trials of the accused Taliban and Al Qaeda operatives captured in Afghanistan and detained on a U.S. military base in Cuba. In the article, I begin by examining the history and jurisdiction of Article I and Article III courts and then address the history and structure of the Al Qaeda and Taliban regimes. After considering the Constitution, federal statutes, politics, and geographical limitations, I conclude that Al Qaeda detainees should be tried in Article III courts under terrorism statutes and Taliban detainees, as military combatants, should …

Democracy, Judicial Review And The Rule Of Law In The Age Of Terrorism: The Experience Of Israel - A Comparative Perspective, 31 Ga. J. Int'l & Comp. L. 493 (2003), Ralph Ruebner

UIC Law Open Access Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

The Functions Of Justice And Anti-Justice In The Peace-Building Process, Paul Williams, Michael Scharff

Scholarly Articles in Law Reviews & Journals

Recently, there has been increasing use of the tool of justice/accountability in the peace-building process. Yet, the norms of justice, while increasingly invoked, is seldom defined in the context of peace-building. To understand the role that justice has played and has the potential of playing in the peace-building process, it is important first to define the norm as well as articulate its functions. This article therefore serves as an introduction to The Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law’s “Role of Justice in Building Peace” Symposium Issue by providing a detailed definitional description of the justice norm. In addition, it …

The Role Of Justice In The Former Yugoslavia: Antidote Or Placebo For Coercive Appeasement?, Paul Williams, Patricia Taft

Scholarly Articles in Law Reviews & Journals

Throughout the 1990's, the approach of the European Union and the United States to the conflicts in the former Yugoslavia was one of coercive appeasement. By most professional and historical accounts, this approach was a failed one, with the consequences that over 250,000 civilians were killed, thousands raped and millions displaced. Throughout the conflict, the institutions of justice created by the international community frequently served as a mere placebo rather than an antidote to the dominant approach of coercive appeasement. Frequently key policymakers actively sought to constrain the role of justice during the peace building process. At times during the …

Quirin Revisited, Carl W. Tobias

Law Faculty Publications

Six decades ago, the U.S. Supreme Court decided Ex parte Quirin, in which the Justices determined that President Franklin Delano Roosevelt possessed the requisite constitutional authority to institute and use a military commission.

On November 13, 2001, President George W. Bush promulgated an Executive Order (Bush Order) that authorized the establishment and application of military commissions as well as purported to eliminate whatever jurisdiction federal courts might have by statute and to deny federal court access to individuals prosecuted or detained for terrorism. The Bush administration substantially premised that the Order and jurisdiction-stripping proviso on Ex parte Quirin. It has …

The War On Terrorism And The Constitution, Michael I. Meyerson

All Faculty Scholarship

Discussion of civil liberties during wartime often omit the fact that there can be no meaningful liberty at all if our homes and offices are bombed or our loved ones are killed or injured by acts of terror. The Government must be given the tools necessary to accomplish its vital mission. The first priority must be to win the war against terrorism. There are, however, other priorities. The United States, in its just battle for freedom, must ensure that freedom is preserved during that battle as well. Moreover, care must be taken so that an exaggerated cry of “emergency” is …

Military Commissions And Courts-Martial: A Brief Discussion Of The Constitutional And Jurisdictional Distinctions Between The Two Courts, Timothy C. Macdonnell

Scholarly Articles

On 13 November 2001, President George W. Bush signed Military Order 222, authorizing the trial of non-U.S. citizens for war crimes by military commission.' Since the signing of that order, a contentious debate has raged over the possible use of military commissions to try suspected terrorists. As part of that debate, the media has used various terms to describe the proposed military commissions. They have called them "Secret Military Trials,"' "Military Tribunals,"' and "U.S. Military Court[s]." A Cable News Network internet story described military commissions as "essentially a courts-martial, or a military trial, during a time of war." This quotation …

One Small Step For Women: Female-Friendly Provisions In The Rome Statute Of The International Criminal Court, Rana R. Lehr-Lehnardt

Faculty Works

No abstract provided.

Anastasoff V. United States And Appeals In Veterans' Cases, Charles G. Mills

The Journal of Appellate Practice and Process

Many cases regarding veterans' benefits are heard in the Federal Circuit. The Federal Circuit has a practice of issuing one sentence orders in some cases. This practice benefits veterans by allowing decisions adverse to veterans to be made without creating precedential value. Removing the practice of unpublished opinions in the Federal Circuit would extinguish this benefit.

The Post-Conflict Transitional Administration Of Kosovo And The Lessons-Learned In Efforts To Establish A Judiciary And Rule Of Law, Wendy S. Betts, Scott N. Carlson, Gregory Grisvold

Michigan Journal of International Law

The study of post-conflict Kosovo presents an important opportunity to distill lessons that can provide guidance for future post-conflict, transitional administrations. The lessons-learned from an analysis of any post-conflict setting are many and varied. The goal of this short paper is limited to the identification of key lessons-learned in the effort to reestablish the judiciary and rule of law in post-conflict Kosovo. Even within this limited setting, this paper is not intended to provide exhaustive coverage of the issue. Rather, it is intended to provide the reader with basic information and central themes that are essential to a discussion of …

Juridical And Jurisdictional Disconnects, Mark A. Drumbl

Scholarly Articles

Although extraterritorial trials for human rights abusers certainly achieve some justice, this Article posits -- through a case-study of post-genocide Rwanda -- that the effects of such trials are circumscribed by the fact they may have little meaning among perpetrators and victims in post-conflict societies. This limited meaning particularly attaches to trials conducted extraterritorially through international tribunals as well as trials conducted in foreign national courts through the exercise of what loosely is called "universal jurisdiction." This circumscribed meaning results in these trials' having limited deterrence effects, although they may go some way to satisfying the deontological need to punish …

Tadić, The Anonymous Witness And The Sources Of International Procedural Law, Natasha A. Affolder

Michigan Journal of International Law

This article explores the Trial Chamber's decision to allow the use of anonymous testimony as a protective measure in the wake of the final judgment in the Tadić trial. This initial decision, granting the prosecutor's request for protective measures including the withholding of four witnesses' identities from the accused, formed a precedent upon which later rulings for protective measures relied, both throughout the Tadić case and in subsequent cases before the International Tribunal.

Rape In Wartime: Redress In United States Courts Under The Alien Tort Claims Act, Susana Sácouto

Scholarly Articles in Law Reviews & Journals

No abstract provided.

Civil Liberty And The Civil War: The Indianapolis Treason Trials, William Rehnquist

Indiana Law Journal

No abstract provided.

International Jurisdiction In Products Liability Cases (Analysis Of Asahi And Post-Asahi Cases), Tsutomu Kuribayashi

LLM Theses and Essays

With the increase of foreign trade, there has also been an increase in the number of foreign manufacturers and distributors involved in product liability litigation in the United States. In many cases, the products from these foreign manufacturers and distributors reach the forum states through the stream of commerce, and are distributed to the customers by regional distributors, wholesalers, and retailers. Therefore, in many product liability cases where defective products from these foreign manufacturers and distributors cause injuries to people in the United States, those foreign companies do not have a direct relationship with the forum states. In these cases, …

The Minutemen, The National Guard And The Private Militia Movement: Will The Real Militia Please Stand Up, 28 J. Marshall L. Rev. 959 (1995), Chuck Dougherty

UIC Law Review

No abstract provided.

Military Justice: From Oxymoron To Aspiration, Janet Walker

Osgoode Hall Law Journal

The mandate for Charter-based judicial review of military law is now in its second decade. Comparative analysis of the relationship between military law and the civilian judiciary in common law countries reveals that Canadian courts benefitting from this mandate are so placed within the constitutional structure as to be uniquely able to engage in substantive review of the adherence to the principles of fundamental justice by Canadian courts martial. Accordingly, the question of the jurisdiction of military tribunals which has formed the focal point internationally for judicial review is of passing significance in Canada. The yet critical issues of civilian …

Constitutional Review By The Executive In Foreign Affairs And War Powers: A Consequence Of Rational Choice In The Separation Of Powers, John O. Mcginnis

Articles

No abstract provided.

United States V. Johnson: The Supreme Court Extends The Feres Doctrine Bar To Ftca Recovery Against Non-Military Tortfeasors, 22 J. Marshall L. Rev. 199 (1988), Susan Beaupre Lindholm

UIC Law Review

No abstract provided.

What The Constitution Means By Executive Power, Charles J. Cooper, Orrin Hatch, Eugene V. Rowstow, Michael E. Tigar

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

From O'Callahan To Chappell: The Burger Court And The Military, Stephen J. Kaczynski

University of Richmond Law Review

In 1969, the United States was deeply committed to a ground war in Southeast Asia in which the suffering and death was brought home daily to the American television viewer. Distrust of the military was never higher, as the repeated assertions of the imminent collapse of the enemy had apparently been graphically belied a year earlier in the Tet Offensive. As a newly elected President pledged to bring "peace with honor" to a war which seemed amenable to neither, Justice Douglas announced the decision of the Court in O'Callahan v. Parker.

Post-Conviction Review In The Federal Courts For The Service-Member Not In Custody, Michigan Law Review

Michigan Law Review

This Note examines the availability of nonhabeas federal court review for those convicted by courts-martial. Part I discusses the function of such review and suggests a scope of review that would serve that function without unduly burdening the federal courts; Part II sketches the evolution of nonhabeas review and analyzes the jurisdictional problems surrounding its present status; Part III recommends statutory and judicial changes to make the review of courts-martial more equitable and efficient.

Book Review. A Special Kind Of Justice, Edward F. Sherman

Articles by Maurer Faculty

No abstract provided.

Military Justice Without Military Control, Edward F. Sherman

Articles by Maurer Faculty

No abstract provided.

Direct Judicial Review Of The Actions Of The Selective Service System, Bruce J. Winick

Michigan Law Review

A registrant may obtain judicial review of Selective Service action in any of three possible ways. If he submits to induction into the Armed Forces, the registrant may challenge the validity of his induction order by petitioning for habeas corpus. If the registrant refuses to submit to induction, and is subsequently indicted for that refusal, he may defend the criminal prosecution on the ground that the order for his induction was unlawful. In addition to these two well-settled methods of obtaining postinduction judicial review, the registrant may have a third alternative. In certain circumstances, he may be able to secure …

The Civilianization Of Military Law, Edward F. Sherman

Articles by Maurer Faculty

No abstract provided.

Massachusetts In The Federal Courts: The Constitutionality Of The Vietnam War, Anthony A. D'Amato

University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform

One of the most singular pieces of legislation in American constitutional history passed both houses of the Massachusetts legislature on April 1st, 1970, and was signed into law on the following day by Governor Francis W. Sargent. It provides that, except for an emergency, no inhabitant of Massachusetts inducted into or serving in the armed forces "shall be required to serve" abroad in an armed hostility that has not been declared a war by Congress under Article 1, Section 8, clause 11 of the United States Constitution. The bill further directs the state's attorney general to bring a suit testing …

Cafeteria Workers Revisited: Does The Commander Have Plenary Power To Control Access To His Base?, Jethro K. Lieberman

Articles & Chapters

The Supreme Court's decision in Cafeteria Workers v. McElroy (1961) has often been cited by military commanders to support claimed plenary power over access to the installation commanded. Observing that plenary power is a rarity in contemporary society, Lieutenant Lieberman questions the prof erred interpretation of Cafeteria Workers particularly in light of more recent decisions. He concludes that while commanders do possess broad powers over access, the power is not plenary but must be weighed in each instance against the individual's rights of freedom of speech and association.

Judicial Review--Selective Service Classifications, Gary Gordon Markham

West Virginia Law Review

No abstract provided.